1914 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
1915 #
1916 # (2001-04-09):
1917 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
1918 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
1919 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
1920 # actually followed.
1921 #
1922 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
1923 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
1924 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
1925 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1926 # adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1927 #
1928 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1929 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1930 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1931 # Amsterdam mean time.
1932
1933 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from
1934 # http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm
1935
1936 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1937 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1938 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1939 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1940 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1941 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1942 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
1943 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1944 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1945 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1946 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1947 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1948 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
1949 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
1950 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1951 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1952 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1953 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1954 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
3433 # "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
3434 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
3435 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
3436 # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
3437 # offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
3438 # (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
3439 # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
3440 # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
3441
3442 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3443 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
3444 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
3445 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3446 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
3447 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
3448 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
3449 1:00 EU CE%sT
3450
3451 # Turkey
3452
3453 # From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
3454 # The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
3455 # ... The latest rules are available at:
3456 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
3457 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
3458 # I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
3459 # DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure
3460 # what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:
3461 # http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm
3462 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT
3463 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM
3464 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016
3465 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021
3466 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027
3467 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03):
3468 # Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990.
3469
3470 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
3471 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
3472 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
3473 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
3474 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
3475 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
3476 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
3477 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
3478 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
3479
3480 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
3481 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
3482 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
3483 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
3484 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
3485 # Turkish:
3486 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
3487
3488 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
3557 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
3558 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3559 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
3560 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
3561 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
3562 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
3563 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
3564 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
3565 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
3566 Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
3567 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3568 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3569 Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
3570 Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
3571 Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
3572 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
3573 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
3574 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
3575 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
3576 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3577 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
3578 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
3579 Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3580 Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3581 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3582 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3583 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
3584 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
3585 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
3586 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1985 Apr 20
3587 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
3588 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
3589 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
3590 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
3591 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
3592 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u
3593 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u
3594 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7
3595 3:00 - +03
3596 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
3597
3598 # Ukraine
3599 #
3600 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
|
1914 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
1915 #
1916 # (2001-04-09):
1917 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
1918 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
1919 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
1920 # actually followed.
1921 #
1922 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
1923 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
1924 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
1925 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1926 # adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1927 #
1928 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1929 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1930 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1931 # Amsterdam mean time.
1932
1933 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from
1934 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm
1935
1936 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1937 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1938 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1939 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1940 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1941 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1942 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
1943 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1944 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1945 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1946 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1947 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1948 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
1949 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
1950 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1951 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1952 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1953 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1954 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
3433 # "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
3434 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
3435 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
3436 # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
3437 # offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
3438 # (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
3439 # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
3440 # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
3441
3442 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3443 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
3444 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
3445 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3446 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
3447 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
3448 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
3449 1:00 EU CE%sT
3450
3451 # Turkey
3452
3453 # From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25):
3454 # 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with
3455 # no exceptions.
3456 # 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ...
3457 # Here are official papers:
3458 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf - page 2 for 1986
3459 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf - page 4 for 1987
3460 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf - page 15 for 1988
3461 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf - page 6 for 1989
3462 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf - page 1 for 1990 - 1992
3463 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf - page 15 for 1993 - 1995
3464 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf - page 1 for overriding 1994
3465 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf - page 1 for 1996, 1997
3466 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf - page 10 for 1998 - 2000
3467 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001
3468 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006
3469 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25):
3470 # Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1985.
3471
3472 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
3473 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
3474 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
3475 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
3476 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
3477 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
3478 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
3479 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
3480 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
3481
3482 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
3483 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
3484 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
3485 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
3486 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
3487 # Turkish:
3488 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
3489
3490 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
3559 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
3560 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3561 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
3562 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
3563 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
3564 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
3565 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
3566 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
3567 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
3568 Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
3569 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3570 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3571 Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
3572 Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
3573 Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
3574 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
3575 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
3576 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
3577 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
3578 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3579 Rule Turkey 1986 1993 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3580 Rule Turkey 1986 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3581 Rule Turkey 1994 only - Mar 20 1:00s 1:00 S
3582 Rule Turkey 1995 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3583 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3584 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3585 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
3586 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
3587 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
3588 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1985 Apr 20
3589 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
3590 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
3591 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
3592 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
3593 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
3594 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u
3595 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u
3596 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7
3597 3:00 - +03
3598 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
3599
3600 # Ukraine
3601 #
3602 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
|