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*** 27,45 ****
# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
! # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
#
# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
#
! # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
! # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
--- 27,45 ----
# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
! # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20):
#
# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
#
! # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
! # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
*** 52,94 ****
# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
! # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
! # but Mark R V Murray reports that
! # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
! # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
! # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
- # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
#
! # To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
! # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
! # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
! # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
! # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
! #
! # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
! # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
! # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
! # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
! # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
! # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
! # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
! # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
! # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
! # until we get more information.
#
# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
! # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
! # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
! # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
! # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
! # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
! # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
# Algeria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
--- 52,88 ----
# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
+ # European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
+ # For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
! # for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
! # but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
! # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
! # 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
! # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
#
! # To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
! # +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
! # +02 CAT Central Africa Time
! # +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time
! # and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
! # +01 WAT West Africa Time
! # Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
! # I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
! # cannot now come up with solid citations.
#
# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
! # +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time
! # +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
! # +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
! # +03 EAT East Africa Time
! # 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired
! # with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
# Algeria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
*** 142,162 ****
# Cameroon
# See Africa/Lagos.
# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
#
! # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
! # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
# merely made it official?
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
! -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
! -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
! -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
! -1:00 - CVT
# Central African Republic
# See Africa/Lagos.
# Chad
--- 136,156 ----
# Cameroon
# See Africa/Lagos.
# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
#
! # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
! # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
# merely made it official?
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
! -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep
! -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15
! -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00
! -1:00 - -01
# Central African Republic
# See Africa/Lagos.
# Chad
*** 409,441 ****
# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
! 0:00 Ghana %s
# Guinea
# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Guinea-Bissau
#
# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
! # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
! -1:00 - WAT 1975
0:00 - GMT
# Kenya
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
3:00 - EAT 1930
! 2:30 - BEAT 1940
! 2:45 - BEAUT 1960
3:00 - EAT
Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
--- 403,435 ----
# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
! 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020
# Guinea
# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Guinea-Bissau
#
# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
! # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
! -1:00 - -01 1975
0:00 - GMT
# Kenya
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
3:00 - EAT 1930
! 2:30 - +0230 1940
! 2:45 - +0245 1960
3:00 - EAT
Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
*** 458,468 ****
# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
-0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
! -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
0:00 - GMT
###############################################################################
# Libya
--- 452,462 ----
# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
-0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
! -0:44:30 - -004430 1972 May
0:00 - GMT
###############################################################################
# Libya
*** 617,627 ****
Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
! 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
# Mayotte
# See Africa/Nairobi.
--- 611,621 ----
Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
! 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05
# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
# Mayotte
# See Africa/Nairobi.
*** 936,953 ****
# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
! -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
0:00 Morocco WE%sT
# Mozambique
#
# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
! # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
# merely made it official?
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
2:00 - CAT
--- 930,947 ----
# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
! -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14
0:00 Morocco WE%sT
# Mozambique
#
# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
! # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
# merely made it official?
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
2:00 - CAT
*** 970,989 ****
# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
# of the country.
#
! # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
! # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
! # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
! 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
1:00 Namibia WA%sT
--- 964,986 ----
# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
# of the country.
#
! # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
! # Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
! # observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
! # In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
! # See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
! # http://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
! 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar
2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
1:00 Namibia WA%sT
*** 1006,1016 ****
Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
# Réunion
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
! 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time
#
# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
#
# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
# The following information about them is taken from
--- 1003,1013 ----
Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
# Réunion
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
! 4:00 - +04
#
# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
#
# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
# The following information about them is taken from
*** 1041,1051 ****
# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Seychelles
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
! 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
--- 1038,1048 ----
# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Seychelles
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
! 4:00 - +04
# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
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