12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
14 # accompanied this code).
15 #
16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
19 #
20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
22 # questions.
23 #
24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
26
27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
31
32 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
33 #
34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
38 #
39 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
40 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
42 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
43 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
44 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
45 #
46 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
47 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
48 #
49 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
50 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
51 #
52 # Other sources occasionally used include:
53 #
54 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
55 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
56 # which I found in the UCLA library.
57 #
58 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
59 # <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
60 # [PDF] (1914-03)
62 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
63 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
64 # "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
65 # may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
66 # Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
67 #
68 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
69 # This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
70 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
71 # The full Russian citation is:
72 # Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток
73 # введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го
74 # июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
75 # Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
76 # http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
77 #
78 # Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
79 # History of Summer Time
80 # <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
81 # (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
82
83 #
84 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
85 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
86 # Corrections are welcome!
87 # std dst 2dst
88 # LMT Local Mean Time
89 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
90 # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
91 # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
92 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
93 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
94 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
95 # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
96 # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
97 # 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
98 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
99 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
100 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
101 # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
102
103 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
104 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
105 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
106 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
107 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
108 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
109 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
110 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
111 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
112 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
113 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
114 # ...
115 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
116 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
117 # ...
118 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
119 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
120 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
121 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
481 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
482 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
483 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
484 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
485 # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
486 #
487 # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
488
489 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
490 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
491 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
492 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
493 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
494 0:00 EU GMT/BST
495 Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
496 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
497 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
498
499 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
500 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
501 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
502 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
503 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
504 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
505 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
506 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
507 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
508 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
509 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
510 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
511 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
512 0:00 EU GMT/IST
513
514 ###############################################################################
515
516 # Europe
517
518 # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
519 # Common Market, etc.
520
521 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1070 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
1071 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
1072 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
1073
1074 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
1075 # "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named
1076 # "National Park" by Executive Order:
1077 # http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf
1078 # It is their only National Park.
1079 #
1080 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1081 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1082 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1083 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1084 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1085 Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1086 Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1087 #
1088 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1089 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1090 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1091 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996
1092 0:00 - GMT
1093 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
1094 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1095 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
1096 -1:00 EU EG%sT
1097 Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
1098 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1099 -3:00 EU WG%sT
1100 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
1101 -4:00 Thule A%sT
1102
1103 # Estonia
1104 #
1105 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1106 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1107 #
1108 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
1109 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1110 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1111 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1112 #
1113 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
1114 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
1115 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
1116 # "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
1117 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
1118 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
1119 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
1494 Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1495 Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1496 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 S
1497 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 -
1498 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
1499 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 -
1500 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1501 Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 -
1502 Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 S
1503 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1504 Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1505 Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1506 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1507 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1508 # 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
1509 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1510 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1511 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1512 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1513 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
1514 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1515 0:00 - GMT
1516
1517 # Italy
1518 #
1519 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1520 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1521 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1522 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1523 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1524 # so record only the time in Rome.
1525 #
1526 # From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24):
1527 # http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10
1528 # ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into
1529 # force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in
1530 # the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...."
1531 #
1532 # From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20):
1533 # The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological
1534 # institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at
1958 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1959 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1960 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1961 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
1962 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
1963 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1964 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1965 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1966 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1967 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1968 Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1969 Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1970 Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1971 Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1972 #
1973 # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
1974 # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
1975 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1976 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
1977 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
1978 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
1979 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1980 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1981 1:00 EU CE%sT
1982
1983 # Norway
1984 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
1985 # Pottenger.
1986 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1987 Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1988 Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1989 Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1990 Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1991 Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1992 Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1993 Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1994 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1995 Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
1996 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1997 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1998 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
2175 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
2176 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
2177 Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
2178 Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
2179 Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
2180 Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
2181 Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2182 Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2183 Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
2184 Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
2185 #
2186 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2187 Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
2188 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
2189 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2190 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
2191 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2192 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2193 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
2194 0:00 EU WE%sT
2195 Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
2196 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time
2197 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
2198 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2199 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2200 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
2201 -1:00 EU AZO%sT
2202 Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
2203 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time
2204 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
2205 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2206 0:00 EU WE%sT
2207
2208 # Romania
2209 #
2210 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
2211 # Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
2212 # (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
2213 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
2214 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
2215 # the same year as Bulgaria.
2216 #
2217 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2218 Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
2219 Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
2220 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
2221 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
2222 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2223 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
2224 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2542 #
2543 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
2544 # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
2545 # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
2546 # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
2547 # Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
2548
2549 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
2550 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
2551 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2552 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
2553 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2554 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2555 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2556 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2557 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2558 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2559 3:00 - MSK
2560
2561
2562 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2563 # Europe/Simferopol covers...
2564 # ** **** Crimea, Republic of
2565 # ** **** Sevastopol
2566
2567 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2568 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2569 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2570 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2571 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2572 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2573 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2574 2:00 - EET 1992
2575 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
2576 #
2577 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2578 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
2579 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2580 # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
2581 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
2582 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
2583 # changed in May.
2584 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2585 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
3238 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
3239 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
3240 # Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
3241 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
3242 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
3243 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
3244 1:00 EU CE%sT
3245 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
3246 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
3247 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
3248 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
3249 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
3250
3251 # Slovakia
3252 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
3253
3254 # Slovenia
3255 # See Europe/Belgrade.
3256
3257 # Spain
3258 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3259 # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
3260 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3261 Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
3262 Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
3263 Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
3264 Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
3265 # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3266 Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
3267 # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3268 Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
3269 Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
3270 # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3271 Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
3272 Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
3273 Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
3274 Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
3275 # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
3276 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3277 Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
3278 Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
3279 Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
3280 Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
3281 Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
3282 # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3283 Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
3284 Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
3285 Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
3286 Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
3287 Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
3288 Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
3289 Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
3290 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
3291 Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
3292 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
3293 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
3294 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
3295 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
3296 Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
3297 Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
3298 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
3299 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
3300 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3301 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
3302 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
3303 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3304 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
3305 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3306 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3307 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
3308 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3309 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s
3310 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
3311 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
3312 1:00 EU CE%sT
3313 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
3314 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
3315 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
3316 0:00 - WET 1924
3317 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
3318 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
3319 1:00 - CET 1986
3320 1:00 EU CE%sT
3321 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
3322 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T
3323 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
3324 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u
3325 0:00 EU WE%sT
3326 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
3327 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
3328
3329 # Sweden
3330
3331 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
3332 #
3333 # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
3334 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
3335 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
3336 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
3337 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
3338 #
3339 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
3340 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
3341 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
3342 #
3715 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
3716 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
3717 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
3718 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
3719 1:00 - CET 1940
3720 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
3721 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
3722 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
3723 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
3724 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3725 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
3726 2:00 - EET 1992
3727 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3728 2:00 EU EE%sT
3729 # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
3730 # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3731 # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English
3732 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
3733 # portable Posix file names.
3734 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
3735 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
3736 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3737 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
3738 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
3739 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3740 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3741 2:00 EU EE%sT
3742
3743 # Vatican City
3744 # See Europe/Rome.
3745
3746 ###############################################################################
3747
3748 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
3749 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
3750 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
3751 #
3752 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
3753 # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
3754 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
3755 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
|
12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
14 # accompanied this code).
15 #
16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
19 #
20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
22 # questions.
23 #
24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
26
27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
31
32 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
33 #
34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
38 #
39 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
40 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
42 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
43 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
44 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
45 #
46 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
47 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
48 #
49 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
50 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
51 #
52 # Other sources occasionally used include:
53 #
54 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
55 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
56 # which I found in the UCLA library.
57 #
58 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
59 # <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
60 # [PDF] (1914-03)
62 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
63 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
64 # "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
65 # may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
66 # Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
67 #
68 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
69 # This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
70 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
71 # The full Russian citation is:
72 # Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток
73 # введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го
74 # июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
75 # Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
76 # http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
77 #
78 # Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
79 # History of Summer Time
80 # <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
81 # (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
82 #
83 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
84 # the rest are variants of the "xMT" pattern for a city's mean time,
85 # or are from other sources. Corrections are welcome!
86 # std dst 2dst
87 # LMT Local Mean Time
88 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
89 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
90 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
91 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
92 # 0:19:32.13 AMT* NST* Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)
93 # 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
94 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
95 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)
96 # 1:36:34 RMT* LST* Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)*
97 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
98 # 3:00 MSK MSD MDST* Moscow
99
100 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
101 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
102 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
103 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
104 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
105 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
106 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
107 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
108 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
109 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
110 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
111 # ...
112 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
113 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
114 # ...
115 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
116 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
117 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
118 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
478 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
479 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
480 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
481 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
482 # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
483 #
484 # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
485
486 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
487 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
488 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
489 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
490 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
491 0:00 EU GMT/BST
492 Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
493 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
494 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
495
496 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
497 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
498 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
499 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
500 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
501 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
502 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
503 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
504 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
505 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
506 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
507 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
508 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
509 0:00 EU GMT/IST
510
511 ###############################################################################
512
513 # Europe
514
515 # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
516 # Common Market, etc.
517
518 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1067 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
1068 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
1069 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
1070
1071 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
1072 # "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named
1073 # "National Park" by Executive Order:
1074 # http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf
1075 # It is their only National Park.
1076 #
1077 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1078 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1079 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1080 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1081 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1082 Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1083 Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1084 #
1085 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1086 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1087 -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1088 -3:00 EU -03/-02 1996
1089 0:00 - GMT
1090 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
1091 -2:00 - -02 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1092 -2:00 C-Eur -02/-01 1981 Mar 29
1093 -1:00 EU -01/+00
1094 Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
1095 -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1096 -3:00 EU -03/-02
1097 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
1098 -4:00 Thule A%sT
1099
1100 # Estonia
1101 #
1102 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1103 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1104 #
1105 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
1106 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1107 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1108 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1109 #
1110 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
1111 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
1112 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
1113 # "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
1114 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
1115 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
1116 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
1491 Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1492 Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1493 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 S
1494 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 -
1495 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
1496 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 -
1497 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1498 Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 -
1499 Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 S
1500 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1501 Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1502 Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1503 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1504 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1505 # 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
1506 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1507 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1508 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1509 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1510 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
1511 -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1512 0:00 - GMT
1513
1514 # Italy
1515 #
1516 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1517 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1518 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1519 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1520 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1521 # so record only the time in Rome.
1522 #
1523 # From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24):
1524 # http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10
1525 # ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into
1526 # force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in
1527 # the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...."
1528 #
1529 # From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20):
1530 # The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological
1531 # institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at
1955 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1956 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1957 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1958 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
1959 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
1960 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1961 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1962 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1963 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1964 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1965 Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1966 Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1967 Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1968 Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1969 #
1970 # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
1971 # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
1972 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1973 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
1974 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
1975 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00
1976 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1977 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1978 1:00 EU CE%sT
1979
1980 # Norway
1981 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
1982 # Pottenger.
1983 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1984 Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1985 Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1986 Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1987 Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1988 Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1989 Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1990 Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1991 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1992 Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
1993 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1994 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1995 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
2172 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
2173 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
2174 Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
2175 Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
2176 Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
2177 Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
2178 Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2179 Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2180 Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
2181 Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
2182 #
2183 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2184 Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
2185 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
2186 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2187 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
2188 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2189 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2190 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
2191 0:00 EU WE%sT
2192 # This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
2193 Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
2194 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time
2195 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
2196 -2:00 Port +00 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
2197 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
2198 -2:00 Port +00 1943 Aug 28 22:00s
2199 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1944 Apr 22 22:00s
2200 -2:00 Port +00 1944 Aug 26 22:00s
2201 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
2202 -2:00 Port +00 1945 Aug 25 22:00s
2203 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2204 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2205 -1:00 W-Eur -01/+00 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2206 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
2207 -1:00 EU -01/+00
2208 # This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
2209 Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
2210 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time
2211 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
2212 -1:00 Port +01 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
2213 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
2214 -1:00 Port +01 1943 Aug 28 22:00s
2215 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1944 Apr 22 22:00s
2216 -1:00 Port +01 1944 Aug 26 22:00s
2217 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
2218 -1:00 Port +01 1945 Aug 25 22:00s
2219 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2220 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2221 0:00 EU WE%sT
2222
2223 # Romania
2224 #
2225 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
2226 # Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
2227 # (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
2228 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
2229 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
2230 # the same year as Bulgaria.
2231 #
2232 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2233 Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
2234 Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
2235 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
2236 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
2237 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2238 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
2239 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2557 #
2558 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
2559 # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
2560 # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
2561 # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
2562 # Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
2563
2564 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
2565 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
2566 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2567 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
2568 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2569 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2570 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2571 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2572 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2573 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2574 3:00 - MSK
2575
2576
2577 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
2578 # Europe/Simferopol covers Crimea.
2579
2580 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2581 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2582 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2583 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2584 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2585 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2586 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2587 2:00 - EET 1992
2588 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
2589 #
2590 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2591 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
2592 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2593 # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
2594 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
2595 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
2596 # changed in May.
2597 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2598 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
3251 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
3252 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
3253 # Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
3254 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
3255 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
3256 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
3257 1:00 EU CE%sT
3258 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
3259 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
3260 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
3261 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
3262 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
3263
3264 # Slovakia
3265 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
3266
3267 # Slovenia
3268 # See Europe/Belgrade.
3269
3270 # Spain
3271 #
3272 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-14):
3273 #
3274 # The source for Europe/Madrid before 2013 is:
3275 # Planesas P. La hora oficial en España y sus cambios.
3276 # Anuario del Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid (2013, in Spanish).
3277 # http://astronomia.ign.es/rknowsys-theme/images/webAstro/paginas/documentos/Anuario/lahoraoficialenespana.pdf
3278 # As this source says that historical time in the Canaries is obscure,
3279 # and it does not discuss Ceuta, stick with Shanks for now for that data.
3280 #
3281 # In the 1918 and 1919 fallback transitions in Spain, the clock for
3282 # the hour-longer day officially kept going after midnight, so that
3283 # the repeated instances of that day's 00:00 hour were 24 hours apart,
3284 # with a fallback transition from the second occurrence of 00:59... to
3285 # the next day's 00:00. Our data format cannot represent this
3286 # directly, and instead repeats the first hour of the next day, with a
3287 # fallback transition from the next day's 00:59... to 00:00.
3288
3289 # From Michael Deckers (2016-12-15):
3290 # The Royal Decree of 1900-06-26 quoted by Planesas, online at
3291 # https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1900/209/A00383-00384.pdf
3292 # says in its article 5 (my translation):
3293 # These dispositions will enter into force beginning with the
3294 # instant at which, according to the time indicated in article 1,
3295 # the 1st day of January of 1901 will begin.
3296
3297 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3298 Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S
3299 Rule Spain 1918 1919 - Oct 6 24:00s 0 -
3300 Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 6 23:00 1:00 S
3301 Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00 1:00 S
3302 Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 24:00s 0 -
3303 Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
3304 Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 -
3305 Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
3306 Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
3307 Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
3308 # Republican Spain during the civil war; it controlled Madrid until 1939-03-28.
3309 Rule Spain 1937 only - Jun 16 23:00 1:00 S
3310 Rule Spain 1937 only - Oct 2 24:00s 0 -
3311 Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
3312 Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 30 23:00 2:00 M
3313 Rule Spain 1938 only - Oct 2 24:00 1:00 S
3314 # The following rules are for unified Spain again.
3315 #
3316 # Planesas does not say what happened in Madrid between its fall on
3317 # 1939-03-28 and the Nationalist spring-forward transition on
3318 # 1939-04-15. For lack of better info, assume Madrid's clocks did not
3319 # change during that period.
3320 #
3321 # The first rule is commented out, as it is redundant for Republican Spain.
3322 #Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S
3323 Rule Spain 1939 only - Oct 7 24:00s 0 -
3324 Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 23:00 1:00 S
3325 Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 1:00 0 -
3326 Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
3327 Rule Spain 1943 1944 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
3328 Rule Spain 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
3329 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
3330 Rule Spain 1949 only - Oct 2 1:00 0 -
3331 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=12 23:00 1:00 S
3332 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
3333 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
3334 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
3335 Rule Spain 1977 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
3336 Rule Spain 1978 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
3337 Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
3338 # Nationalist Spain during the civil war
3339 #Rule NatSpain 1937 only - May 22 23:00 1:00 S
3340 #Rule NatSpain 1937 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 -
3341 #Rule NatSpain 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00 1:00 S
3342 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
3343 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
3344 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3345 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
3346 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
3347 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3348 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
3349 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3350 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3351 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
3352 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3353 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:45:16
3354 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23:00
3355 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
3356 1:00 EU CE%sT
3357 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:38:44
3358 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
3359 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
3360 0:00 - WET 1924
3361 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
3362 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
3363 1:00 - CET 1986
3364 1:00 EU CE%sT
3365 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
3366 -1:00 - -01 1946 Sep 30 1:00
3367 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
3368 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u
3369 0:00 EU WE%sT
3370 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
3371 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
3372
3373 # Sweden
3374
3375 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
3376 #
3377 # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
3378 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
3379 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
3380 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
3381 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
3382 #
3383 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
3384 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
3385 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
3386 #
3759 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
3760 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
3761 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
3762 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
3763 1:00 - CET 1940
3764 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
3765 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
3766 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
3767 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
3768 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3769 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
3770 2:00 - EET 1992
3771 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3772 2:00 EU EE%sT
3773 # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
3774 # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3775 # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English
3776 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
3777 # portable Posix file names.
3778 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
3779 2:20 - +0220 1924 May 2
3780 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3781 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
3782 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
3783 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3784 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3785 2:00 EU EE%sT
3786
3787 # Vatican City
3788 # See Europe/Rome.
3789
3790 ###############################################################################
3791
3792 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
3793 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
3794 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
3795 #
3796 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
3797 # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
3798 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
3799 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
|