551 11:30 - NFT 1974 Oct 27 02:00 # Norfolk T.
552 11:30 1:00 NFST 1975 Mar 2 02:00
553 11:30 - NFT 2015 Oct 4 02:00
554 11:00 - NFT
555
556 # Palau (Belau)
557 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
558 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
559 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
560
561 # Papua New Guinea
562 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
563 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
564 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
565 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
566 #
567 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
568 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
569 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
570 #
571 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates
572 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
573 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
574 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
575 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
576 # http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
577 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
578 #
579 # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11
580 # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time";
581 # abbreviate this as BST. See:
582 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/
583 #
584 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880
585 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895
586 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul
587 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21
588 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00
589 11:00 - BST
590
591 # Pitcairn
592 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
593 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
594 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00
595 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
596
597 # American Samoa
598 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
599 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
600 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
626 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
627 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
628 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
629
630 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
631 # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
632 #
633 # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
634 # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
635 # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
636 # (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
637
638 # From David Zülke (2011-05-09):
639 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
640 #
641 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
642
643 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
644 # The International Date Line Act 2011
645 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
646 # changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
647 # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted
648 # accordingly.
649
650 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
651 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
652 #
653 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
654 #
655 # DST
656 # Year End Time Start Time
657 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
658 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
659 #
660 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
661 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
662 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
663 #
664 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
665 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
666 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
721 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
722 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
723 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
724 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
725 13:00 - TOT 1999
726 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
727
728 # Tuvalu
729 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
730 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
731 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
732
733
734 # US minor outlying islands
735
736 # Howland, Baker
737 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
738 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
739 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
740 # uninhabited thereafter.
741 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937;
742 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
743 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
744 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
745 # until they were abandoned after the war.
746
747 # Jarvis
748 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
749 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
750 # uninhabited thereafter.
751 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
752
753 # Johnston
754 #
755 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11):
756 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
757 # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
758 # treat it like Hawaii for now.
759 #
760 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
761 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
1479 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
1480 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
1481 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
1482
1483 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1484 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1485 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1486 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1487 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1488
1489 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
1490 # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
1491 # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26).
1492 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf
1493 # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
1494 # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
1495 # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
1496 # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
1497 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
1498 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
1499 # LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
1500 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
1501
1502 ###############################################################################
1503
1504
1505 # Fiji
1506
1507 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1508 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1509 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1510
1511 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1512 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1513 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1514 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1515
1516 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1517 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1518
1519 # From the BBC World Service in
1535 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1536
1537
1538 # Kwajalein
1539
1540 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1541 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1542 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1543 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1544 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1545
1546
1547 # N Mariana Is, Guam
1548
1549 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1550 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
1551 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1552 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1553 # see Asia/Manila.
1554
1555 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
1556 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1557 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1558 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1559
1560
1561 # Micronesia
1562
1563 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1564 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
1565 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1566 #
1567 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
1568 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1569
1570 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1571 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1572 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
1573 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
1574 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
1575 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
1576
1577
1578 # Midway
1579
1580 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1581 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1582 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1583 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1584 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1585 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1586 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1587 # air at 6am your time.
1588 #
1589 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1590 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1591 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1592 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1593
1594 # Norfolk
1595
1621 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1622
1623 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1624 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1625 # ... at midnight.
1626
1627 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1628 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1629 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1630 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1631
1632
1633 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
1634
1635 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1636 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1637 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1638 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
1639 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
1640
1641 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30
1642 # in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11
1643 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
1644 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
1645 # Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950,
1646 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
1647 # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
1648 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
1649
1650 # Tonga
1651
1652 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1653 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
1654 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
1655 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1656
1657 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1658 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
1659 # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
1660 #
1661 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1662 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1663 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1664 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1665 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
|
551 11:30 - NFT 1974 Oct 27 02:00 # Norfolk T.
552 11:30 1:00 NFST 1975 Mar 2 02:00
553 11:30 - NFT 2015 Oct 4 02:00
554 11:00 - NFT
555
556 # Palau (Belau)
557 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
558 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
559 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
560
561 # Papua New Guinea
562 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
563 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
564 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
565 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
566 #
567 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
568 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
569 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
570 #
571 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
572 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
573 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
574 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
575 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
576 # http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
577 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
578 #
579 # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11
580 # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time";
581 # abbreviate this as BST. See:
582 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/
583 #
584 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880
585 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895
586 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul
587 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21
588 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00
589 11:00 - BST
590
591 # Pitcairn
592 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
593 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
594 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00
595 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
596
597 # American Samoa
598 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
599 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
600 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
626 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
627 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
628 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
629
630 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
631 # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
632 #
633 # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
634 # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
635 # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
636 # (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
637
638 # From David Zülke (2011-05-09):
639 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
640 #
641 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
642
643 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
644 # The International Date Line Act 2011
645 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
646 # changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
647 # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted
648 # accordingly.
649
650 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
651 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
652 #
653 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
654 #
655 # DST
656 # Year End Time Start Time
657 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
658 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
659 #
660 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
661 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
662 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
663 #
664 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
665 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
666 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
721 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
722 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
723 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
724 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
725 13:00 - TOT 1999
726 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
727
728 # Tuvalu
729 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
730 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
731 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
732
733
734 # US minor outlying islands
735
736 # Howland, Baker
737 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
738 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
739 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
740 # uninhabited thereafter.
741 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937;
742 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
743 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
744 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
745 # until they were abandoned after the war.
746
747 # Jarvis
748 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
749 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
750 # uninhabited thereafter.
751 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
752
753 # Johnston
754 #
755 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11):
756 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
757 # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
758 # treat it like Hawaii for now.
759 #
760 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
761 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
1479 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
1480 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
1481 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
1482
1483 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1484 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1485 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1486 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1487 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1488
1489 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
1490 # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
1491 # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26).
1492 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf
1493 # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
1494 # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
1495 # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
1496 # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
1497 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
1498 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
1499 # LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
1500 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
1501
1502 ###############################################################################
1503
1504
1505 # Fiji
1506
1507 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1508 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1509 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1510
1511 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1512 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1513 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1514 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1515
1516 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1517 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1518
1519 # From the BBC World Service in
1535 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1536
1537
1538 # Kwajalein
1539
1540 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1541 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1542 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1543 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1544 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1545
1546
1547 # N Mariana Is, Guam
1548
1549 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1550 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
1551 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1552 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1553 # see Asia/Manila.
1554
1555 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
1556 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1557 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1558 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1559
1560
1561 # Micronesia
1562
1563 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1564 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
1565 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1566 #
1567 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
1568 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1569
1570 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1571 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1572 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
1573 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
1574 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
1575 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
1576
1577
1578 # Midway
1579
1580 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1581 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1582 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1583 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1584 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1585 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1586 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1587 # air at 6am your time.
1588 #
1589 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1590 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1591 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1592 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1593
1594 # Norfolk
1595
1621 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1622
1623 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1624 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1625 # ... at midnight.
1626
1627 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1628 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1629 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1630 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1631
1632
1633 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
1634
1635 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1636 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1637 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1638 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
1639 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
1640
1641 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30
1642 # in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11
1643 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
1644 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
1645 # Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950,
1646 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
1647 # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
1648 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
1649
1650 # Tonga
1651
1652 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1653 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
1654 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
1655 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1656
1657 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1658 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
1659 # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
1660 #
1661 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1662 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1663 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1664 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1665 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
|