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9 #
10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
14 # accompanied this code).
15 #
16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
19 #
20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
22 # questions.
23 #
24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
26
27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
31
32 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-13):
33 #
34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
38 #
39 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
40 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
42 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
43 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
44 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
45 #
46 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
47 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
48 # I found in the UCLA library.
49 #
50 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
51 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
52 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
53 #
54 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
55 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
56 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
57 #
58 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
59 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
60 #
61 # The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables:
62 # std dst
63 # LMT Local Mean Time
64 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
65 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
66 # 5:30 IST India
67 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
68 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
69 # 8:00 CST China
70 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830
71 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
72 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
73 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
74 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
75 # Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
76 # and +0330 for integer hour and minute UTC offsets. Although earlier
77 # editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
78 # offset, this did not reflect common practice.
79 #
80 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
81
82 # From Guy Harris:
83 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
84 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
85 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
86 # Worldwide Edition).
87
88 ###############################################################################
89
90 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
91 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
92 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
93 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
94 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
95 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
96 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
97 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
98 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
99 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
100 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
101 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2011 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
102 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2011 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
103
104 # Afghanistan
105 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
106 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
107 4:00 - +04 1945
108 4:30 - +0430
109
110 # Armenia
111 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
112 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
113 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
114 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
115 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
116 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
117 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
118 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
119 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
120
121 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
122 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
123 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
124
125 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
126 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
127 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
128 #
129 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
130 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
131 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
132 # or
133 # (brief)
134 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
135 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
136 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
137 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
138 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
139 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
140 4:00 - +04 1997
141 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05
142
143 # Azerbaijan
144
145 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
146 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
147 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
148 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
149
150 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
151 # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
152 # daylight saving time....
153 # http://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
154 # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
155 # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
156
157 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
158 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
159 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
160 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
161 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
162 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
163 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
164 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
165 4:00 - +04 1996
166 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997
167 4:00 Azer +04/+05
168
169 # Bahrain
170 # See Asia/Qatar.
171
172 # Bangladesh
173 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
174 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
175 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
176 #
177 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
178 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
179 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
180 #
181 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
182 # June
183 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
184 # crippling power crisis. "
185 #
186 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
187 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
188
189 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
190 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
191 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
192 #
193 # Some sources:
194 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
195 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
196 #
197 # Our wrap-up:
198 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
199
200 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
201 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
202 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
203 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
204 #
205 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
206
207 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
208 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
209 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
210 #
211 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
212 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
213 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
214 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
215
216 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
217 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
218 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
219 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
220 # "continue for an indefinite period."
221 #
222 # One of many places where it is published:
223 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
224
225 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
226 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
227 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
228 #
229 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
230 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
231 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
232 #
233 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
234 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
235 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
236 # Minister's Office last night..."
237
238 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
239 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
240 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
241 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
242 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
243
244 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
245 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
246 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 -
247
248 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
249 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
250 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
251 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15
252 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
253 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30
254 6:00 - +06 2009
255 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07
256
257 # Bhutan
258 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
259 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
260 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct
261 6:00 - +06
262
263 # British Indian Ocean Territory
264 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
265 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
266 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
267 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
268 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
269 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
270 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
271 5:00 - +05 1996
272 6:00 - +06
273
274 # Brunei
275 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
276 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
277 7:30 - +0730 1933
278 8:00 - +08
279
280 # Burma / Myanmar
281
282 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
283
284 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
285 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
286 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
287 6:30 - +0630 1942 May
288 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3
289 6:30 - +0630
290
291 # Cambodia
292 # See Asia/Bangkok.
293
294
295 # China
296
297 # From Guy Harris:
298 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
299
300 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
301 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
302 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
303 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
304 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
305 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
306 #
307 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
308 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
309 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
310 #
311 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
312 # 1987 mid-April - ??
313
314 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
315 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
316 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
317
318 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
319 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
320 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
321 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
322
323 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
324 # Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
325 # this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer
326 # DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
327 # go with them for DST rules as follows:
328 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
329 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
330 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
331 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
332 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
333 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
334 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
335
336 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
337 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
338 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
339 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
340 #
341 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
342 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
343 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
344 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
345 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
346 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
347 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
348 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
349 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
350 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
351
352 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05):
353 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
354 #
355 # (1)
356 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
357 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
358 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
359 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
360 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
361 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
362 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
363 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
364 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
365 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
366 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
367 # could well have ignored any such mandate.
368 #
369 # (2)
370 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
371 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
372 # [undated and unknown publication location]
373 # It says several things:
374 # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
375 # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
376 # the official calendar book of 1914.
377 # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
378 # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
379 # Observatory and set to local mean time.
380 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
381 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
382 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
383 # became used by railways as well.
384 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
385 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
386 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
387 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
388 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
389 # Japanese-occupied territory.
390 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
391 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
392 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
393 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
394 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
395 #
396 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
397 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
398 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
399 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
400 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
401 #
402 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
403 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
404 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
405 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
406 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
407 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
408 #
409 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
410 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
411 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
412 #
413 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
414 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai.
415 # most of China
416 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
417 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
418 #
419 # Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07
420 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
421 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
422 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong
423 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
424 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
425 #
426 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
427 # This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with
428 # current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that
429 # disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here.
430 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
431 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
432 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
433 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
434 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
435 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
436 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
437 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
438 #
439 # Kunlun Time UT +05:30
440 # This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above).
441 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
442 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
443 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
444 # and Yarkand.
445
446 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
447 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
448 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
449 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
450 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
451 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
452 #
453 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
454 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
455 # hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
456 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
457 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
458 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
459 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
460 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
461 #
462 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
463 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
464 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
465 #
466 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
467 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
468 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
469 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
470 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
471
472 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
473 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
474 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
475 #
476 # 1. Wulumuqi...
477 # 2. Kashi...
478 # 3. Urumqi...
479 # 4. Kashgar...
480 # ...
481 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
482 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
483 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
484 #
485 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
486 # start date for Xinjiang time.
487 #
488 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
489 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
490 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
491 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
492
493 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
494 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
495 # http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
496
497 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
498 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
499 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
500 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
501 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
502 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
503 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
504 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
505 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
506 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
507 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
508 # having the same time as Beijing.
509
510 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
511 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
512 # but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
513 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
514 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
515 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
516 #
517 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
518 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
519 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
520 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
521 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
522 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
523 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
524 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
525 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
526 # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
527 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
528 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
529 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
530 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
531 # +08 mandate back then.
532
533 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
534 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
535 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
536 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
537 8:00 PRC C%sT
538 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
539 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
540 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
541 6:00 - +06
542
543
544 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
545
546 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
547
548 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
549 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
550 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
551 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
552 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
553 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
554 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
555 # obtained from
556 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
557
558 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
559 # Here are the dates given at
560 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
561 # as of 2009-10-28:
562 # Year Period
563 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
564 # 1942 Whole year
565 # 1943 Whole year
566 # 1944 Whole year
567 # 1945 Whole year
568 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
569 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
570 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
571 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
572 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
573 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
574 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
575 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
576 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
577 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
578 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
579 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
580 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
581 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
582 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
583 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
584 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
585 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
586 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
587 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
588 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
589 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
590 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
591 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
592 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
593 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
594 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
595 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
596 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
597 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
598 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
599 # 1977 Nil
600 # 1978 Nil
601 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
602 # 1980 to Now Nil
603 # The page does not give start or end times of day.
604 # The page does not give a start date for 1942.
605 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
606 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
607 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
608 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
609
610 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
611 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
612 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
613 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
614 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
615 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
616 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
617 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
618 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
619 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
620 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
621 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
622 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
623 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
624 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
625 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
626 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
627 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
628 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
629 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
630 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
631 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
632 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
633 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
634 8:00 HK HK%sT
635
636 ###############################################################################
637
638 # Taiwan
639
640 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
641 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
642 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
643 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
644
645 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
646 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
647 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
648 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
649 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
650 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
651 # found on Wikisource:
652 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
653 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
654 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
655 # declared officially.
656 #
657 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
658 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
659 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
660 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
661 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
662 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
663 # (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
664 # be found on Wikisource:
665 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
666 #
667 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
668
669 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
670 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
671 # back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
672 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
673 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another
674 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
675 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
676 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
677 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
678 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
679 # that:
680 #
681 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
682 # the time at 135E (GMT+9)
683 #
684 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
685 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
686 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
687 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
688 #
689 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
690 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
691 # Time.
692 #
693 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
694 # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
695 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
696 # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
697 # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
698 # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
699
700 # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
701 # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
702 # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General
703 # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
704 # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
705 # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
706 # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more
707 # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
708 # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
709 # would be a good one.
710 # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
711 # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
712
713 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
714 # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
715 # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
716 #
717 # Original Bulletin:
718 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
719 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
720 #
721 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
722 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
723 #
724 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
725 #
726 # Here is a brief translation:
727 #
728 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
729 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
730 # adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
731 #
732 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
733 # be found from historical government announcement database.
734
735 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
736 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
737 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
738 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
739
740 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
741 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
742 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
743 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
744 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
745 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
746 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
747 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
748 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
749 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
750 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
751 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
752 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
753 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
754 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
755 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
756
757 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
758 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
759 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
760 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1
761 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00
762 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
763
764 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
765 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
766 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
767 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 S
768 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
769 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
770 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
771 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 S
772 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
773 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 S
774 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
775 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
776 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 S
777 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 D
778 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
779 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
780 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
781 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
782 8:00 Macau C%sT
783
784
785 ###############################################################################
786
787 # Cyprus
788
789 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
790 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
791
792 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09):
793 # Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's
794 # lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round.
795 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/
796 #
797 # From Even Scharning (2016-10-31):
798 # Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night.
799 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/
800
801 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
802 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
803 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
804 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
805 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
806 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
807 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
808 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
809 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
810 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
811 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
812 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
813 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
814 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
815 Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
816 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
817 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8
818 3:00 - +03
819
820 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
821 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
822 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
823
824 # Georgia
825 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
826 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
827 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
828 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
829 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
830 #
831 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
832 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
833 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
834 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
835 #
836 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
837 #
838 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
839 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
840 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
841 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
842 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
843 # of integration into Europe.
844
845 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
846 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
847 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
848 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
849 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
850 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
851 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
852 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
853 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
854
855 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
856 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
857 # Go with Byalokoz.
858
859 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
860 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
861 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
862 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
863 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
864 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992
865 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun
866 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun
867 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun
868 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27
869 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
870 4:00 - +04
871
872 # East Timor
873
874 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
875
876 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
877 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
878 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
879 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
880 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
881 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
882 # conflicts with their way of life.
883
884 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
885 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
886 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
887
888 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
889 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
890 # (2000-08-16):
891 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
892 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
893 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
894 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
895
896 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
897 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
898 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00
899 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3
900 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00
901 9:00 - +09
902
903 # India
904
905 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
906 # http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
907 # (2015-12-22):
908 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
909 # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of
910 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this
911 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century.
912
913 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
914 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
915 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
916 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15
917 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
918 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
919 5:30 - IST
920 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
921 # Andaman Is
922 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
923 # Nicobar Is
924
925 # Indonesia
926 #
927 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
928 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
929 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
930 #
931 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
932 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
933 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
934 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
935 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
936 #
937 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
938 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
939 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
940 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
941 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
942 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
943 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
944 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
945 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
946 # from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
947 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
948 # switched on 1945-09-23.
949 #
950 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
951 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
952 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
953 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
954 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
955 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
956 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
957 # The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
958 #
959 # WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
960 # WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
961 # WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
962 #
963 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
964 # Java, Sumatra
965 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
966 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
967 # but this must be a typo.
968 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
969 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov
970 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23
971 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
972 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
973 8:00 - +08 1950 May
974 7:30 - +0730 1964
975 7:00 - WIB
976 # west and central Borneo
977 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
978 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
979 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29
980 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
981 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
982 8:00 - +08 1950 May
983 7:30 - +0730 1964
984 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
985 7:00 - WIB
986 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
987 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
988 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
989 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9
990 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
991 8:00 - WITA
992 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
993 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
994 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1
995 9:30 - +0930 1964
996 9:00 - WIT
997
998 # Iran
999
1000 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
1001 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
1002 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
1003 #
1004 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
1005 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
1006 #
1007 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
1008 #
1009 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
1010 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
1011 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
1012 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
1013 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
1014 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
1015 #
1016 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
1017 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
1018 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
1019 # Shahrivar.
1020 #
1021 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
1022 #
1023 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
1024 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
1025 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
1026 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
1027 #
1028 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
1029 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
1030 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
1031 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
1032 # plan to change that law....
1033 #
1034 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1035 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
1036 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
1037 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
1038 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
1039 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
1040 #
1041 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
1042 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
1043 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
1044 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
1045 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
1046 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
1047 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
1048 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
1049 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
1050 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
1051 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
1052 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
1053 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
1054 #
1055 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
1056 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
1057 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
1058 #
1059 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
1060 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
1061 # daylight saving time ...
1062 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
1063 #
1064 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
1065 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
1066 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
1067 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
1068 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
1069 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
1070 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
1071 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
1072 #
1073 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1074 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1075 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
1076 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
1077 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
1078 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
1079 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1080 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1081 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1082 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1083 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1084 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1085 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1086 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1087 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1088 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1089 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1090 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1091 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1092 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1093 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1094 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1095 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1096 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1097 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1098 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1099 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1100 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1101 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1102 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1103 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1104 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1105 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1106 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1107 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1108 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1109 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1110 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1111 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1112 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1113 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1114 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1115 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1116 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1117 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1118 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1119 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1120 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1121 #
1122 # The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
1123 # These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
1124 # restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.
1125 # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
1126 # possibly Iran will change the rules first.
1127 Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1128 Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1129
1130 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1131 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
1132 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
1133 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov
1134 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979
1135 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430
1136
1137
1138 # Iraq
1139 #
1140 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
1141 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1142 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1143 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1144 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1145 #
1146 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1147 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1148 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
1149 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
1150 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
1151 #
1152 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
1153
1154 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
1155 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
1156 # news sources (in Arabic):
1157 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
1158 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
1159 #
1160 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
1161 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1162
1163 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1164 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1165 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1166 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1167 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1168 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
1169 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
1170 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
1171 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1172 #
1173 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
1174 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
1175 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1176 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1177 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1178 3:00 - +03 1982 May
1179 3:00 Iraq +03/+04
1180
1181
1182 ###############################################################################
1183
1184 # Israel
1185
1186 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1187 #
1188 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1189 # different abbreviations in use:
1190 #
1191 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
1192 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
1193 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
1194 #
1195 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1196 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1197 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1198 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1199 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1200 # settings in Israeli computers.
1201 #
1202 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1203 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1204 # family is from India).
1205
1206 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1207 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1208 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1209 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1210 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1211 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1212 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1213 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1214 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
1215 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1216 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
1217 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
1218 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1219 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1220 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1221 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
1222 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1223 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
1224 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
1225 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
1226 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
1227 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
1228 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
1229 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
1230 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
1231 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
1232 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
1233 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
1234 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
1235 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1236 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
1237 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
1238 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
1239 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
1240 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
1241 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1242 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
1243 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
1244 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
1245 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1246
1247 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
1248 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
1249 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
1250 # ends and changes to Sunday.
1251 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
1252 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
1253
1254 # From Ephraim Silverberg
1255 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1256 # and 2005-02-17):
1257
1258 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1259 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1260 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1261 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1262 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1263 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1264 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1265 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1266 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1267 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1268 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1269 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1270 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1271 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1272 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1273 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1274 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1275 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1276 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1277 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1278 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1279 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1280
1281 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1282 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1283 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1284 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
1285 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
1286 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
1287 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
1288 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
1289 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1290 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1291 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1292
1293 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1294 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1295 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1296
1297 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1298 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1299 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1300 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1301 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1302
1303 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1304 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1305 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1306 #
1307 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1308 #
1309 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1310 #
1311 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1312 #
1313 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1314 #
1315 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
1316
1317 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1318 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
1319 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1320 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1321 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1322 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
1323 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1324 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
1325 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
1326
1327 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
1328 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
1329 # years 2001-2004 as well.
1330 #
1331 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
1332 #
1333 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
1334 #
1335 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
1336 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
1337 #
1338 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
1339
1340 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1341 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1342 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
1343 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
1344 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
1345 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
1346 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
1347 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
1348 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
1349 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
1350 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
1351
1352 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
1353 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
1354 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
1355 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
1356 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
1357 #
1358 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
1359 #
1360 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
1361
1362 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
1363 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
1364 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
1365 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
1366 # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
1367 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
1368 # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
1369 #
1370 # Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1371 #
1372 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
1373 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
1374 # springtime transitions explicitly.
1375
1376 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1377 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1378 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1379 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1380 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1381 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1382 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
1383 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1384 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1385 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1386 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1387 Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1388 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
1389
1390 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
1391 # On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the
1392 # Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading
1393 # in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third
1394 # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
1395 #
1396 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
1397 # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
1398
1399 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1400 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
1401 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1402
1403 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1404 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
1405 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1406 2:00 Zion I%sT
1407
1408
1409
1410 ###############################################################################
1411
1412 # Japan
1413
1414 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
1415
1416 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1417 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1418 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
1419 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
1420
1421 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
1422 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
1423 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1424 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1425 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1426 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1427 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1428 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1429 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1430 # wanted to keep it.)
1431
1432 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1433 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1434 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1435 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1436 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1437 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1438 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1439 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1440 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1441 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1442 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1443
1444 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1445 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1446 # Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s),
1447 # 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
1448 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1449 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1450 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1451 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1452
1453 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1454 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1455 # which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
1456 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1457 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1458 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
1459 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1460 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1461 # standard....
1462 #
1463 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1464 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1465
1466 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
1467 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
1468 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1469 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1470 #
1471 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
1472 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1473 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1474 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1475
1476 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1477 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1478 9:00 Japan J%sT
1479 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1480
1481 # Jordan
1482 #
1483 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
1484 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1485 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1486 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1487 # all year round.
1488 #
1489 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
1490 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1491 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1492 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1493 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1494 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1495 #
1496 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1497 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1498 #
1499 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1500 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1501 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1502 #
1503 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1504 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1505 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1506 #
1507
1508 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1509 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1510 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1511 #
1512 # Google's translation:
1513 #
1514 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1515 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1516 # > of the month of March of each year.
1517 #
1518 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1519
1520 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1521 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1522
1523 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
1524 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
1525 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
1526 # until about the same time next year (at least).
1527 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
1528
1529 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
1530 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
1531 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
1532 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
1533 # Official, in Arabic:
1534 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
1535 # ... Our background/permalink about it
1536 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
1537 # ...
1538 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
1539 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
1540 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
1541
1542 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
1543 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
1544
1545 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1546 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1547 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1548 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1549 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1550 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1551 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1552 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1553 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1554 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1555 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1556 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1557 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1558 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1559 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1560 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1561 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1562 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1563 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1564 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1565 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1566 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1567 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1568 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1569 Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1570 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1571 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1572 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1573 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1574 Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 -
1575 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1576 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1577 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1578 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1579 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1580
1581
1582 # Kazakhstan
1583
1584 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
1585 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
1586 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1587 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1588 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1589 #
1590 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1591 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1592 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1593 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1594 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1595 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū,
1596 # Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1597 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1598 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1599
1600 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
1601 # Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/
1602 # produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan:
1603 #
1604 # 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR
1605 # from 1991-02-04 No. 20
1606 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545
1607 # removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR
1608 # starting with the last Sunday of March 1991.
1609 # It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR,
1610 # Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time.
1611 #
1612 # The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers
1613 # of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet
1614 # of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its
1615 # text.
1616 #
1617 # According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
1618 # (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
1619 # http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
1620 # transition to "summer" time:
1621 # Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova,
1622 # Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug
1623 # were to move clocks 1 hour forward.
1624 # Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik
1625 # SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts
1626 # of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards.
1627 # Other territories were to not move clocks.
1628 # When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be
1629 # moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding
1630 # Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan.
1631 #
1632 # Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
1633 # was one of such changes.
1634 #
1635 # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время
1636 # claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
1637 # Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
1638 # were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
1639 # forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards.
1640 # (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an
1641 # article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not
1642 # move clocks.)
1643 #
1644 # This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while
1645 # the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06
1646 # to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth
1647 # time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ...
1648 #
1649 # 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1650 # from 1992-01-13 No. 28
1651 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_
1652 # (text includes modification from the 1996 act)
1653 # introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian
1654 # 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated
1655 # according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks
1656 # on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at
1657 # 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was
1658 # located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the
1659 # border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk
1660 # oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth
1661 # time belt).
1662 #
1663 # This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for
1664 # Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from
1665 # +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk)....
1666 #
1667 # 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1668 # from 1992-03-27 No. 284
1669 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_
1670 # cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts
1671 # since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth
1672 # and the fifth time belts respectively.
1673 #
1674 # 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1675 # from 1994-09-23 No. 384
1676 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_
1677 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū
1678 # oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on
1679 # the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a
1680 # result)....
1681 #
1682 # 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1683 # from 1996-05-08 No. 575
1684 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_
1685 # amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead
1686 # of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act.
1687 #
1688 # 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1689 # from 1999-03-26 No. 305
1690 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_
1691 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the
1692 # last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth
1693 # time belt.
1694 #
1695 # This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05....
1696 #
1697 # 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1698 # from 2000-11-23 No. 1749
1699 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000
1700 # replaces the previous five documents.
1701 #
1702 # The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the
1703 # fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling
1704 # and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997
1705 # probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast
1706 # (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast
1707 # from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the
1708 # fourth time belt (no change in practice).
1709 #
1710 # 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1711 # from 2003-12-29 No. 1342
1712 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_
1713 # modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently.
1714 #
1715 # 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1716 # from 2004-07-20 No. 775
1717 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004
1718 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into
1719 # the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not
1720 # using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time
1721 # zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented
1722 # during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically
1723 # amended before implementation happened.
1724 #
1725 # 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1726 # from 2004-09-15 No. 1059
1727 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_
1728 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time"
1729 # (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the
1730 # 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan,
1731 # Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks
1732 # during the 2004 transition to "winter" time.
1733 #
1734 # This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no
1735 # zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
1736 # +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
1737 # and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....
1738 #
1739 # 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1740 # from 2005-03-15 No. 231
1741 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
1742 # removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
1743 # (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
1744 # acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
1745 # The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
1746 # time.
1747 #
1748 # Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
1749 # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
1750 # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
1751 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
1752
1753 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08):
1754 # Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay
1755 # oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone.
1756 # (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations
1757 # according to wikipedia.)
1758 #
1759 # [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/
1760 # suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on
1761 # 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand
1762 # how that could happen....
1763 #
1764 # [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree
1765 # (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html
1766 # and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in
1767 # the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03).
1768
1769 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
1770 # The tables below reflect Golosunov's remarks, with exceptions as noted.
1771
1772 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1773 #
1774 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1775 # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
1776 # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
1777 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1778 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
1779 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1780 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1781 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1782 6:00 - +06
1783 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
1784 # This currently includes Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS);
1785 # see comments below.
1786 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1787 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1788 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1789 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1790 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1791 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1792 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1793 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1794 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
1795 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1796 6:00 - +06
1797 # The following zone is like Asia/Qyzylorda except for being one
1798 # hour earlier from 1991-09-29 to 1992-03-29. The 1991/2 rules for
1799 # Qostanay are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
1800 # reorganization, so this zone is commented out for now.
1801 #Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
1802 # 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1803 # 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1804 # 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1805 # 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1806 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1807 # 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1808 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1809 # 6:00 - +06
1810 #
1811 # Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
1812 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1813 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1814 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1815 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1816 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1817 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1818 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1819 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1820 5:00 - +05
1821 # Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN)
1822 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1823 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1824 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1825 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1826 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
1827 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1828 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1829 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1830 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
1831 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1832 5:00 - +05
1833 # Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from
1834 # +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994.
1835 Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2
1836 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
1837 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
1838 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1839 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1840 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1841 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s
1842 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1843 5:00 - +05
1844 # West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
1845 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1846 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1847 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1848 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
1849 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1850 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1851 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1852 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1853 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1854 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
1855 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1856 5:00 - +05
1857
1858 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1859 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1860
1861 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1862 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1863 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
1864 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1865 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1866 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1867 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1868 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1869
1870 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1871 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1872 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1873 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1874 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1875 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1876 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1877 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
1878 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1879 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00
1880 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12
1881 6:00 - +06
1882
1883 ###############################################################################
1884
1885 # Korea (North and South)
1886
1887 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
1888 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
1889 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
1890 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
1891 # between 1987 and 1988 ...
1892
1893 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
1894 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
1895 # According to the Korean Wikipedia
1896 # http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
1897 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
1898 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
1899 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
1900 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
1901 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
1902 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
1903
1904 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1905 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1906 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1907 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
1908 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1909 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1910 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1911 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
1912 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1913 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1914 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1915 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1916 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S
1917 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1918 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
1919
1920 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
1921 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
1922 #
1923 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
1924 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
1925 # (Announcement No. 338)
1926 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
1927 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
1928 #
1929 # (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
1930 # edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
1931 #
1932 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
1933 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
1934 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1935 #
1936 # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
1937 # have no information otherwise.
1938
1939 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
1940 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
1941 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
1942 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
1943 #
1944 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
1945 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
1946 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
1947 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
1948 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
1949 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
1950
1951 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1952 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1953 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1954 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1955 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1956 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1957 9:00 ROK K%sT
1958 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1959 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1960 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
1961 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00
1962 8:30 - KST
1963
1964 ###############################################################################
1965
1966 # Kuwait
1967 # See Asia/Riyadh.
1968
1969 # Laos
1970 # See Asia/Bangkok.
1971
1972
1973 # Lebanon
1974 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1975 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1976 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1977 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1978 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1979 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1980 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1981 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1982 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1983 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1984 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1985 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1986 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1987 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1988 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1989 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1990 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1991 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1992 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1993 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1994 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1995 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1996 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1997 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1998 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1999 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2000 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
2001 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
2002
2003 # Malaysia
2004 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2005 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
2006 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
2007 #
2008 # peninsular Malaysia
2009 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2010 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2011 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2012 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2013 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2014 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
2015 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
2016 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
2017 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
2018 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2019 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
2020 8:00 - +08
2021 # Sabah & Sarawak
2022 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
2023 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
2024 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
2025 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2026 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
2027 7:30 - +0730 1933
2028 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16
2029 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2030 8:00 - +08
2031
2032 # Maldives
2033 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2034 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
2035 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
2036 5:00 - +05
2037
2038 # Mongolia
2039
2040 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
2041 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
2042 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
2043
2044 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
2045 # General Information Mongolia
2046 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
2047 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
2048 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
2049 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
2050 # eight hours."
2051
2052 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
2053 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
2054 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
2055 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
2056 # of implementation may have been different....
2057 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
2058 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
2059 # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
2060
2061 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
2062 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
2063 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
2064 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
2065 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
2066 # is good enough for our purposes.
2067
2068 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
2069 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
2070 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
2071 # there are three time zones.
2072 #
2073 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
2074 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
2075 # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
2076 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
2077 #
2078 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
2079
2080 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
2081 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
2082 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
2083 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
2084 #
2085 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
2086 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
2087 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
2088
2089 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
2090 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
2091 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
2092 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
2093 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
2094 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST.
2095 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
2096 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
2097 # He also found
2098 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
2099 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
2100 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
2101 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
2102 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
2103 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
2104 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
2105 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
2106
2107 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
2108 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
2109 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
2110 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
2111
2112 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
2113 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
2114 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
2115 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
2116 # database on this, e.g.:
2117 #
2118 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
2119 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
2120 #
2121 # both say GMT+08:00.
2122
2123 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
2124 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
2125 # schedule here:
2126 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
2127 # (click the English flag for English)
2128 #
2129 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
2130 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
2131 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
2132 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
2133 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
2134 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
2135
2136 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2137 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
2138 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
2139 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
2140 # this is almost surely wrong.
2141
2142 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
2143 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
2144 # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
2145 # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
2146 # September daylight saving time ends. Source:
2147 # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
2148
2149 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2150 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2151 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2152 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
2153 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
2154 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
2155 #
2156 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
2157 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
2158 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
2159 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
2160 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
2161 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
2162
2163 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09):
2164 # Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight
2165 # saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192
2166
2167 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
2168 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2169 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
2170 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2171 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
2172 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2173 Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2174 Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
2175
2176 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2177 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
2178 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
2179 6:00 - +06 1978
2180 7:00 Mongol +07/+08
2181 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
2182 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
2183 7:00 - +07 1978
2184 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
2185 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
2186 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
2187 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
2188 7:00 - +07 1978
2189 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr
2190 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31
2191 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
2192
2193 # Nepal
2194 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2195 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
2196 5:30 - +0530 1986
2197 5:45 - +0545
2198
2199 # Oman
2200 # See Asia/Dubai.
2201
2202 # Pakistan
2203
2204 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
2205 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
2206 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
2207 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
2208 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
2209 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
2210
2211 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
2212 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
2213 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
2214 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
2215 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
2216 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
2217 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
2218 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
2219 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
2220 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
2221 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
2222
2223 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
2224 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
2225 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
2226
2227 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
2228 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
2229 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
2230 #
2231 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
2232 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
2233 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
2234 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
2235 #
2236 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
2237 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
2238
2239 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
2240 #
2241 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
2242 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
2243 #
2244 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
2245 # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
2246 # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
2247 #
2248 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
2249 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
2250
2251 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2252 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
2253
2254 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2255 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
2256 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
2257 # instead of August 31.
2258 #
2259 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
2260 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
2261
2262 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
2263 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
2264 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
2265 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
2266 # official working."
2267 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
2268 #
2269 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
2270 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
2271 #
2272 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
2273 # April 08, 2009
2274 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
2275 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
2276 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
2277 #
2278 # ....
2279 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
2280 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
2281 # conserve energy"
2282
2283 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
2284 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
2285 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
2286 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
2287 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
2288 # this regard."
2289 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
2290
2291 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
2292 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
2293 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
2294 # October 1, 2009.
2295 #
2296 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
2297 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
2298 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
2299 #
2300 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
2301 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
2302 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
2303 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
2304 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
2305 # Monday."
2306 #
2307 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
2308 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
2309 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
2310 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
2311 #
2312 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
2313 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
2314 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
2315
2316 # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
2317 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
2318 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
2319
2320 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
2321 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2322 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
2323 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
2324 # >
2325 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
2326 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
2327 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
2328 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
2329 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
2330 #
2331 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
2332 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
2333 #
2334 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
2335 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
2336
2337 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2338 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
2339 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2340 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2341 Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2342 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
2343
2344 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2345 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
2346 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
2347 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
2348 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30
2349 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26
2350 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
2351
2352 # Palestine
2353
2354 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
2355 #
2356 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
2357 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
2358 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
2359 #
2360 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
2361 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
2362 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
2363 # though.
2364 #
2365 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
2366 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
2367 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
2368 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
2369 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
2370 # East Jerusalem.
2371 #
2372 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
2373 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
2374 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
2375 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
2376 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
2377 #
2378 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
2379 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
2380 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
2381 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
2382 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
2383 # Jordanian one).
2384 #
2385 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
2386 #
2387 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
2388 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
2389 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
2390 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
2391 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
2392 #
2393 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
2394 # have one).
2395
2396 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2397 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
2398 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
2399 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2400 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2401 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2402 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2403 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2404 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2405 # to Palestine's rules.
2406
2407 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2408 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2409 #
2410 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2411 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2412 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2413 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2414
2415 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2416 # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
2417 # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
2418 # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2419 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2420 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2421 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2422 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2423
2424 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2425 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2426
2427 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2428 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2429 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2430 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2431 # earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
2432
2433 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2434 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2435 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2436 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
2437 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2438 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2439 # the West Bank.
2440
2441 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2442 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2443 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2444 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2445 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
2446 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2447 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2448 # because of the Ramadan.
2449
2450 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2451 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2452 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2453
2454 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2455 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2456 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2457 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2458 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2459 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2460
2461 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2462 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2463 #
2464 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2465 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2466 #
2467 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2468 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2469 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2470
2471 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2472 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2473 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2474 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2475 #
2476 # (in Arabic)
2477 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2478 #
2479 # (English translation)
2480 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2481
2482 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2483 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2484 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2485 #
2486 # One news source:
2487 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2488 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2489 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2490 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2491 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2492 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2493 #
2494 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2495 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
2496 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2497
2498 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2499 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2500 #
2501 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2502 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2503 #
2504 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2505 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
2506 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2507 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2508
2509 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
2510 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
2511 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
2512 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
2513 #
2514 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
2515 # (in Arabic)
2516 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
2517
2518 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
2519 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
2520 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
2521 # noon though:
2522 #
2523 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
2524 # (Ma'an News Agency)
2525 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
2526 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
2527
2528 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
2529 # According to several sources, including
2530 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
2531 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
2532 # Gaza and the West Bank.
2533 # Some more background info:
2534 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
2535
2536 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
2537 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
2538 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
2539 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
2540 # Ramadan.
2541 #
2542 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
2543 # Additional info:
2544 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
2545
2546 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
2547 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
2548 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
2549 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
2550 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
2551 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
2552 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
2553 # ...
2554 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
2555 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
2556 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
2557
2558 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
2559 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
2560 # 00:00).
2561 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
2562 #
2563 # Many sources, including:
2564 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
2565
2566 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2567 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
2568 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
2569 # Some of many sources in Arabic:
2570 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
2571 #
2572 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
2573 #
2574 # Our brief summary:
2575 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
2576
2577 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
2578 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
2579 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
2580 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
2581 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
2582 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
2583
2584 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
2585 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
2586 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
2587 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
2588 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
2589 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
2590 # official source...:
2591 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
2592
2593 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
2594 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
2595 # and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
2596 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
2597 #
2598 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
2599 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
2600 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
2601
2602 # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
2603 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
2604 # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
2605 # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
2606 # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
2607 #
2608 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12):
2609 # Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
2610
2611 # From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19):
2612 # [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
2613 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
2614 # states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
2615 #
2616 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19):
2617 # Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
2618 # This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring
2619 # predictions.
2620 #
2621 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19):
2622 # It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today:
2623 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
2624 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
2625
2626 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2627 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2628 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2629 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2630 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2631 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2632 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2633
2634 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2635 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2636 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2637 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2638 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2639 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2640 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2641 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2642 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2643 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
2644 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2645 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2646 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
2647 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2648 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
2649 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2650 Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
2651 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
2652 Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2653 Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2654 Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S
2655 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar lastSat 1:00 1:00 S
2656 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 -
2657
2658 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2659 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2660 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
2661 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2662 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2663 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2664 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
2665 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
2666 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
2667 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
2668 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
2669 2:00 - EET 2012
2670 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2671
2672 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2673 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
2674 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2675 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2676 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2677 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2678
2679 # Paracel Is
2680 # no information
2681
2682 # Philippines
2683 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
2684 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2685 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
2686 # History of the International Date Line
2687 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
2688 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2689
2690 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2691 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2692 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2693 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2694 # but no details]
2695
2696 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
2697 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
2698 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
2699 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
2700 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
2701 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
2702 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
2703
2704 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2705 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2706 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2707 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2708 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2709 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2710 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2711 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2712 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2713 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2714 8:00 Phil +08/+09 1942 May
2715 9:00 - +09 1944 Nov
2716 8:00 Phil +08/+09
2717
2718 # Qatar
2719 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2720 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2721 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
2722 3:00 - +03
2723 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
2724
2725 # Saudi Arabia
2726 #
2727 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
2728 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
2729 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
2730 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
2731 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
2732 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
2733 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
2734 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
2735 #
2736 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
2737 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
2738 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
2739 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
2740 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
2741 # earlier date.
2742 #
2743 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
2744 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
2745 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
2746 #
2747 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2748 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
2749 3:00 - +03
2750 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
2751 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
2752
2753 # Singapore
2754 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2755 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2756 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2757 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2758 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2759 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
2760 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
2761 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
2762 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
2763 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2764 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
2765 8:00 - +08
2766
2767 # Spratly Is
2768 # no information
2769
2770 # Sri Lanka
2771
2772 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2773 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
2774 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
2775 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
2776 # Shanks and Pottenger.
2777
2778 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2779 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2780 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
2781 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2782 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2783 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
2784 #
2785 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2786 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
2787 # <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26):
2788 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2789 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2790
2791 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2792 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2793 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2794 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2795
2796 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2797 # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
2798 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2799 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2800 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2801 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2802 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2803 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2804
2805 # From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):
2806 # According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,
2807 # Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka
2808 # standard time is SLST.
2809 #
2810 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):
2811 # "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time
2812 # zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of
2813 # it in the International Business Times of India in February and
2814 # March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing
2815 # since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in
2816 # other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is
2817 # even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
2818 # switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
2819
2820 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2821 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2822 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2823 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5
2824 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep
2825 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2826 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00
2827 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2828 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2829 5:30 - +0530
2830
2831 # Syria
2832 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2833 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2834 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2835 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2836 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2837 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2838 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2839 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2840 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2841 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2842 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2843 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2844 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2845 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2846 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2847 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2848 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2849 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2850 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
2851 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
2852 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2853 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2854 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
2855 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2856 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2857 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2858 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
2859 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2860 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2861 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2862 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2863 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2864 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2865 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2866 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2867 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2868 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2869 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2870 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2871 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2872 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2873 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2874 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2875 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2876 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2877 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2878 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2879 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
2880 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2881 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
2882 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
2883 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2884 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2885 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2886 #
2887 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2888 # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
2889 #
2890 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2891 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2892 #
2893 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2894 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2895 #
2896 # which using Google's translate tools says:
2897 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2898 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2899 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2900 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2901
2902 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2903 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2904 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
2905 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2906 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2907 # Variation
2908 # Syrian Arab
2909 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2910 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2911 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2912
2913 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2914 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2915 # Agency (SANA)...
2916 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2917 # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2918 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2919 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2920 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2921 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2922
2923 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2924 # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2925 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2926 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2927 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2928
2929 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2930 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2931 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2932 #
2933 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2934 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2935 # clocks back 60 minutes).
2936 #
2937 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2938
2939 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2940 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2941 # two examples:
2942 #
2943 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2944 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2945 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2946 # (Arabic, gov-site)
2947 #
2948 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2949 #
2950 # Our summary
2951 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2952
2953 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2954 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2955 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2956 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2957 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2958
2959 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2960 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2961 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2962 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2963
2964 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
2965 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
2966 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
2967 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
2968 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
2969
2970 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2971 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
2972 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
2973 #
2974 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
2975 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
2976 #
2977 # Our brief summary:
2978 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
2979
2980 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2981 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
2982
2983 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2984 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2985 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2986 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2987 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2988 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2989
2990 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2991 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2992 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2993
2994 # Tajikistan
2995 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2996 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2997 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2998 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2999 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3000 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
3001 5:00 - +05
3002
3003 # Thailand
3004 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3005 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
3006 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
3007 7:00 - +07
3008 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
3009 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
3010
3011 # Turkmenistan
3012 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
3013 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3014 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
3015 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
3016 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3017 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00
3018 5:00 - +05
3019
3020 # United Arab Emirates
3021 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3022 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
3023 4:00 - +04
3024 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
3025
3026 # Uzbekistan
3027 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
3028 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3029 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
3030 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
3031 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
3032 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
3033 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
3034 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
3035 5:00 - +05
3036 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
3037 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
3038 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
3039 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3040 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
3041 5:00 - +05
3042
3043 # Vietnam
3044
3045 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
3046 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
3047 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
3048 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
3049 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
3050
3051 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
3052 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
3053 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
3054
3055 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
3056 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
3057 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
3058 # is quoted verbatim in:
3059 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
3060 # is translated by Brian Inglis in:
3061 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
3062 # and is the basis for the information below.
3063 #
3064 # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
3065 # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris.
3066 # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
3067 # the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
3068 # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
3069 # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
3070 # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
3071 #
3072 # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
3073 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
3074 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
3075 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
3076 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
3077 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
3078 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
3079 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
3080 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
3081 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
3082 #
3083 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
3084 #
3085 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
3086 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
3087 #
3088 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
3089 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
3090 #
3091 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
3092 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
3093
3094 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3095 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
3096 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT
3097 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
3098 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
3099 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
3100 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
3101 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1
3102 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00
3103 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13
3104 7:00 - +07
3105
3106 # Yemen
3107 # See Asia/Riyadh.