1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 31 32 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 33 # 34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 38 # 39 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 40 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 42 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 43 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 44 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 45 # 46 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 47 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 48 # 49 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 50 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 51 # 52 # Other sources occasionally used include: 53 # 54 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 55 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 56 # which I found in the UCLA library. 57 # 58 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 59 # <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf> 60 # [PDF] (1914-03) 61 # 62 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 63 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: 64 # "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables 65 # may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, 66 # Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. 67 # 68 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 69 # This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see 70 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html 71 # The full Russian citation is: 72 # Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток 73 # введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го 74 # июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград: 75 # Десятая гос. тип., 1919. 76 # http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf 77 # 78 # Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO), 79 # History of Summer Time 80 # <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm> 81 # (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 82 83 # 84 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 85 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 86 # Corrections are welcome! 87 # std dst 2dst 88 # LMT Local Mean Time 89 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 90 # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 91 # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 92 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 93 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 94 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 95 # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 96 # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* 97 # 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971) 98 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 99 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 100 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 101 # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 102 103 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), 104 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 105 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 106 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 107 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 108 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 109 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 110 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 111 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 112 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 113 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 114 # ... 115 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 116 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 117 # ... 118 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 119 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 120 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 121 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 122 # in the Directive. 123 124 125 ############################################################################### 126 127 # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 128 129 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 130 # 131 # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 132 # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 133 # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 134 # of the text said: 135 # 136 # 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 137 # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 138 # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 139 # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 140 # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 141 # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 142 # along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 143 # 144 # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 145 # position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should 146 # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 147 # 148 # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 149 150 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 151 # 152 # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 153 # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 154 # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 155 # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 156 # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 157 # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 158 # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 159 # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 160 # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 161 # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 162 # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 163 # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 164 # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 165 # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 166 # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 167 # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 168 # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 169 # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 170 # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 171 # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 172 # 173 # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 174 # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 175 # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 176 177 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19): 178 # The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time 179 # informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year. 180 # Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the 181 # New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946), 182 # whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value 183 # after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research. 184 # In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society 185 # that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See: 186 # Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg. 187 # Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734 188 # http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html 189 # Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal 190 # did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten. 191 # 192 # In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915), 193 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 194 # who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) 195 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 196 # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 197 # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 198 # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 199 # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 200 # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 201 # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 202 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 203 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 204 # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 205 # designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial, 206 # which is permanently set to Summer Time. 207 208 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 209 # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 210 # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 211 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 212 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 213 # foundations of civilization throughout the world. 214 # -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; 215 # republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 216 # http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf 217 218 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): 219 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" 220 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 221 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 222 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". 223 # The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see: 224 # Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press 225 # ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8. 226 227 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 228 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 229 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 230 231 # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 232 # From: Jonathan Leffler 233 # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 234 # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 235 # politics making a fortune, not computing. 236 237 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 238 # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 239 # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 240 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 241 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 242 243 # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 244 # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 245 # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 246 # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 247 248 # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 249 # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 250 # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 251 # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 252 # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 253 # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 254 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 255 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png 256 257 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 258 # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 259 # which is to be introduced in May.... 260 # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 261 # which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 262 263 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 264 # Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common 265 # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 266 # so we use 'BDST'. 267 268 # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 269 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 270 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 271 # and extending this list, which can be found in 272 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ 273 274 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 275 # 276 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 277 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech 278 # http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 279 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). 280 281 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 282 # 283 # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 284 # 285 # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 286 # are incorrect: 287 # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 288 # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 289 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 290 # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 291 # It actually just had one transition. 292 # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 293 # Actually, it conformed to Britain. 294 # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 295 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 296 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 297 # 298 # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 299 # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 300 # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 301 # conform with Great Britain. 302 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 303 # 304 # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 305 # we'll ignore it for now. 306 # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 307 # 308 # 309 # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than 310 # Shanks & Pottenger. 311 # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 312 # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 313 # to London. For example: 314 # 315 # "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 316 # -- James Joyce, Ulysses 317 318 # "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time 319 # was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that 320 # would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed 321 # Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'." 322 # -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising. 323 # Irish Times 2014-10-27. 324 # http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411 325 326 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 327 # Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>. 328 # These include various relating to legal time, for example: 329 # 330 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 331 # 332 # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 333 # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 334 # 335 # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 336 # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 337 # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 338 # 339 # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 340 # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 341 # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 342 # 343 # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 344 # <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 345 # 346 # (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 347 # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 348 # the laws applicable in Ireland.) 349 # 350 # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 351 # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 352 # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 353 # being GMT+1.) 354 355 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 356 # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 357 # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 358 # (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 359 # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 360 # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 361 # and Frethun run in CT. 362 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 363 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 364 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 365 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 366 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 367 # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 368 369 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 370 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 371 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC. 372 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 373 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 374 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 375 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 376 377 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 378 # Summer Time Act, 1916 379 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 380 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 381 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 382 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 383 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 384 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 385 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 386 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 387 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 388 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 389 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 390 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 391 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 392 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 393 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 394 # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 395 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 396 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 397 # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 398 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 399 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 400 # The Summer Time Act, 1922 401 Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 402 Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 403 Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 404 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 405 # The Summer Time Act, 1925 406 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 407 Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 408 Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 409 Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 410 Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 411 Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 412 Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 413 Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 414 Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 415 Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 416 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 417 # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 418 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 419 # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 420 Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 421 # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 422 Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 423 Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 424 # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 425 Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 426 # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 427 Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 428 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 429 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 430 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 431 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 432 Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 433 Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 434 # The Summer Time Act, 1947 435 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 436 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 437 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 438 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 439 # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 440 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 441 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 442 # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 443 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 444 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 445 # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 446 # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 447 # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 448 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 449 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 450 # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 451 Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 452 Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 453 Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 454 Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 455 Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 456 Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 457 Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 458 # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 459 # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 460 # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 461 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 462 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 463 # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 464 # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 465 # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 466 Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 467 # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 468 Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 469 # The British Standard Time Act, 1968 470 # (no summer time) 471 # The Summer Time Act, 1972 472 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 473 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 474 # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 475 # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 476 # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 477 # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 478 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 479 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 480 # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 481 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 482 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 483 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 484 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 485 # See EU for rules starting in 1996. 486 # 487 # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. 488 489 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 490 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 491 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 492 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 493 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 494 0:00 EU GMT/BST 495 Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey 496 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey 497 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man 498 499 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 500 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 501 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 502 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 503 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 504 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 505 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 506 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 507 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 508 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 509 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 510 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 511 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 512 0:00 EU GMT/IST 513 514 ############################################################################### 515 516 # Europe 517 518 # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 519 # Common Market, etc. 520 521 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 522 Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 523 Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 524 Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 525 Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 526 Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 527 Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 528 # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 529 # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 530 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 531 # http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT 532 533 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 534 Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 535 Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 536 Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 537 Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 538 Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 539 Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 540 541 # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 542 # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 543 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 544 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 545 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 546 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 547 Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 548 Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 549 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 550 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 551 Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 552 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 553 Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 554 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 555 # 556 # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 557 # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 558 # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the 559 # tz database itself, as seen below: 560 # 561 # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 562 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 563 # 564 # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 565 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 566 # 567 # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 568 # 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 569 # 570 # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 571 # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 572 # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 573 # 574 # The rule line to be changed is: 575 # 576 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 577 # 578 # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 579 # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 580 # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 581 # affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms 582 # CET and MET: 583 # 584 # Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 585 # Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 586 # 587 # It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 588 # 589 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 590 # 591 # A small step for mankind though 8-) 592 Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 593 Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 594 Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 595 Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 596 Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 597 Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 598 Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 599 600 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 601 Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 602 Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 603 Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 604 Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 605 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 606 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 607 608 609 # Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union 610 # 611 # The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23). 612 613 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 614 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 615 # 616 # Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137 617 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 618 # 619 # Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001 620 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 621 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 622 # 623 # Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949 624 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 625 # 626 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 0:00u 1:00 MSD 627 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK 628 # 629 # Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840 630 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD 631 # 632 # Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949 633 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 +05 634 # 635 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD 636 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 637 # Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 638 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 639 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 640 # Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 641 # Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 642 Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 643 Rule Russia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 644 # 645 Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 646 # As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data. 647 648 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 649 # Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of 650 # Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the 651 # Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227. 652 # 653 # I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have 654 # title at http://base.garant.ru/70754136/ : 655 # "About change in calculation of time on the territories of 656 # Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan, 657 # Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts". 658 # And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to 659 # contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules 660 # of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov 661 # oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989: 662 # a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast: 663 # second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1); 664 # b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt 665 # rules (Moscow time) 666 # c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1). 667 668 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 669 # Unamended version of the act of the 670 # Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992 671 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0 672 # says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday 673 # of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September 674 # at 3 hours. It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October. 675 676 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): 677 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev 678 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. 679 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. 680 # 681 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 682 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 683 # 684 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): 685 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html 686 687 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 688 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered 689 # to be standard. 690 691 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 692 693 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 694 Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 695 Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 696 Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 697 Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 698 699 # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 700 # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 701 702 # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 703 # The official German names ... are 704 # 705 # Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 706 # Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 707 # 708 # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 709 # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 710 # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 711 # 712 # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 713 # Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 714 # Postfach 3345 715 # D-38023 Braunschweig 716 # phone: +49 531 592-0 717 # 718 # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 719 # department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 720 # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 721 # 722 # Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 723 # Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 724 725 726 # Albania 727 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 728 Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 729 Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 730 Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 731 Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 732 Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 733 Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 734 Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 735 Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 736 Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 737 Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 738 Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 739 Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 740 Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 741 Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 742 Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 743 Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 744 Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 745 Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 746 Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 747 Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 748 Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 749 Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 750 Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 751 Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 752 Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 753 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 754 Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 755 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 756 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 757 1:00 EU CE%sT 758 759 # Andorra 760 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 761 Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 762 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 763 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 764 1:00 EU CE%sT 765 766 # Austria 767 768 # Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. 769 770 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 771 # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 772 # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 773 # date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 774 # Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 775 # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 776 777 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 778 Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 779 Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 780 Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 781 Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 782 Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 783 Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 784 Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 785 Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 786 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 787 Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 788 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 789 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 790 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 791 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 792 1:00 - CET 1946 793 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 794 1:00 EU CE%sT 795 796 # Belarus 797 # 798 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02): 799 # http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm 800 # (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from 801 # 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00 802 # on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September 803 # (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations). 804 # 805 # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): 806 # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to 807 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). 808 # 809 # Sources (Russian language): 810 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html 811 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ 812 # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html 813 # 814 # From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09): 815 # Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time.... 816 # http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html 817 # 818 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 819 Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 820 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 821 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 822 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 823 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 824 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 825 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 826 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 827 3:00 - +03 828 829 # Belgium 830 # 831 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 832 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 833 # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 834 # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991 835 # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 836 # pp 8-9. 837 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 838 # Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 839 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. 840 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 841 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 842 # 843 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 844 Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 845 Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 846 Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 847 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 848 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 849 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 850 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 851 Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 852 Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 853 Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 854 Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 855 Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 856 # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 857 # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 858 # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 859 # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 860 Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 861 Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 862 Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 863 Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 864 Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 865 Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 866 Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 867 Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 868 Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 869 Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 870 Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 871 Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 872 Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 873 Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 874 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 875 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 876 Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 877 Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 878 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 879 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 880 Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 881 Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 882 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 883 Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 884 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 885 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 886 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 887 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 888 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 889 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 890 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 891 1:00 EU CE%sT 892 893 # Bosnia and Herzegovina 894 # See Europe/Belgrade. 895 896 # Bulgaria 897 # 898 # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 899 # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says: 900 # EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 901 # EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 902 # 903 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 904 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 905 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 906 Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 907 Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 908 Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 909 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 910 Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 911 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 912 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 913 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 914 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 915 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 916 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00 917 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 918 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 919 2:00 EU EE%sT 920 921 # Croatia 922 # See Europe/Belgrade. 923 924 # Cyprus 925 # Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 926 927 # Czech Republic 928 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 929 Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 930 Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 931 Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 932 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 933 Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 934 Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 935 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 936 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 937 Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 938 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 939 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 940 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 941 1:00 EU CE%sT 942 # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. 943 944 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 945 946 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 947 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 948 # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 949 # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 950 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 951 # 952 # The EU treaty with effect from 1973: 953 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 954 # 955 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 956 # in subsequent decrees with the law 957 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 958 # 959 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 960 # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 961 # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 962 # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 963 # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 964 # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 965 # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 966 # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 967 # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 968 # was suspended on that night): 969 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 970 971 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 972 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 973 # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 974 975 # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 976 # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 977 # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 978 979 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 980 Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 981 Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 982 Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 983 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 984 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 985 Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 986 Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 987 Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 988 Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 989 Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 990 Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 991 # 992 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 993 Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 994 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 995 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 996 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 997 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 998 1:00 EU CE%sT 999 Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn 1000 0:00 - WET 1981 1001 0:00 EU WE%sT 1002 # 1003 # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 1004 # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 1005 # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 1006 # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 1007 # 1008 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1009 # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 1010 # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 1011 # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb 1012 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 1013 # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 1014 1015 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing 1016 # <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 1017 # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 1018 # 1019 # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 1020 # is according to the following time line: 1021 # 1022 # The military zone near Thule UTC-4 1023 # Standard Greenland time UTC-3 1024 # Scoresbysund UTC-1 1025 # Danmarkshavn UTC 1026 # 1027 # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 1028 # introduced. 1029 1030 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 1031 # 1032 # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 1033 # the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 1034 # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 1035 # info from earlier correspondence.] 1036 # 1037 # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 1038 # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 1039 # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 1040 # 1041 # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 1042 # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 1043 # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 1044 # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 1045 # email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 1046 # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 1047 # DPC research station at Zackenberg. 1048 # 1049 # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 1050 # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb). 1051 # 1052 # The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it 1053 # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 1054 # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 1055 # 1056 # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 1057 # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 1058 # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 1059 # this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be 1060 # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 1061 1062 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 1063 # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 1064 # there at 2:00 AM. 1065 1066 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1067 # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 1068 # the 1995 map as like Godthåb. 1069 # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996. 1070 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 1071 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 1072 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 1073 1074 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 1075 # "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named 1076 # "National Park" by Executive Order: 1077 # http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf 1078 # It is their only National Park. 1079 # 1080 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1081 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1082 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 1083 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1084 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1085 Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1086 Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 1087 # 1088 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1089 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1090 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1091 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 1092 0:00 - GMT 1093 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 1094 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1095 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 1096 -1:00 EU EG%sT 1097 Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 1098 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1099 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1100 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 1101 -4:00 Thule A%sT 1102 1103 # Estonia 1104 # 1105 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1106 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1107 # 1108 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 1109 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 1110 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 1111 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 1112 # 1113 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 1114 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 1115 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 1116 # "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 1117 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 1118 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 1119 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 1120 # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 1121 # summer time next spring." 1122 1123 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 1124 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 1125 # http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390 1126 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 1127 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120). 1128 # 1129 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 1130 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 1131 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 1132 1133 # From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09) 1134 # via Steffen Thorsen: 1135 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 1136 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 1137 # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 1138 # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 1139 # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 1140 # after that. 1141 1142 # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 1143 # Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 1144 # No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 1145 # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 1146 1147 # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 1148 # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 1149 # Now we are using again EU rules. 1150 # 1151 # From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28): 1152 # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 1153 1154 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1155 Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1156 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1157 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1158 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 1159 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 1160 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1161 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 1162 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1163 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 1164 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 1165 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00 1166 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 1167 2:00 EU EE%sT 1168 1169 # Finland 1170 1171 # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 1172 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1173 # and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1174 1175 # From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): 1176 # 1177 # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1178 # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1179 # earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1180 # according to the central European standards. 1181 # 1182 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1183 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in 1184 # Finnish) at 1185 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf 1186 # 1187 # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings 1188 # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. 1189 # 1190 # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: 1191 # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 1192 # 1193 # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not 1194 # exist tonight." 1195 1196 # From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13): 1197 # [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013] 1198 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf 1199 # pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942 1200 # say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942, 1201 # 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper 1202 # mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday".... 1203 # On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards. 1204 # 1205 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14): 1206 # Go with Oja over Shanks. 1207 1208 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1209 Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S 1210 Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 - 1211 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1212 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1213 1214 # Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document); 1215 # round to nearest. 1216 1217 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1218 Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31 1219 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1220 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 1221 2:00 EU EE%sT 1222 1223 # Åland Is 1224 Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 1225 1226 1227 # France 1228 1229 # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 1230 # 1231 # Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions 1232 # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 1233 # 1234 # Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel, 1235 # Paris, 1991 1236 # 1237 # Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie, 1238 # Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987 1239 1240 1241 # 1242 # Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 1243 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1244 Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1245 Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 1246 Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1247 Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1248 Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1249 Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1250 Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1251 Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1252 Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1253 Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1254 # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 1255 # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1256 # were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1257 Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1258 Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1259 Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1260 Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 1261 Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1262 Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1263 Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1264 Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1265 Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 1266 Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1267 Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1268 Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1269 Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1270 Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1271 Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1272 Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1273 Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1274 Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1275 Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1276 Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1277 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1278 # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 1279 # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez, 1280 # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La 1281 # Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, 1282 # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 1283 # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois, 1284 # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). 1285 Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1286 # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1287 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 1288 # who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 1289 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 1290 Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 1291 Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 1292 Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 1293 Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 1294 Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 1295 Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 1296 Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 1297 Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 1298 Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1299 # Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 1300 # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 1301 Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 1302 Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1303 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, 1304 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 1305 # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 1306 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 1307 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1308 Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 1309 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 1310 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 1311 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 1312 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1313 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1314 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 1315 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1316 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1317 1:00 EU CE%sT 1318 1319 # Germany 1320 1321 # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 1322 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 1323 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1324 # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 1325 1326 # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1327 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1328 # http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ 1329 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin. 1330 1331 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1332 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1333 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1334 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1335 # this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04. 1336 1337 1338 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1339 Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 1340 Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1341 Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1342 # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition 1343 # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. 1344 # Go with the PTB. 1345 Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 1346 Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 1347 Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 1348 Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1349 Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1350 1351 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1352 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1353 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1354 1355 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1356 Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1357 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1358 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1359 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1360 1:00 EU CE%sT 1361 1362 # From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): 1363 # Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton 1364 # Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE 1365 # (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. 1366 # DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, 1367 # which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. 1368 # 1369 # Source for the time in Büsingen 1980: 1370 # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 1371 1372 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): 1373 # Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. 1374 1375 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen 1376 1377 # Georgia 1378 # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1379 # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1380 # is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1381 1382 # Gibraltar 1383 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1384 Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 1385 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1386 1:00 - CET 1982 1387 1:00 EU CE%sT 1388 1389 # Greece 1390 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1391 # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1392 Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 1393 Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1394 # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1395 Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1396 # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1397 Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1398 Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 1399 Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1400 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1401 Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1402 Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 1403 Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 1404 Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 1405 Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 1406 Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 1407 Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1408 Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 1409 Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 1410 Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 1411 Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1412 Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1413 Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1414 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1415 Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1416 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1417 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1418 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1419 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1420 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 1421 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 1422 2:00 EU EE%sT 1423 1424 # Hungary 1425 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 1426 # Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from: 1427 # Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945. 1428 # National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29). 1429 # http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html 1430 # This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks 1431 # & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates). 1432 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1433 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 1434 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1435 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 1436 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 - 1437 Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 1438 Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1439 Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 1440 Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1441 Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 1442 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1443 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 1444 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 1445 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1446 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1447 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1448 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 1449 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1450 Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 1451 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1452 Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1453 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1454 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8 1455 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1456 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1457 1:00 EU CE%sT 1458 1459 # Iceland 1460 # 1461 # From Adam David (1993-11-06): 1462 # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1463 # 1464 # (1993-12-05): 1465 # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1466 # Iceland Almanak. 1467 # 1468 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1469 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1470 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 1471 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1472 # 1473 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1474 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1475 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1476 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1477 # 1478 # (1993-12-10): 1479 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1480 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1481 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1482 # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1483 # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1484 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1485 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1486 # might mean something else (???). 1487 # 1488 # From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): 1489 # The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see 1490 # http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html 1491 # 1492 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1493 Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1494 Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1495 Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1496 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 S 1497 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - 1498 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1499 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - 1500 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1501 Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - 1502 Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 S 1503 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1504 Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1505 Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1506 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1507 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1508 # 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week 1509 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1510 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1511 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1512 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1513 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 1514 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1515 0:00 - GMT 1516 1517 # Italy 1518 # 1519 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 1520 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 1521 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 1522 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 1523 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 1524 # so record only the time in Rome. 1525 # 1526 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1527 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and 1528 # F. Pollastri 1529 # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) 1530 # http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html 1531 # ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 1532 # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1533 # 1534 # year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1535 # 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1536 # 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1537 # 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1538 # 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1539 # 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 1540 # 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 1541 # 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 1542 # 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1543 # 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 1544 # 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1545 # 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 1546 # 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1547 # 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1548 # 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 1549 # 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 1550 # 1551 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1552 Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1553 Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1554 Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1555 Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1556 Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 1557 Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1558 Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 1559 Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1560 Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 1561 Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 1562 Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 1563 Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1564 Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 1565 Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1566 Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1567 Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1568 Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1569 Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1570 Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1571 Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1572 Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 1573 Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1574 Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 1575 Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1576 Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1577 Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1578 Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1579 Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 1580 Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1581 Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 1582 Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1583 Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1584 Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1585 Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1586 Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1587 Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1588 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1589 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1590 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean 1591 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1592 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1593 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1594 1:00 EU CE%sT 1595 1596 Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1597 Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1598 1599 # Latvia 1600 1601 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 1602 1603 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1604 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1605 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1606 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1607 # 1608 # Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1609 # according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 1610 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1611 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 1612 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 1613 # 1614 # Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1615 # according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 1616 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1617 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1618 # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 1619 # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 1620 # 1621 # Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1622 # according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 1623 # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 1624 # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 1625 # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 1626 # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1627 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 1628 # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1629 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1630 # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1631 # 1632 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1633 # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1634 # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1635 1636 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1637 # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1638 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1639 # 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>, 1640 # in Latvian for subscribers only). 1641 1642 # From RFE/RL Newsline 1643 # http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html 1644 # (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 1645 # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 1646 # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 1647 # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 1648 # clocks one hour in the spring.... 1649 # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few 1650 # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 1651 # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 1652 # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 1653 # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 1654 # appears that they will not do so.... 1655 1656 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1657 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1658 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1659 1660 # Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time). 1661 # Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34. 1662 # Go with Byalokoz. 1663 1664 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1665 Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880 1666 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT 1667 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST 1668 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1669 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1670 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11 1671 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1672 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1673 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1674 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1675 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1676 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1677 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1678 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 1679 2:00 EU EE%sT 1680 1681 # Liechtenstein 1682 1683 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): 1684 # Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich. 1685 1686 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18): 1687 # http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf 1688 # ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942. 1689 # I ... translate only the last two paragraphs: 1690 # ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein 1691 # introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on 1692 # central European time was in force throughout the year. 1693 # From a report of the duke's government to the high council, 1694 # regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977. 1695 1696 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz 1697 1698 1699 # Lithuania 1700 1701 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1702 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1703 1704 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1705 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1706 # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1707 1708 # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 1709 # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1710 # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1711 1712 # From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>, 1713 # via Steffen Thorsen: 1714 # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1715 # to be valid here starting from October 31, 1716 # as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1717 # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1718 # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1719 # already done by Estonia. 1720 1721 # From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1722 # <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27): 1723 # Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 1724 1725 # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1726 # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1727 # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1728 # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1729 # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1730 # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1731 # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1732 1733 1734 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1735 Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1736 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1737 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1738 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1739 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1740 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1741 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1742 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1743 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1744 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1745 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1746 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1747 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1748 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1749 2:00 EU EE%sT 1750 1751 # Luxembourg 1752 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1753 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1754 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1755 Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1756 Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1757 Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1758 Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1759 Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1760 Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1761 Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1762 Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1763 Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1764 Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1765 Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1766 Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1767 Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1768 Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1769 Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1770 Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1771 Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1772 Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1773 Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1774 Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1775 Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1776 Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1777 Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1778 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1779 Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1780 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1781 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1782 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1783 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1784 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1785 1:00 EU CE%sT 1786 1787 # Macedonia 1788 # See Europe/Belgrade. 1789 1790 # Malta 1791 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1792 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1793 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1794 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1795 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1796 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1797 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1798 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1799 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1800 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 1801 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1802 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1803 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1804 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1805 1:00 EU CE%sT 1806 1807 # Moldova 1808 1809 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 1810 # the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04 1811 # http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2 1812 # ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR 1813 # time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt 1814 # plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be 1815 # adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer" 1816 # time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and 1817 # reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00. 1818 1819 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1820 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1821 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 1822 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 1823 # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 1824 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 1825 # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1826 # But [two people] separately reported via 1827 # Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 1828 # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1829 # 1830 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): 1831 # Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as 1832 # "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition 1833 # to the Winter Time). 1834 # 1835 # News (in Russian): 1836 # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html 1837 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html 1838 # 1839 # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) 1840 # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) 1841 # 1842 # From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) 1843 # In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol 1844 # a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. 1845 # 1846 # (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) 1847 # 1848 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) 1849 # NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. 1850 # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own 1851 # decision to abolish DST this winter. 1852 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- 1853 # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. 1854 # News from Moldova (in russian): 1855 # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html 1856 1857 # From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02): 1858 # http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077 1859 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01): 1860 # The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that 1861 # 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also, 1862 # http://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara 1863 # says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time. 1864 # Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU. 1865 1866 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1867 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1868 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 1869 1870 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1871 Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1872 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1873 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1874 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1875 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1876 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1877 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 May 6 2:00 1878 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 1879 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1880 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 1881 2:00 Moldova EE%sT 1882 1883 # Monaco 1884 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1885 # more precise 0:09:21. 1886 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1887 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1888 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1889 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1890 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1891 1:00 EU CE%sT 1892 1893 # Montenegro 1894 # See Europe/Belgrade. 1895 1896 # Netherlands 1897 1898 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1899 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1900 1901 # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 1902 # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 1903 # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 1904 # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 1905 # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 1906 # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 1907 # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 1908 # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 1909 # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 1910 # 1911 # (2001-04-08): 1912 # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 1913 # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 1914 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 1915 # 1916 # (2001-04-09): 1917 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 1918 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 1919 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 1920 # actually followed. 1921 # 1922 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 1923 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 1924 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 1925 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 1926 # adopted Amsterdam mean time. 1927 # 1928 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 1929 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 1930 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 1931 # Amsterdam mean time. 1932 1933 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from 1934 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm 1935 1936 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1937 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1938 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1939 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1940 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1941 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1942 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 1943 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1944 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1945 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1946 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1947 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1948 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 1949 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 1950 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1951 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1952 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1953 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1954 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1955 Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1956 Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1957 Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1958 Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1959 # 1960 # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 1961 # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. 1962 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1963 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 1964 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 1965 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 1966 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1967 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1968 1:00 EU CE%sT 1969 1970 # Norway 1971 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1972 # Pottenger. 1973 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1974 Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1975 Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1976 Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1977 Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1978 Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1979 Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1980 Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1981 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1982 Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1983 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1984 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1985 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1986 1:00 EU CE%sT 1987 1988 # Svalbard & Jan Mayen 1989 1990 # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 1991 # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 1992 # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 1993 # time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 1994 # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 1995 # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 1996 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and 1997 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation 1998 # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 1999 # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 2000 # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 2001 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been 2002 # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 2003 # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by 2004 # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 2005 # since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 2006 # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 2007 # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 2008 2009 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): 2010 # 2011 # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 2012 # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 2013 # keeping Berlin time. 2014 # 2015 # <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 2016 # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 2017 # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 2018 # frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 2019 # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 2020 # the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 2021 # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 2022 # 2023 # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 2024 # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 2025 # <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 2026 # <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 2027 # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 2028 # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 2029 # http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html 2030 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 2031 # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 2032 # 2033 # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo 2034 # for these regions. 2035 Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 2036 2037 # Poland 2038 2039 # The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20), 2040 # <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2. 2041 2042 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2043 Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 2044 Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 2045 Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 2046 # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2047 Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2048 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2049 Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 2050 Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2051 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 2052 # Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 2053 # http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 2054 # Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 2055 # He also gives these further references: 2056 # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 2057 # Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 2058 Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 2059 Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 2060 Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 2061 Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2062 Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 2063 Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 2064 Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 2065 Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2066 Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 2067 Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 2068 Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 2069 Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 2070 Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2071 Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2072 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2073 Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 2074 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 2075 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 2076 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 2077 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 2078 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 2079 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 2080 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 2081 1:00 EU CE%sT 2082 2083 # Portugal 2084 # 2085 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: 2086 # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) 2087 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 2088 # Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. 2089 # Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees 2090 # with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for 2091 # Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira. 2092 # 2093 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 2094 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 2095 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 2096 # 2097 # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 2098 # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 2099 # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 2100 # 2101 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 2102 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 2103 # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 2104 # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 2105 # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 2106 # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 2107 # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 2108 # 2109 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2110 # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 2111 # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 2112 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2113 Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 2114 # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2115 Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 2116 Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2117 Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2118 Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 2119 Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2120 Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 2121 Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2122 Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2123 Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2124 Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2125 Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2126 Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2127 Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2128 Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2129 Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2130 # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2131 Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2132 Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 2133 Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 2134 # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2135 Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2136 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 2137 Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 2138 Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2139 # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2140 Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 2141 Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 2142 Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2143 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2144 Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 2145 Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 2146 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 2147 Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 2148 Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2149 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 2150 Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2151 Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 2152 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 2153 Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 2154 Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 2155 Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 2156 Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 2157 Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2158 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2159 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2160 # Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 2161 # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2162 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2163 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2164 Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 2165 Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 2166 Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 2167 Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 2168 Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2169 Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2170 Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2171 Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2172 # 2173 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2174 Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 2175 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time 2176 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2177 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 2178 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2179 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2180 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 2181 0:00 EU WE%sT 2182 Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 2183 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time 2184 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 2185 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2186 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2187 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 2188 -1:00 EU AZO%sT 2189 Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 2190 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time 2191 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 2192 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2193 0:00 EU WE%sT 2194 2195 # Romania 2196 # 2197 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 2198 # Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html> 2199 # (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 2200 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 2201 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 2202 # the same year as Bulgaria. 2203 # 2204 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2205 Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 2206 Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 2207 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 2208 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 2209 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2210 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 2211 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2212 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2213 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 2214 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2215 Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 2216 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2217 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 2218 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2219 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 2220 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2221 2:00 EU EE%sT 2222 2223 2224 # Russia 2225 2226 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): 2227 # Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011 2228 # (Government document 2229 # http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ 2230 # in Russian) 2231 # there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... 2232 # All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English 2233 # by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: 2234 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm 2235 2236 # From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): 2237 # Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: 2238 # http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 2239 # They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). 2240 2241 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2242 # Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia 2243 # changed in September 2011: 2244 # 2245 # One source is 2246 # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ 2247 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, 2248 # 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. 2249 # 2250 # Another source is 2251 # http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html 2252 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the 2253 # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also 2254 # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: 2255 # in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which 2256 # does not contain any "effective date" information. 2257 # 2258 # Another source is 2259 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 2260 # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011... 2261 # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2262 # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. 2263 # 2264 # The Wikipedia article refers to 2265 # http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 2266 # which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. 2267 # 2268 # Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's 2269 # "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2270 # with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to 2271 # get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias 2272 # Conradi notes). 2273 # 2274 # None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. 2275 # 2276 # Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. 2277 2278 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01): 2279 # According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency) 2280 # http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562 2281 # the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to 2282 # winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new 2283 # regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ... 2284 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02 2285 # Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N 2286 # 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding 2287 # areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English): 2288 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html 2289 # 2290 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22): 2291 # Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian) 2292 # http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711 2293 # http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660 2294 # http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279 2295 # From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this: 2296 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html 2297 2298 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2299 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 2300 # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 2301 # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 2302 # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 2303 # 2304 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2305 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 2306 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 2307 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 2308 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 2309 # 2310 # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 2311 # 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 2312 # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 2313 # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 2314 # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 2315 # 2316 # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 2317 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 2318 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 2319 # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 2320 # 2321 # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 2322 # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 2323 # News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 2324 # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 2325 # the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began 2326 # enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 2327 # 2328 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 2329 # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 2330 # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 2331 # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 2332 # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 2333 # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 2334 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 2335 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 2336 2337 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2338 # The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist 2339 # with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions 2340 # are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative 2341 # listing. The region codes listed come from 2342 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498 2343 # and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their 2344 # future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level 2345 # divisions where available. 2346 2347 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2348 2349 2350 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2351 # Europe/Kaliningrad covers... 2352 # 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast 2353 2354 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2355 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2356 2357 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2358 # http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni 2359 # confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented. 2360 # (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that 2361 # summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But 2362 # 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.) 2363 # ... 2364 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 2365 # says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided 2366 # at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to 2367 # Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19. 2368 2369 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 2370 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2371 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 2372 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2373 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2374 3:00 - +03 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2375 2:00 - EET 2376 2377 2378 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and 2379 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2380 # Europe/Moscow covers... 2381 # 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of 2382 # 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of 2383 # 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of 2384 # 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic 2385 # 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of 2386 # 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic 2387 # 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of 2388 # 11 RU-KO Komi Republic 2389 # 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic 2390 # 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of 2391 # 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of 2392 # 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of 2393 # 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic 2394 # 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic 2395 # 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai 2396 # 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai 2397 # 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast 2398 # 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast 2399 # 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast 2400 # 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast 2401 # 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast 2402 # 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast 2403 # 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast 2404 # 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast 2405 # 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast 2406 # 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast 2407 # 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast 2408 # 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast 2409 # 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast 2410 # 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast 2411 # 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast 2412 # 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast 2413 # 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast 2414 # 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast 2415 # 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast 2416 # 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast 2417 # 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast 2418 # 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast 2419 # 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast 2420 # 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast 2421 # 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast 2422 # 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast 2423 # 77 RU-MOW Moscow 2424 # 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg 2425 # 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2426 2427 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): 2428 # The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919. Decree No. 59 2429 # (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time 2430 # zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854 2431 # specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT. 2432 # No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date; 2433 # later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are 2434 # taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks. 2435 # (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.) 2436 2437 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2438 # 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982. 2439 # Wikipedia refers to 2440 # http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html 2441 # http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm 2442 # 2443 # The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn 2444 # magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to 2445 # the Trud newspaper from February 1982. The first link provides the 2446 # same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses 2447 # time belt changes map). 2448 # 2449 # The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to 2450 # introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt 2451 # border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous 2452 # Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka 2453 # according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that 2454 # "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time 2455 # belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on 2456 # 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was 2457 # supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2 2458 # hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01 2459 # is also provided. 2460 # 2461 # The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems 2462 # and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not 2463 # moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan, 2464 # Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian, 2465 # Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol 2466 # krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo, 2467 # Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and 2468 # Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky 2469 # district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous 2470 # Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end 2471 # up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow 2472 # time. 2473 # 2474 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt 2475 # attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers 2476 # of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds 2477 # Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky 2478 # district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. Probably erroneously. 2479 # 2480 # The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow, 2481 # Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk. 2482 # 2483 # 12. Udmurtia 2484 # The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i 2485 # Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from 2486 # Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act. 2487 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt 2488 # implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01. 2489 # Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991. 2490 # 2491 # ... 2492 # 2493 # All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at 2494 # 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1 2495 # change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia). 2496 # 2497 # There were some exceptions, though. 2498 # Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd, 2499 # Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992 2500 # change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some 2501 # lists found in the internet are quite wild.) 2502 # 2503 # And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment. 2504 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 2505 # says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the 2506 # 1991-03-31 switch and one person at 2507 # http://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html 2508 # says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception 2509 # 2 days before the switch. 2510 # 2511 # 2512 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2513 # Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the 2514 # chaotic early 1980s in Russia. It's not clear what these entries 2515 # should be. For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the 2516 # time in Moscow. 2517 2518 # From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08): 2519 # LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow 2520 # Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30").... 2521 # LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard. 2522 # (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.) 2523 # The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by 2524 # Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow 2525 # was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory 2526 # coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" > 2527 # 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 = 2528 # 2:31:19 ... 2529 # 2530 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 2531 # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in 2532 # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895). 2533 # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in 2534 # Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky. 2535 2536 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880 2537 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 2538 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2539 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct 2540 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2541 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2542 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2543 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2544 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2545 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2546 3:00 - MSK 2547 2548 2549 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2550 # Europe/Simferopol covers... 2551 # ** **** Crimea, Republic of 2552 # ** **** Sevastopol 2553 2554 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2555 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2556 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2557 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2558 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2559 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2560 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2561 2:00 - EET 1992 2562 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 2563 # 2564 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2565 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2566 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2567 # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened 2568 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2569 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2570 # changed in May. 2571 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2572 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 2573 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s 2574 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2575 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2576 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2577 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 2578 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2579 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): 2580 # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 2581 # http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html 2582 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): 2583 # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks 2584 # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial 2585 # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about. 2586 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 2587 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2588 3:00 - MSK 2589 2590 2591 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2592 # Europe/Astrakhan covers: 2593 # 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast 2594 # 2595 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2596 2597 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12): 2598 # On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation 2599 # Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time).... 2600 # This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00. 2601 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2602 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056 2603 2604 Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May 2605 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2606 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2607 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2608 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2609 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2610 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2611 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2612 4:00 - +04 2613 2614 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2615 # Europe/Volgograd covers: 2616 # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast 2617 # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast 2618 # The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04). 2619 2620 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2621 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2622 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11 2623 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s 2624 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2625 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2626 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2627 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2628 3:00 - +03 2629 2630 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2631 # Europe/Kirov covers: 2632 # 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast 2633 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2634 # 2635 Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2636 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2637 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2638 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2639 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2640 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2641 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2642 3:00 - +03 2643 2644 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2645 # Europe/Samara covers... 2646 # 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic 2647 # 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast 2648 2649 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2650 # Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20. 2651 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2652 2653 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2654 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2655 4:00 - +04 1935 Jan 27 2656 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2657 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2658 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2659 3:00 - +03 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2660 4:00 Russia +04/+05 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2661 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2662 4:00 - +04 2663 2664 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2665 # Europe/Ulyanovsk covers: 2666 # 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast 2667 2668 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2669 2670 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): 2671 # Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am. 2672 # Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ... 2673 # 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading. 2674 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2675 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051 2676 2677 Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2678 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2679 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2680 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2681 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2682 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2683 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2684 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2685 4:00 - +04 2686 2687 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2688 # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers... 2689 # 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of 2690 # 90 RU-PER Perm Krai 2691 # 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast 2692 # 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast 2693 # 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast 2694 # 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast 2695 # 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast 2696 # 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra 2697 # 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2698 # 2699 # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak 2700 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai. 2701 2702 # Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest. 2703 # Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05. 2704 # Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard. 2705 # The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks. 2706 2707 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3 2708 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 2709 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2710 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2711 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2712 5:00 Russia +05/+06 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2713 6:00 - +06 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2714 5:00 - +05 2715 2716 2717 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2718 # Asia/Omsk covers... 2719 # 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast 2720 2721 # Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30. 2722 2723 Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 2724 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2725 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2726 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2727 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2728 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2729 6:00 - +06 2730 2731 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22): 2732 # Asia/Barnaul covers: 2733 # 04 RU-AL Altai Republic 2734 # 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai 2735 2736 # Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2737 2738 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2739 # Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25 2740 # http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm 2741 # suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on 2742 # 1995-05-28. 2743 # 2744 # http://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html 2745 # has some historical data for Altai Krai: 2746 # before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7 2747 # after 1957: UTC+7 2748 # since 1995: UTC+6 2749 # http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html 2750 # confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date. 2751 2752 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): 2753 # Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones 2754 # by March 27, 2016 at 2am.... 2755 # Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ... 2756 # Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) 2757 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2758 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043 2759 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038 2760 2761 Zone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10 2762 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2763 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2764 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2765 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28 2766 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2767 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2768 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2769 7:00 - +07 2770 2771 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2772 # Asia/Novosibirsk covers: 2773 # 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast 2774 2775 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30): 2776 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6 2777 # moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7. 2778 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04): 2779 # The law was signed yesterday and published today on 2780 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064 2781 2782 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 2783 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2784 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2785 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2786 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 2787 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2788 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2789 6:00 - +06 2016 Jul 24 2:00s 2790 7:00 - +07 2791 2792 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2793 # Asia/Tomsk covers: 2794 # 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast 2795 2796 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24): 2797 # Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51. 2798 2799 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2800 # Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow. 2801 2802 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19): 2803 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743 2804 # (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time) 2805 # / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ... 2806 # Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their 2807 # GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally 2808 # belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced 2809 # with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a 2810 # 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014). 2811 2812 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12): 2813 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6 2814 # This bill was approved in the first reading today. It moves Tomsk oblast 2815 # from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at 2816 # 2:00. The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by 2817 # the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President 2818 # and published to become a law. Minor changes in the text are to be expected 2819 # before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the 2820 # recent changes). 2821 # 2822 # Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws, 2823 # the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule 2824 # http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/ 2825 # http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303 2826 # I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the 2827 # bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday, 2828 # approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and 2829 # published as a law around 2016-04-26. 2830 2831 # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26): 2832 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048 2833 2834 Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 Dec 22 2835 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2836 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2837 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2838 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2002 May 1 3:00 2839 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2840 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2841 6:00 - +06 2016 May 29 2:00s 2842 7:00 - +07 2843 2844 2845 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2846 # Asia/Novokuznetsk covers... 2847 # 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast 2848 2849 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 2850 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 2851 # March 28, 2010: 2852 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 2853 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 2854 # 2855 # This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September 2856 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 2857 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 2858 # 2859 # Russian Government web site (Russian language) 2860 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 2861 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 2862 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 2863 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 2864 # 2865 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 2866 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 2867 2868 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 2869 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus 2870 # realigning itself with KRAT. 2871 2872 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1 2873 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2874 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2875 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2876 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2877 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2878 7:00 - +07 2879 2880 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2881 # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers... 2882 # 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic 2883 # 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of 2884 # 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai 2885 # 2886 # Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr 2887 # Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai. 2888 2889 # Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26. 2890 2891 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 2892 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2893 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2894 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2895 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2896 8:00 - +08 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2897 7:00 - +07 2898 2899 2900 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2901 # Asia/Irkutsk covers... 2902 # 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of 2903 # 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast 2904 # 2905 # Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was 2906 # merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast. 2907 2908 # Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15. 2909 # Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05. 2910 # Go with Byalokoz. 2911 2912 Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880 2913 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 2914 7:00 - +07 1930 Jun 21 2915 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2916 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2917 8:00 Russia +08/+09 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2918 9:00 - +09 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2919 8:00 - +08 2920 2921 2922 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2923 # Asia/Chita covers... 2924 # 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai 2925 # 2926 # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat 2927 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai. 2928 2929 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02): 2930 # [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) - 2931 # Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will 2932 # be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am.... 2933 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107 2934 2935 Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2936 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 2937 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2938 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2939 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2940 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2941 8:00 - +08 2016 Mar 27 2:00 2942 9:00 - +09 2943 2944 2945 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2946 # Asia/Yakutsk covers... 2947 # 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast 2948 # 2949 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2950 # 14-02 **** Aldansky District 2951 # 14-04 **** Amginsky District 2952 # 14-05 **** Anabarsky District 2953 # 14-06 **** Bulunsky District 2954 # 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District 2955 # 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District 2956 # 14-11 **** Gorny District 2957 # 14-12 **** Zhigansky District 2958 # 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District 2959 # 14-14 **** Lensky District 2960 # 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District 2961 # 14-16 **** Mirninsky District 2962 # 14-18 **** Namsky District 2963 # 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District 2964 # 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District 2965 # 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District 2966 # 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District 2967 # 14-26 **** Suntarsky District 2968 # 14-27 **** Tattinsky District 2969 # 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District 2970 # 14-32 **** Khangalassky District 2971 # 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District 2972 # 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District 2973 2974 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2975 # Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District. 2976 # Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too. 2977 # Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk. 2978 2979 # Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58. 2980 2981 Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2982 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 2983 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2984 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2985 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2986 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2987 9:00 - +09 2988 2989 2990 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2991 # Asia/Vladivostok covers... 2992 # 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai 2993 # 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai 2994 # 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast 2995 # 2996 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2997 # 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District 2998 # 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District 2999 3000 # Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5. 3001 # Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31. 3002 # Go with Byalokoz. 3003 3004 Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 3005 9:00 - +09 1930 Jun 21 3006 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3007 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3008 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3009 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3010 10:00 - +10 3011 3012 3013 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3014 # Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3015 # 14-28 **** Tomponsky District 3016 # 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District 3017 3018 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 3019 # Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time 3020 # in 2011. 3021 3022 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): 3023 # Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. 3024 # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. 3025 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. 3026 3027 Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3028 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 3029 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3030 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3031 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2004 3032 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3033 11:00 - +11 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 3034 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3035 9:00 - +09 3036 3037 3038 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3039 # Asia/Sakhalin covers... 3040 # 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast 3041 # ...with the exception of: 3042 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 3043 3044 # From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22): 3045 # Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... 3046 # (2016-03-09): 3047 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044 3048 3049 # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 3050 Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 3051 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 25 3052 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T 3053 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3054 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 3055 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3056 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3057 10:00 - +10 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 3058 11:00 - +11 3059 3060 3061 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 3062 # Asia/Magadan covers... 3063 # 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast 3064 3065 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 3066 # Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however, 3067 # several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of 3068 # the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented 3069 # until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will 3070 # need their own zone. 3071 3072 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27): 3073 # ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... 3074 # will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock 3075 # 3076 # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05): 3077 # ... signed by the President today ... 3078 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038 3079 3080 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 3081 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 3082 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3083 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3084 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3085 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3086 10:00 - +10 2016 Apr 24 2:00s 3087 11:00 - +11 3088 3089 3090 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 3091 # Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3092 # 14-01 **** Abyysky District 3093 # 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District 3094 # 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District 3095 # 14-17 **** Momsky District 3096 # 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District 3097 # 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District 3098 # 3099 # ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast: 3100 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 3101 3102 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02): 3103 # Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with 3104 # most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on 3105 # 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District 3106 # of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by 3107 # Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11. 3108 3109 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 3110 # Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27. 3111 # There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone 3112 # Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary. 3113 # 3114 # Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these 3115 # districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently 3116 # lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females 3117 # each! (Yikes!) 3118 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276 3119 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493 3120 # Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one. 3121 # 3122 # Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have 3123 # fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the 3124 # 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most 3125 # recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of 3126 # http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf 3127 # in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older 3128 # settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining. 3129 # Go with Srednekolymsk. 3130 3131 Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 3132 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 3133 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3134 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3135 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3136 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3137 11:00 - +11 3138 3139 3140 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3141 # Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3142 # 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District 3143 3144 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 3145 # Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from 3146 # Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. 3147 # 3148 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 3149 # It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch, 3150 # as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of 3151 # Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on 3152 # UTC+12 since at least then, too. 3153 3154 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3155 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 3156 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1981 Apr 1 3157 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3158 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3159 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3160 12:00 - +12 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 3161 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3162 10:00 - +10 3163 3164 3165 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 3166 # Asia/Kamchatka covers... 3167 # 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai 3168 # 3169 # Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak 3170 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai. 3171 3172 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps 3173 # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long. 3174 Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 3175 11:00 - +11 1930 Jun 21 3176 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3177 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3178 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 3179 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3180 12:00 - +12 3181 3182 3183 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3184 # Asia/Anadyr covers... 3185 # 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug 3186 3187 Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 3188 12:00 - +12 1930 Jun 21 3189 13:00 Russia +13/+14 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 3190 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3191 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3192 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 3193 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3194 12:00 - +12 3195 3196 3197 # San Marino 3198 # See Europe/Rome. 3199 3200 # Serbia 3201 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3202 Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 3203 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 3204 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 3205 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 3206 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 3207 # Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of 3208 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 3209 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj. 3210 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 3211 1:00 EU CE%sT 3212 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 3213 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro 3214 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 3215 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 3216 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 3217 3218 # Slovakia 3219 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 3220 3221 # Slovenia 3222 # See Europe/Belgrade. 3223 3224 # Spain 3225 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3226 # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; 3227 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3228 Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 3229 Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 3230 Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 3231 Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 3232 # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3233 Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 3234 # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3235 Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 3236 Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 3237 # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3238 Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 3239 Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 3240 Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 3241 Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 3242 # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; 3243 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3244 Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 3245 Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 3246 Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 3247 Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 3248 Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 3249 # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3250 Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 3251 Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 3252 Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 3253 Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 3254 Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 3255 Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 3256 Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 3257 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 3258 Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 3259 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 3260 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 3261 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 3262 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 3263 Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 3264 Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 3265 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 3266 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 3267 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3268 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 3269 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 3270 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3271 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 3272 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 3273 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3274 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 3275 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3276 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s 3277 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 3278 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 3279 1:00 EU CE%sT 3280 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 3281 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 3282 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 3283 0:00 - WET 1924 3284 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 3285 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 3286 1:00 - CET 1986 3287 1:00 EU CE%sT 3288 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 3289 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T 3290 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 3291 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u 3292 0:00 EU WE%sT 3293 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 3294 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 3295 3296 # Sweden 3297 3298 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 3299 # 3300 # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 3301 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 3302 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 3303 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 3304 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 3305 # 3306 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 3307 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 3308 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 3309 # 3310 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 3311 # författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 3312 # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 3313 # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 3314 # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 3315 # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 3316 # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 3317 # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 3318 # 3319 # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states 3320 # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 3321 # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 3322 # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 3323 # 3324 # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 3325 # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 3326 # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 3327 # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 3328 # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 3329 # the Sök-button). 3330 # 3331 # (2001-05-13): 3332 # 3333 # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 3334 # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 3335 # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 3336 # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 3337 # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 3338 # hour before the event took place. 3339 # 3340 # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 3341 3342 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3343 Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 3344 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 3345 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 3346 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 3347 1:00 - CET 1980 3348 1:00 EU CE%sT 3349 3350 # Switzerland 3351 # From Howse: 3352 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 3353 # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 3354 # mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 .... 3355 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3356 # From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): 3357 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 3358 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 3359 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 3360 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 3361 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 3362 3363 # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 3364 # I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 3365 # 3366 # As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 3367 # to be wrong. This is now verified. 3368 # 3369 # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 3370 # government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 3371 # federal law collection)... 3372 # 3373 # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 3374 # DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 3375 # 3376 # DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 3377 # DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 3378 # 3379 # There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 3380 # It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 3381 # collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 3382 # other years are made. 3383 # 3384 # Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 3385 # about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 3386 # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 3387 # a thing had happened in Switzerland. 3388 # 3389 # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de 3390 # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 3391 # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 3392 # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 3393 # 3394 # The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 3395 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3396 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3397 # 3398 # The 1940 rules must be deleted. 3399 # 3400 # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 3401 # most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... 3402 # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 3403 # the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not 3404 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 3405 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 3406 # 3407 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): 3408 # The Federal regulations say 3409 # http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html 3410 # ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50". 3411 # Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. 3412 3413 # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): 3414 # the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893) 3415 # http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353 3416 # clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight 3417 # but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one 3418 # hour before the beginning of service. 3419 3420 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): 3421 # Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. 3422 # 3423 # We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland 3424 # except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: 3425 # 3426 # Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und 3427 # Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, 3428 # ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. 3429 # 3430 # suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not 3431 # agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the 3432 # most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the 3433 # "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on 3434 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 3435 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in 3436 # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph 3437 # offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" 3438 # (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on 3439 # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and 3440 # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. 3441 3442 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3443 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3444 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3445 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3446 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. 3447 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 3448 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 3449 1:00 EU CE%sT 3450 3451 # Turkey 3452 3453 # From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25): 3454 # 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with 3455 # no exceptions. 3456 # 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ... 3457 # Here are official papers: 3458 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf - page 2 for 1986 3459 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf - page 4 for 1987 3460 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf - page 15 for 1988 3461 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf - page 6 for 1989 3462 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf - page 1 for 1990 - 1992 3463 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf - page 15 for 1993 - 1995 3464 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf - page 1 for overriding 1994 3465 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf - page 1 for 1996, 1997 3466 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf - page 10 for 1998 - 2000 3467 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001 3468 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006 3469 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25): 3470 # Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1985. 3471 3472 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 3473 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 3474 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 3475 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 3476 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 3477 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 3478 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 3479 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 3480 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 3481 3482 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): 3483 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer 3484 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. 3485 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. 3486 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 3487 # Turkish: 3488 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373 3489 3490 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): 3491 # The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the 3492 # Turkish Local election.... 3493 # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik 3494 # ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. 3495 # From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15): 3496 # Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31, 3497 # I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST 3498 # change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time. 3499 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15): 3500 # The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule 3501 # change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See: 3502 # Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency 3503 # http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30. 3504 # I guess the best we can do is document the official time. 3505 3506 # From Fatih (2015-09-29): 3507 # It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy. 3508 # Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00 3509 # http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217 3510 # 3511 # From BBC News (2015-10-25): 3512 # Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a 3513 # government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan 3514 # Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan. 3515 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326 3516 3517 # From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08): 3518 # Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter.... 3519 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf 3520 # 3521 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07): 3522 # The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey. 3523 # It takes effect today, which is not much notice. 3524 3525 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3526 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3527 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3528 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 3529 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 3530 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 3531 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 3532 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3533 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3534 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 3535 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3536 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 3537 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3538 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3539 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 3540 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 3541 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 3542 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 3543 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3544 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; 3545 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3546 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3547 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 3548 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3549 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3550 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3551 Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 3552 Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3553 Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 3554 Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 3555 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 3556 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3557 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 3558 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3559 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 3560 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3561 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 3562 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3563 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 3564 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 3565 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 3566 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 3567 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 3568 Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 3569 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3570 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3571 Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 3572 Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 3573 Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 3574 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 3575 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 3576 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 3577 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 3578 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 3579 Rule Turkey 1986 1993 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 3580 Rule Turkey 1986 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3581 Rule Turkey 1994 only - Mar 20 1:00s 1:00 S 3582 Rule Turkey 1995 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 3583 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3584 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3585 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 3586 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 3587 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 3588 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1985 Apr 20 3589 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 3590 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 3591 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 3592 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u 3593 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u 3594 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u 3595 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u 3596 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7 3597 3:00 - +03 3598 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 3599 3600 # Ukraine 3601 # 3602 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, 3603 # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 3604 # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government 3605 # regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 3606 # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 3607 # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 3608 # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 3609 3610 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): 3611 # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to 3612 # abolish the transfer clock to winter time. 3613 # 3614 # Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got 3615 # approval from 266 deputies. 3616 # 3617 # Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian) 3618 # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ 3619 # 3620 # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) 3621 # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html 3622 # 3623 # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) 3624 # http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ 3625 # 3626 # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): 3627 # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the 3628 # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter 3629 # time this year after all. 3630 # 3631 # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): 3632 # As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone 3633 # (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar 3634 # to Russia) was reverted today: 3635 # http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 3636 # 3637 # Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: 3638 # The law documents themselves are at 3639 # http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 3640 3641 # From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): 3642 # First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST: 3643 # 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST 3644 # 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3645 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134. 3646 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html 3647 # 3648 # They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law, 3649 # "summer time" was still in action): 3650 # 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3651 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272. 3652 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html 3653 # 3654 # Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action): 3655 # 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3656 # 3657 # DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended): 3658 # 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST 3659 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225. 3660 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm 3661 # This is an answer. 3662 # 3663 # Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure: 3664 # 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started 3665 # 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended 3666 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139. 3667 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm 3668 3669 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3670 # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 3671 # "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 3672 # "Kiev" is more common in English. 3673 Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 3674 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 3675 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3676 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 3677 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 3678 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 3679 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 3680 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3681 2:00 EU EE%sT 3682 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 3683 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but 3684 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. 3685 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 3686 1:00 - CET 1940 3687 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 3688 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 3689 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 3690 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 3691 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 3692 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 3693 2:00 - EET 1992 3694 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3695 2:00 EU EE%sT 3696 # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 3697 # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 3698 # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English 3699 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in 3700 # portable Posix file names. 3701 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 3702 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 3703 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3704 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 3705 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 3706 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3707 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3708 2:00 EU EE%sT 3709 3710 # Vatican City 3711 # See Europe/Rome. 3712 3713 ############################################################################### 3714 3715 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 3716 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 3717 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 3718 # 3719 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 3720 # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 3721 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 3722 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 3723 # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 3724 # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 3725 3726 # ... 3727 # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 3728 # From: Tom Hofmann 3729 # ... 3730 # 3731 # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 3732 # most European countries started DST. Before that year, only 3733 # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 3734 # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 3735 # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 3736 # years... 3737 # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 3738 # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 3739 # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 3740 # lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now. 3741 # 3742 # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 3743 # Soviet Union (as far as I know). 3744 # 3745 # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 3746 # 4002 Basle, Switzerland 3747 # ... 3748 3749 # ... 3750 # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 3751 # From: Dik T. Winter 3752 # ... 3753 # 3754 # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 3755 # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 3756 # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 3757 # 3758 # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 3759 # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 3760 # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 3761 # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 3762 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 3763 # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 3764 # dates... 3765 # 3766 # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 3767 # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 3768 # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 3769 # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 3770 # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 3771 # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 3772 # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 3773 # in advance of normal time. 3774 # 3775 # ... 3776 # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 3777 # ... 3778 3779 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 3780 # ... 3781 # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 3782 # Since 1978. Change at midnight. 3783 # ... 3784 # Monaco: has same DST as France. 3785 # ...