1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 31 32 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-13): 33 # 34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 38 # 39 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 40 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport 41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 42 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 43 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 44 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 45 # 46 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 47 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 48 # I found in the UCLA library. 49 # 50 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 51 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 52 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 53 # 54 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: 55 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 56 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) 57 # 58 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 59 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 60 # 61 # The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables: 62 # std dst 63 # LMT Local Mean Time 64 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 65 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel 66 # 5:30 IST India 67 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 68 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 69 # 8:00 CST China 70 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830 71 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 72 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan 73 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09 74 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time 75 # Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03 76 # and +0330 for integer hour and minute UTC offsets. Although earlier 77 # editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every 78 # offset, this did not reflect common practice. 79 # 80 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 81 82 # From Guy Harris: 83 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 84 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 85 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 86 # Worldwide Edition). 87 88 ############################################################################### 89 90 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 91 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 92 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 93 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 94 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 95 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 96 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 97 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 98 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 99 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 100 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 101 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2011 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 102 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2011 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 103 104 # Afghanistan 105 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 106 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 107 4:00 - +04 1945 108 4:30 - +0430 109 110 # Armenia 111 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 112 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 113 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 114 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 115 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 116 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 117 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 118 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 119 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 120 121 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 122 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 123 # follow Russia's "old" rules. 124 125 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 126 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 127 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 128 # 129 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 130 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 131 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 132 # or 133 # (brief) 134 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 135 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 136 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 137 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 138 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 139 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 140 4:00 - +04 1997 141 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 142 143 # Azerbaijan 144 145 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 146 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 147 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17). 148 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf 149 150 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17): 151 # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to 152 # daylight saving time.... 153 # http://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html 154 # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html 155 # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html 156 157 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 158 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 159 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 160 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 161 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 162 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 163 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 164 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s 165 4:00 - +04 1996 166 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997 167 4:00 Azer +04/+05 168 169 # Bahrain 170 # See Asia/Qatar. 171 172 # Bangladesh 173 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 174 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 175 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 176 # 177 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 178 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 179 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 180 # 181 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 182 # June 183 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 184 # crippling power crisis. " 185 # 186 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 187 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 188 189 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 190 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 191 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 192 # 193 # Some sources: 194 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 195 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 196 # 197 # Our wrap-up: 198 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 199 200 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 201 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 202 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 203 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 204 # 205 # No DST end date has been announced yet. 206 207 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 208 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 209 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 210 # 211 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 212 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 213 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 214 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 215 216 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 217 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 218 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 219 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 220 # "continue for an indefinite period." 221 # 222 # One of many places where it is published: 223 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 224 225 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 226 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 227 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 228 # 229 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 230 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 231 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 232 # 233 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 234 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 235 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 236 # Minister's Office last night..." 237 238 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 239 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 240 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 241 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 242 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 243 244 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 245 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 246 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - 247 248 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 249 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 250 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 251 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15 252 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 253 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30 254 6:00 - +06 2009 255 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07 256 257 # Bhutan 258 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 259 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 260 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct 261 6:00 - +06 262 263 # British Indian Ocean Territory 264 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 265 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 266 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 267 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 268 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 269 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 270 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 271 5:00 - +05 1996 272 6:00 - +06 273 274 # Brunei 275 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 276 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 277 7:30 - +0730 1933 278 8:00 - +08 279 280 # Burma / Myanmar 281 282 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 283 284 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 285 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon 286 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 287 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 288 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3 289 6:30 - +0630 290 291 # Cambodia 292 # See Asia/Bangkok. 293 294 295 # China 296 297 # From Guy Harris: 298 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 299 300 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 301 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 302 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 303 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 304 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of 305 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 306 # 307 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 308 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 309 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 310 # 311 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 312 # 1987 mid-April - ?? 313 314 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 315 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 316 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 317 318 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 319 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 320 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 321 # observing daylight saving time in 1986. 322 323 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 324 # Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but 325 # this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer 326 # DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so 327 # go with them for DST rules as follows: 328 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 329 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 330 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 331 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 332 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 333 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 334 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 335 336 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 337 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 338 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 339 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 340 # 341 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 342 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 343 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 344 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 345 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 346 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 347 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 348 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 349 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 350 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 351 352 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05): 353 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 354 # 355 # (1) 356 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 357 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 358 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 359 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003) 360 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 361 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 362 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 363 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 364 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 365 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 366 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 367 # could well have ignored any such mandate. 368 # 369 # (2) 370 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 371 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 372 # [undated and unknown publication location] 373 # It says several things: 374 # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 375 # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 376 # the official calendar book of 1914. 377 # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 378 # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 379 # Observatory and set to local mean time. 380 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 381 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 382 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 383 # became used by railways as well. 384 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 385 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 386 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 387 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 388 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 389 # Japanese-occupied territory. 390 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 391 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 392 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 393 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 394 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 395 # 396 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 397 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 398 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 399 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 400 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08. 401 # 402 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 403 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 404 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 405 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 406 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 407 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 408 # 409 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30 410 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 411 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 412 # 413 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08 414 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai. 415 # most of China 416 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. 417 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century". 418 # 419 # Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07 420 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 421 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 422 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong 423 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 424 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 425 # 426 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06 427 # This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with 428 # current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that 429 # disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here. 430 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 431 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 432 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 433 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 434 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 435 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 436 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 437 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 438 # 439 # Kunlun Time UT +05:30 440 # This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above). 441 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 442 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 443 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 444 # and Yarkand. 445 446 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 447 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 448 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 449 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 450 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 451 # they implicitly use Beijing time. 452 # 453 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 454 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 455 # hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang 456 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 457 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in 458 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 459 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 460 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 461 # 462 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 463 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 464 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 465 # 466 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 467 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 468 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 469 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 470 # others moving their clocks ahead.) 471 472 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 473 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 474 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 475 # 476 # 1. Wulumuqi... 477 # 2. Kashi... 478 # 3. Urumqi... 479 # 4. Kashgar... 480 # ... 481 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 482 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 483 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 484 # 485 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 486 # start date for Xinjiang time. 487 # 488 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 489 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 490 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 491 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 492 493 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 494 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: 495 # http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 496 497 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 498 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 499 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 500 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 501 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 502 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 503 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; 504 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 505 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 506 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 507 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as 508 # having the same time as Beijing. 509 510 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 511 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06) 512 # but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, 513 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 514 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 515 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 516 # 517 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 518 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 519 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 520 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 521 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, 522 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 523 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 524 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 525 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 526 # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 527 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 528 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before 529 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and 530 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 531 # +08 mandate back then. 532 533 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 534 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 535 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 536 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 537 8:00 PRC C%sT 538 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi 539 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 540 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 541 6:00 - +06 542 543 544 # Hong Kong (Xianggang) 545 546 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 547 548 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 549 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 550 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 551 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 552 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 553 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 554 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 555 # obtained from 556 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 557 558 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 559 # Here are the dates given at 560 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 561 # as of 2009-10-28: 562 # Year Period 563 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 564 # 1942 Whole year 565 # 1943 Whole year 566 # 1944 Whole year 567 # 1945 Whole year 568 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 569 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 570 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 571 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 572 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 573 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 574 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 575 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 576 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 577 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 578 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 579 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 580 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 581 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 582 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 583 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 584 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 585 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 586 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 587 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 588 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 589 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 590 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 591 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 592 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 593 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 594 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 595 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 596 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 597 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 598 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 599 # 1977 Nil 600 # 1978 Nil 601 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 602 # 1980 to Now Nil 603 # The page does not give start or end times of day. 604 # The page does not give a start date for 1942. 605 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 606 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 607 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 608 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 609 610 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 611 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 612 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 613 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 614 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 615 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 616 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 617 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 618 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 619 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 620 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 621 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 622 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 623 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 624 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 625 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 626 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 627 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 628 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 629 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 630 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 631 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 632 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 633 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 634 8:00 HK HK%sT 635 636 ############################################################################### 637 638 # Taiwan 639 640 # From smallufo (2010-04-03): 641 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 642 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 643 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 644 645 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 646 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 647 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 648 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 649 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 650 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 651 # found on Wikisource: 652 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 653 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 654 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 655 # declared officially. 656 # 657 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 658 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 659 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 660 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 661 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 662 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 663 # (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 664 # be found on Wikisource: 665 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 666 # 667 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 668 669 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 670 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9 671 # back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 672 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 673 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another 674 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 675 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 676 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 677 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 678 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 679 # that: 680 # 681 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 682 # the time at 135E (GMT+9) 683 # 684 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 685 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 686 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 687 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 688 # 689 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 690 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 691 # Time. 692 # 693 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 694 # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 695 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 696 # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 697 # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 698 # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 699 700 # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 701 # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 702 # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 703 # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 704 # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 705 # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 706 # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 707 # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 708 # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 709 # would be a good one. 710 # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 711 # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 712 713 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 714 # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 715 # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 716 # 717 # Original Bulletin: 718 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF 719 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) 720 # 721 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 722 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 723 # 724 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 725 # 726 # Here is a brief translation: 727 # 728 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 729 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 730 # adoption till Oct 31 midnight. 731 # 732 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 733 # be found from historical government announcement database. 734 735 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 736 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01 737 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 738 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 739 740 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 741 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 742 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 743 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 744 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 745 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 746 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 747 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 748 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 749 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 750 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 751 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 752 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 753 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 754 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 755 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 756 757 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 758 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 759 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 760 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1 761 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 762 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 763 764 # Macau (Macao, Aomen) 765 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 766 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D 767 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 S 768 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D 769 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D 770 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D 771 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 S 772 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D 773 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 S 774 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D 775 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S 776 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 S 777 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 D 778 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D 779 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S 780 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 781 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 782 8:00 Macau C%sT 783 784 785 ############################################################################### 786 787 # Cyprus 788 789 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 790 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 791 792 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09): 793 # Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's 794 # lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round. 795 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/ 796 # 797 # From Even Scharning (2016-10-31): 798 # Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night. 799 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/ 800 801 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 802 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 803 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 804 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 805 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 806 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 807 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 808 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 809 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 810 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 811 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 812 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 813 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 814 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 815 Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 816 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 817 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8 818 3:00 - +03 819 820 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 821 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 822 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 823 824 # Georgia 825 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 826 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 827 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 828 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 829 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 830 # 831 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 832 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 833 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 834 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 835 # 836 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 837 # 838 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 839 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 840 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 841 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 842 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 843 # of integration into Europe. 844 845 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 846 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 847 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 848 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 849 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 850 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 851 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 852 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 853 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 854 855 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. 856 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. 857 # Go with Byalokoz. 858 859 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 860 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 861 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 862 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 863 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 864 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 865 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun 866 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun 867 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun 868 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27 869 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 870 4:00 - +04 871 872 # East Timor 873 874 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 875 876 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 877 # East Timor may be late for its millennium 878 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 879 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 880 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 881 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 882 # conflicts with their way of life. 883 884 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 885 # We don't have any record of the above attempt. 886 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 887 888 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 889 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 890 # (2000-08-16): 891 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 892 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 893 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 894 # midnight on Saturday, September 16. 895 896 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 897 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 898 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00 899 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3 900 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00 901 9:00 - +09 902 903 # India 904 905 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic 906 # http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/ 907 # (2015-12-22): 908 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the 909 # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of 910 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this 911 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century. 912 913 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 914 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 915 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 916 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15 917 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 918 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 919 5:30 - IST 920 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 921 # Andaman Is 922 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 923 # Nicobar Is 924 925 # Indonesia 926 # 927 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 928 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia 929 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta. 930 # 931 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 932 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime 933 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 934 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 935 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 936 # 937 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 938 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 939 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 940 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 941 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 942 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 943 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 944 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions 945 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 946 # from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 947 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 948 # switched on 1945-09-23. 949 # 950 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 951 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 952 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 953 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 954 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 955 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 956 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 957 # The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are: 958 # 959 # WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 960 # WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 961 # WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 962 # 963 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 964 # Java, Sumatra 965 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 966 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 967 # but this must be a typo. 968 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 969 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov 970 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23 971 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 972 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 973 8:00 - +08 1950 May 974 7:30 - +0730 1964 975 7:00 - WIB 976 # west and central Borneo 977 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 978 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 979 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29 980 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 981 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 982 8:00 - +08 1950 May 983 7:30 - +0730 1964 984 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 985 7:00 - WIB 986 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 987 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 988 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 989 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9 990 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 991 8:00 - WITA 992 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 993 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 994 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1 995 9:30 - +0930 1964 996 9:00 - WIT 997 998 # Iran 999 1000 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 1001 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 1002 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 1003 # 1004 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 1005 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 1006 # 1007 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 1008 # 1009 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 1010 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 1011 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 1012 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 1013 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 1014 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 1015 # 1016 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 1017 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 1018 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 1019 # Shahrivar. 1020 # 1021 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 1022 # 1023 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 1024 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 1025 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 1026 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 1027 # 1028 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 1029 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 1030 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 1031 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 1032 # plan to change that law.... 1033 # 1034 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1035 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 1036 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 1037 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 1038 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 1039 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 1040 # 1041 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1042 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1043 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1044 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1045 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1046 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1047 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1048 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1049 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1050 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1051 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1052 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1053 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1054 # 1055 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1056 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1057 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1058 # 1059 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen: 1060 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1061 # daylight saving time ... 1062 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1063 # 1064 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1065 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1066 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1067 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1068 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1069 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1070 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1071 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1072 # 1073 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1074 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1075 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 1076 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 1077 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 1078 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 1079 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1080 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1081 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1082 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1083 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1084 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1085 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1086 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1087 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1088 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1089 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1090 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1091 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1092 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1093 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1094 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1095 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1096 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1097 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1098 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1099 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1100 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1101 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1102 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1103 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1104 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1105 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1106 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1107 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1108 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1109 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1110 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1111 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1112 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1113 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1114 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1115 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1116 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1117 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1118 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1119 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1120 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1121 # 1122 # The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038. 1123 # These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the 1124 # restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format. 1125 # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite 1126 # possibly Iran will change the rules first. 1127 Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1128 Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1129 1130 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1131 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1132 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 1133 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov 1134 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979 1135 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430 1136 1137 1138 # Iraq 1139 # 1140 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 1141 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 1142 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 1143 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 1144 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 1145 # 1146 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 1147 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 1148 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 1149 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 1150 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 1151 # 1152 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 1153 1154 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1155 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1156 # news sources (in Arabic): 1157 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1158 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1159 # 1160 # We have published a short article in English about the change: 1161 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1162 1163 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1164 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1165 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 1166 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1167 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1168 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 1169 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 1170 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1171 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1172 # 1173 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 1174 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 1175 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1176 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1177 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1178 3:00 - +03 1982 May 1179 3:00 Iraq +03/+04 1180 1181 1182 ############################################################################### 1183 1184 # Israel 1185 1186 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1187 # 1188 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1189 # different abbreviations in use: 1190 # 1191 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1192 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1193 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1194 # 1195 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1196 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1197 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1198 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1199 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1200 # settings in Israeli computers. 1201 # 1202 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1203 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1204 # family is from India). 1205 1206 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 1207 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1208 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1209 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1210 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1211 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1212 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1213 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1214 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1215 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1216 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1217 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1218 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1219 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1220 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1221 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1222 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1223 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1224 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1225 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1226 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1227 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1228 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1229 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1230 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1231 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1232 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1233 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1234 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1235 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1236 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1237 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1238 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1239 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1240 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1241 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1242 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1243 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1244 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1245 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1246 1247 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1248 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1249 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1250 # ends and changes to Sunday. 1251 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D 1252 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S 1253 1254 # From Ephraim Silverberg 1255 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1256 # and 2005-02-17): 1257 1258 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1259 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1260 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1261 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1262 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1263 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1264 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1265 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1266 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1267 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1268 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1269 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1270 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1271 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1272 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1273 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1274 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1275 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1276 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1277 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1278 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1279 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1280 1281 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1282 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1283 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1284 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1285 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1286 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1287 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1288 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1289 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1290 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1291 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1292 1293 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1294 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1295 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1296 1297 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1298 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1299 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1300 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1301 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1302 1303 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1304 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1305 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1306 # 1307 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1308 # 1309 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1310 # 1311 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1312 # 1313 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1314 # 1315 # where YYYY is the relevant year. 1316 1317 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1318 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1319 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1320 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1321 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1322 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1323 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1324 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1325 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1326 1327 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1328 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1329 # years 2001-2004 as well. 1330 # 1331 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1332 # 1333 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1334 # 1335 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1336 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1337 # 1338 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1339 1340 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1341 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1342 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1343 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1344 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1345 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1346 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1347 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1348 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1349 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1350 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1351 1352 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1353 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1354 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1355 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1356 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1357 # 1358 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1359 # 1360 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1361 1362 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): 1363 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1364 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1365 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1366 # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. 1367 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1368 # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: 1369 # 1370 # Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1371 # 1372 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1373 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1374 # springtime transitions explicitly. 1375 1376 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1377 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1378 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1379 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1380 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1381 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1382 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1383 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1384 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1385 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1386 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1387 Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1388 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1389 1390 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): 1391 # On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the 1392 # Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading 1393 # in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third 1394 # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. 1395 # 1396 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1397 # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1398 1399 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1400 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1401 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1402 1403 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1404 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1405 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1406 2:00 Zion I%sT 1407 1408 1409 1410 ############################################################################### 1411 1412 # Japan 1413 1414 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 1415 1416 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1417 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1418 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 1419 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 1420 1421 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 1422 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 1423 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1424 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1425 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1426 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1427 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1428 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1429 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1430 # wanted to keep it.) 1431 1432 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1433 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 1434 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1435 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1436 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1437 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1438 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1439 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1440 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1441 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1442 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 1443 1444 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1445 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1446 # Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 1447 # 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N. 1448 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1449 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1450 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1451 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1452 1453 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1454 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1455 # which stands for the time on 135 degrees E. 1456 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1457 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1458 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard 1459 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1460 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1461 # standard.... 1462 # 1463 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1464 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1465 1466 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1467 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1468 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1469 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 1470 # 1471 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1472 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 1473 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1474 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 1475 1476 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1477 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1478 9:00 Japan J%sT 1479 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1480 1481 # Jordan 1482 # 1483 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 1484 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1485 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1486 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1487 # all year round. 1488 # 1489 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 1490 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1491 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1492 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1493 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1494 # government's departments from six to seven hours. 1495 # 1496 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1497 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1498 # 1499 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1500 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1501 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1502 # 1503 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1504 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1505 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1506 # 1507 1508 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1509 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1510 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1511 # 1512 # Google's translation: 1513 # 1514 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1515 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1516 # > of the month of March of each year. 1517 # 1518 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1519 1520 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1521 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1522 1523 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 1524 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 1525 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 1526 # until about the same time next year (at least). 1527 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 1528 1529 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 1530 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 1531 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 1532 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 1533 # Official, in Arabic: 1534 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 1535 # ... Our background/permalink about it 1536 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 1537 # ... 1538 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 1539 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 1540 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 1541 1542 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 1543 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 1544 1545 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1546 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1547 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1548 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1549 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1550 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1551 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1552 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1553 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1554 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1555 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1556 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1557 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1558 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1559 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1560 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1561 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1562 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1563 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1564 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1565 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1566 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1567 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1568 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1569 Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1570 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1571 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1572 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1573 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1574 Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 1575 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1576 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1577 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1578 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1579 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1580 1581 1582 # Kazakhstan 1583 1584 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11 1585 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 1586 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1587 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1588 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1589 # 1590 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1591 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1592 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1593 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1594 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1595 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū, 1596 # Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1597 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1598 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1599 1600 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 1601 # Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/ 1602 # produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan: 1603 # 1604 # 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR 1605 # from 1991-02-04 No. 20 1606 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545 1607 # removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR 1608 # starting with the last Sunday of March 1991. 1609 # It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR, 1610 # Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time. 1611 # 1612 # The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers 1613 # of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet 1614 # of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its 1615 # text. 1616 # 1617 # According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20 1618 # (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via 1619 # http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during 1620 # transition to "summer" time: 1621 # Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova, 1622 # Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug 1623 # were to move clocks 1 hour forward. 1624 # Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik 1625 # SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts 1626 # of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards. 1627 # Other territories were to not move clocks. 1628 # When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be 1629 # moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding 1630 # Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan. 1631 # 1632 # Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170 1633 # was one of such changes. 1634 # 1635 # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время 1636 # claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that 1637 # Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast) 1638 # were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks 1639 # forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards. 1640 # (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an 1641 # article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not 1642 # move clocks.) 1643 # 1644 # This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while 1645 # the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06 1646 # to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth 1647 # time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ... 1648 # 1649 # 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1650 # from 1992-01-13 No. 28 1651 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_ 1652 # (text includes modification from the 1996 act) 1653 # introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian 1654 # 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated 1655 # according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks 1656 # on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at 1657 # 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was 1658 # located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the 1659 # border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk 1660 # oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth 1661 # time belt). 1662 # 1663 # This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for 1664 # Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from 1665 # +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk).... 1666 # 1667 # 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1668 # from 1992-03-27 No. 284 1669 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_ 1670 # cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts 1671 # since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth 1672 # and the fifth time belts respectively. 1673 # 1674 # 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1675 # from 1994-09-23 No. 384 1676 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_ 1677 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū 1678 # oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on 1679 # the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a 1680 # result).... 1681 # 1682 # 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1683 # from 1996-05-08 No. 575 1684 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_ 1685 # amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead 1686 # of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act. 1687 # 1688 # 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1689 # from 1999-03-26 No. 305 1690 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_ 1691 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the 1692 # last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth 1693 # time belt. 1694 # 1695 # This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.... 1696 # 1697 # 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1698 # from 2000-11-23 No. 1749 1699 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000 1700 # replaces the previous five documents. 1701 # 1702 # The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the 1703 # fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling 1704 # and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997 1705 # probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast 1706 # (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast 1707 # from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the 1708 # fourth time belt (no change in practice). 1709 # 1710 # 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1711 # from 2003-12-29 No. 1342 1712 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_ 1713 # modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently. 1714 # 1715 # 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1716 # from 2004-07-20 No. 775 1717 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004 1718 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into 1719 # the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not 1720 # using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time 1721 # zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented 1722 # during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically 1723 # amended before implementation happened. 1724 # 1725 # 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1726 # from 2004-09-15 No. 1059 1727 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_ 1728 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time" 1729 # (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the 1730 # 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan, 1731 # Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks 1732 # during the 2004 transition to "winter" time. 1733 # 1734 # This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no 1735 # zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to 1736 # +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently) 1737 # and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00.... 1738 # 1739 # 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1740 # from 2005-03-15 No. 231 1741 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_ 1742 # removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the 1743 # (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15 1744 # acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication. 1745 # The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer 1746 # time. 1747 # 1748 # Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation 1749 # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details]. 1750 # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27 1751 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992. 1752 1753 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08): 1754 # Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay 1755 # oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone. 1756 # (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations 1757 # according to wikipedia.) 1758 # 1759 # [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/ 1760 # suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on 1761 # 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand 1762 # how that could happen.... 1763 # 1764 # [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree 1765 # (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html 1766 # and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in 1767 # the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03). 1768 1769 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06): 1770 # The tables below reflect Golosunov's remarks, with exceptions as noted. 1771 1772 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1773 # 1774 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1775 # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA, 1776 # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ. 1777 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1778 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 1779 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1780 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1781 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1782 6:00 - +06 1783 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY) 1784 # This currently includes Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS); 1785 # see comments below. 1786 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1787 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1788 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1789 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1790 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1791 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1792 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1793 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1794 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 1795 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1796 6:00 - +06 1797 # The following zone is like Asia/Qyzylorda except for being one 1798 # hour earlier from 1991-09-29 to 1992-03-29. The 1991/2 rules for 1799 # Qostanay are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai 1800 # reorganization, so this zone is commented out for now. 1801 #Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 1802 # 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1803 # 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1804 # 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1805 # 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1806 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1807 # 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1808 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1809 # 6:00 - +06 1810 # 1811 # Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT) 1812 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1813 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1814 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1815 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1816 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1817 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1818 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1819 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1820 5:00 - +05 1821 # Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN) 1822 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1823 # so include time stamps before 1963. 1824 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1825 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1826 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 1827 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1828 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1829 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1830 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s 1831 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1832 5:00 - +05 1833 # Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from 1834 # +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994. 1835 Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2 1836 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 1837 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 1838 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1839 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1840 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1841 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s 1842 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1843 5:00 - +05 1844 # West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP) 1845 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1846 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1847 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1848 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 1849 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1850 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1851 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1852 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1853 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1854 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 1855 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1856 5:00 - +05 1857 1858 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1859 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1860 1861 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1862 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1863 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml 1864 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1865 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1866 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1867 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1868 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1869 1870 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1871 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1872 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1873 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1874 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1875 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1876 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1877 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 1878 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1879 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00 1880 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12 1881 6:00 - +06 1882 1883 ############################################################################### 1884 1885 # Korea (North and South) 1886 1887 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): 1888 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 1889 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it 1890 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced 1891 # between 1987 and 1988 ... 1892 1893 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): 1894 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html 1895 # According to the Korean Wikipedia 1896 # http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시 1897 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] 1898 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old 1899 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. 1900 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST 1901 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in 1902 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. 1903 1904 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1905 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1906 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1907 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D 1908 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1909 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1910 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D 1911 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D 1912 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S 1913 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D 1914 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 1915 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D 1916 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S 1917 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1918 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S 1919 1920 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): 1921 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: 1922 # 1923 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5) 1924 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 1925 # (Announcement No. 338) 1926 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) 1927 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) 1928 # 1929 # (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30 1930 # edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.) 1931 # 1932 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 1933 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 1934 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 1935 # 1936 # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we 1937 # have no information otherwise. 1938 1939 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07): 1940 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to 1941 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example: 1942 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049 1943 # 1944 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15): 1945 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See: 1946 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time' 1947 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html 1948 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone. 1949 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK. 1950 1951 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1952 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 1953 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 1954 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 1955 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1956 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1957 9:00 ROK K%sT 1958 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 1959 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 1960 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 1961 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 1962 8:30 - KST 1963 1964 ############################################################################### 1965 1966 # Kuwait 1967 # See Asia/Riyadh. 1968 1969 # Laos 1970 # See Asia/Bangkok. 1971 1972 1973 # Lebanon 1974 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1975 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1976 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1977 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1978 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1979 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1980 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1981 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1982 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1983 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1984 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1985 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1986 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1987 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1988 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1989 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1990 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1991 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1992 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1993 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1994 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1995 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1996 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1997 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1998 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1999 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2000 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 2001 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 2002 2003 # Malaysia 2004 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2005 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 2006 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 2007 # 2008 # peninsular Malaysia 2009 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2010 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 2011 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2012 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2013 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2014 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 2015 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 2016 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 2017 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 2018 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2019 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 2020 8:00 - +08 2021 # Sabah & Sarawak 2022 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): 2023 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 2024 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 2025 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2026 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 2027 7:30 - +0730 1933 2028 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16 2029 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2030 8:00 - +08 2031 2032 # Maldives 2033 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2034 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 2035 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 2036 5:00 - +05 2037 2038 # Mongolia 2039 2040 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 2041 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 2042 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 2043 2044 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 2045 # General Information Mongolia 2046 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 2047 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 2048 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 2049 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 2050 # eight hours." 2051 2052 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 2053 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 2054 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 2055 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 2056 # of implementation may have been different.... 2057 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 2058 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 2059 # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 2060 2061 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 2062 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 2063 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 2064 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 2065 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 2066 # is good enough for our purposes. 2067 2068 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 2069 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 2070 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 2071 # there are three time zones. 2072 # 2073 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 2074 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv, 2075 # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi 2076 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar 2077 # 2078 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 2079 2080 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 2081 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 2082 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 2083 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 2084 # 2085 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 2086 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 2087 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 2088 2089 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 2090 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 2091 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 2092 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 2093 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that 2094 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST. 2095 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 2096 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 2097 # He also found 2098 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& 2099 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 2100 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 2101 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 2102 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 2103 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 2104 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 2105 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 2106 2107 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 2108 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 2109 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 2110 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 2111 2112 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 2113 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 2114 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 2115 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 2116 # database on this, e.g.: 2117 # 2118 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 2119 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 2120 # 2121 # both say GMT+08:00. 2122 2123 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 2124 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 2125 # schedule here: 2126 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 2127 # (click the English flag for English) 2128 # 2129 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 2130 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 2131 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 2132 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 2133 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 2134 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 2135 2136 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2137 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 2138 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 2139 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 2140 # this is almost surely wrong. 2141 2142 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10): 2143 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use 2144 # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of 2145 # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of 2146 # September daylight saving time ends. Source: 2147 # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969 2148 2149 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2150 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2151 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2152 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 2153 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 2154 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 2155 # 2156 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 2157 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place 2158 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 2159 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 2160 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 2161 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 2162 2163 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09): 2164 # Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight 2165 # saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192 2166 2167 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 2168 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2169 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 2170 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 2171 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 2172 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 2173 Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 2174 Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 - 2175 2176 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2177 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 2178 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 2179 6:00 - +06 1978 2180 7:00 Mongol +07/+08 2181 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 2182 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 2183 7:00 - +07 1978 2184 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2185 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 2186 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 2187 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 2188 7:00 - +07 1978 2189 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr 2190 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31 2191 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2192 2193 # Nepal 2194 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2195 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 2196 5:30 - +0530 1986 2197 5:45 - +0545 2198 2199 # Oman 2200 # See Asia/Dubai. 2201 2202 # Pakistan 2203 2204 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 2205 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 2206 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 2207 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 2208 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 2209 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 2210 2211 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 2212 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL: 2213 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 2214 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 2215 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 2216 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 2217 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 2218 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 2219 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 2220 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 2221 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 2222 2223 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 2224 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 2225 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 2226 2227 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 2228 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 2229 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 2230 # 2231 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 2232 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 2233 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 2234 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 2235 # 2236 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 2237 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 2238 2239 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 2240 # 2241 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 2242 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 2243 # 2244 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to 2245 # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 2246 # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." 2247 # 2248 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 2249 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 2250 2251 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2252 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 2253 2254 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2255 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 2256 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 2257 # instead of August 31. 2258 # 2259 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 2260 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 2261 2262 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 2263 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 2264 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 2265 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 2266 # official working." 2267 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 2268 # 2269 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 2270 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009 2271 # 2272 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 2273 # April 08, 2009 2274 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 2275 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 2276 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 2277 # 2278 # .... 2279 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 2280 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 2281 # conserve energy" 2282 2283 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 2284 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 2285 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 2286 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 2287 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 2288 # this regard." 2289 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 2290 2291 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 2292 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2293 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from 2294 # October 1, 2009. 2295 # 2296 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 2297 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 2298 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 2299 # 2300 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 2301 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 2302 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 2303 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 2304 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 2305 # Monday." 2306 # 2307 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 2308 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 2309 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 2310 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 2311 # 2312 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 2313 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 2314 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 2315 2316 # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01): 2317 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 2318 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 2319 2320 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 2321 # Steffen Thorsen wrote: 2322 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 2323 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 2324 # > 2325 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 2326 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 2327 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 2328 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 2329 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 2330 # 2331 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 2332 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 2333 # 2334 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 2335 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 2336 2337 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2338 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 2339 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2340 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2341 Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2342 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2343 2344 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2345 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 2346 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 2347 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 2348 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30 2349 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26 2350 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 2351 2352 # Palestine 2353 2354 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 2355 # 2356 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 2357 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 2358 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 2359 # 2360 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 2361 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 2362 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 2363 # though. 2364 # 2365 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 2366 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 2367 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 2368 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 2369 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 2370 # East Jerusalem. 2371 # 2372 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 2373 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 2374 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 2375 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 2376 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2377 # 2378 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2379 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2380 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2381 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2382 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2383 # Jordanian one). 2384 # 2385 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2386 # 2387 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2388 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2389 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2390 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2391 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2392 # 2393 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2394 # have one). 2395 2396 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2397 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2398 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2399 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2400 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2401 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2402 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2403 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2404 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2405 # to Palestine's rules. 2406 2407 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2408 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2409 # 2410 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2411 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2412 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2413 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2414 2415 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2416 # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 2417 # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html 2418 # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2419 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2420 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2421 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2422 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2423 2424 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2425 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2426 2427 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2428 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2429 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2430 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2431 # earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 2432 2433 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2434 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2435 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2436 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2437 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2438 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2439 # the West Bank. 2440 2441 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2442 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2443 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2444 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2445 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2446 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2447 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2448 # because of the Ramadan. 2449 2450 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2451 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2452 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2453 2454 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2455 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2456 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2457 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2458 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2459 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2460 2461 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2462 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2463 # 2464 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2465 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2466 # 2467 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2468 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2469 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2470 2471 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2472 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2473 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2474 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2475 # 2476 # (in Arabic) 2477 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2478 # 2479 # (English translation) 2480 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2481 2482 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2483 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2484 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2485 # 2486 # One news source: 2487 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2488 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2489 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2490 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2491 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2492 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2493 # 2494 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2495 # end date, we will keep this page updated: 2496 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2497 2498 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2499 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2500 # 2501 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2502 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2503 # 2504 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2505 # (from Palestinian National Authority): 2506 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2507 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2508 2509 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2510 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2511 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2512 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2513 # 2514 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2515 # (in Arabic) 2516 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2517 2518 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2519 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2520 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2521 # noon though: 2522 # 2523 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2524 # (Ma'an News Agency) 2525 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2526 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2527 2528 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2529 # According to several sources, including 2530 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2531 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2532 # Gaza and the West Bank. 2533 # Some more background info: 2534 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2535 2536 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2537 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2538 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2539 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2540 # Ramadan. 2541 # 2542 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2543 # Additional info: 2544 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2545 2546 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2547 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2548 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2549 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2550 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2551 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2552 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2553 # ... 2554 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2555 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2556 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 2557 2558 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2559 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2560 # 00:00). 2561 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2562 # 2563 # Many sources, including: 2564 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2565 2566 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2567 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2568 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2569 # Some of many sources in Arabic: 2570 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2571 # 2572 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2573 # 2574 # Our brief summary: 2575 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2576 2577 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 2578 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 2579 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 2580 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 2581 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 2582 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 2583 2584 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 2585 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 2586 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 2587 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 2588 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 2589 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 2590 # official source...: 2591 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 2592 2593 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): 2594 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 2595 # and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will 2596 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. 2597 # 2598 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): 2599 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 2600 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. 2601 2602 # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09): 2603 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728 2604 # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight 2605 # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning, 2606 # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead." 2607 # 2608 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12): 2609 # Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on. 2610 2611 # From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19): 2612 # [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on 2613 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf 2614 # states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00. 2615 # 2616 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19): 2617 # Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on. 2618 # This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring 2619 # predictions. 2620 # 2621 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19): 2622 # It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today: 2623 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza 2624 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron 2625 2626 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2627 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2628 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2629 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2630 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2631 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2632 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2633 2634 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2635 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2636 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2637 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2638 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2639 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2640 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2641 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2642 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2643 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 2644 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2645 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2646 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 2647 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2648 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 2649 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2650 Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2651 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 2652 Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2653 Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2654 Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S 2655 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar lastSat 1:00 1:00 S 2656 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 - 2657 2658 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2659 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2660 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 2661 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2662 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2663 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2664 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 2665 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 2666 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 2667 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 2668 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 2669 2:00 - EET 2012 2670 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2671 2672 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2673 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 2674 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2675 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2676 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2677 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2678 2679 # Paracel Is 2680 # no information 2681 2682 # Philippines 2683 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the 2684 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2685 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 2686 # History of the International Date Line 2687 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm 2688 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2689 2690 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2691 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2692 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2693 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2694 # but no details] 2695 2696 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): 2697 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again 2698 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed 2699 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. 2700 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. 2701 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05 2702 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time 2703 2704 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2705 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 2706 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 2707 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 2708 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 2709 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 2710 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2711 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2712 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2713 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2714 8:00 Phil +08/+09 1942 May 2715 9:00 - +09 1944 Nov 2716 8:00 Phil +08/+09 2717 2718 # Qatar 2719 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2720 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2721 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun 2722 3:00 - +03 2723 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain 2724 2725 # Saudi Arabia 2726 # 2727 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 2728 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 2729 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it 2730 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 2731 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 2732 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 2733 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 2734 # o'clock for "Arab" time). 2735 # 2736 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 2737 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 2738 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 2739 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 2740 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 2741 # earlier date. 2742 # 2743 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 2744 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of 2745 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 2746 # 2747 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2748 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 2749 3:00 - +03 2750 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen 2751 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait 2752 2753 # Singapore 2754 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2755 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 2756 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2757 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2758 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2759 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 2760 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 2761 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 2762 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 2763 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2764 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 2765 8:00 - +08 2766 2767 # Spratly Is 2768 # no information 2769 2770 # Sri Lanka 2771 2772 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2773 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 2774 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 2775 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 2776 # Shanks and Pottenger. 2777 2778 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2779 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2780 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 2781 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2782 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2783 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 2784 # 2785 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2786 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 2787 # <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 2788 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 2789 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 2790 2791 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2792 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2793 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2794 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2795 2796 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2797 # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML 2798 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2799 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2800 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2801 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2802 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2803 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2804 2805 # From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19): 2806 # According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units, 2807 # Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka 2808 # standard time is SLST. 2809 # 2810 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18): 2811 # "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time 2812 # zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of 2813 # it in the International Business Times of India in February and 2814 # March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing 2815 # since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in 2816 # other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is 2817 # even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can 2818 # switch to "SLST" if it catches on. 2819 2820 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2821 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2822 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2823 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5 2824 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep 2825 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2826 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00 2827 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2828 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2829 5:30 - +0530 2830 2831 # Syria 2832 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2833 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 2834 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 2835 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 2836 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2837 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2838 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2839 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2840 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2841 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 2842 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2843 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2844 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 2845 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 2846 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2847 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 2848 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 2849 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 2850 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 2851 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 2852 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2853 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2854 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 2855 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2856 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2857 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2858 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 2859 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2860 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 2861 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 2862 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 2863 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2864 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2865 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2866 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 2867 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2868 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2869 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2870 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2871 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2872 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2873 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2874 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2875 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2876 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2877 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2878 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2879 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27): 2880 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2881 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 2882 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 2883 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2884 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2885 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2886 # 2887 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2888 # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote: 2889 # 2890 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2891 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2892 # 2893 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2894 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2895 # 2896 # which using Google's translate tools says: 2897 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2898 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2899 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2900 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2901 2902 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2903 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2904 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... 2905 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2906 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2907 # Variation 2908 # Syrian Arab 2909 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2910 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2911 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2912 2913 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2914 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2915 # Agency (SANA)... 2916 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2917 # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2918 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2919 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2920 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2921 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2922 2923 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2924 # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2925 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2926 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2927 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2928 2929 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2930 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2931 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2932 # 2933 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2934 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2935 # clocks back 60 minutes). 2936 # 2937 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2938 2939 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2940 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2941 # two examples: 2942 # 2943 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2944 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2945 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2946 # (Arabic, gov-site) 2947 # 2948 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2949 # 2950 # Our summary 2951 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2952 2953 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2954 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2955 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2956 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2957 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2958 2959 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2960 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2961 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2962 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2963 2964 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 2965 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 2966 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 2967 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 2968 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 2969 2970 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2971 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 2972 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 2973 # 2974 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 2975 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 2976 # 2977 # Our brief summary: 2978 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 2979 2980 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 2981 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 2982 2983 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2984 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2985 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2986 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2987 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2988 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2989 2990 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2991 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 2992 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2993 2994 # Tajikistan 2995 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 2996 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2997 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2998 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2999 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3000 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 3001 5:00 - +05 3002 3003 # Thailand 3004 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3005 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 3006 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 3007 7:00 - +07 3008 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia 3009 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos 3010 3011 # Turkmenistan 3012 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 3013 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3014 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 3015 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3016 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3017 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00 3018 5:00 - +05 3019 3020 # United Arab Emirates 3021 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3022 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 3023 4:00 - +04 3024 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman 3025 3026 # Uzbekistan 3027 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. 3028 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3029 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 3030 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3031 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 3032 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 3033 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 3034 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3035 5:00 - +05 3036 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. 3037 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 3038 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 3039 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3040 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3041 5:00 - +05 3042 3043 # Vietnam 3044 3045 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): 3046 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 3047 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 3048 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 3049 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. 3050 3051 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3052 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 3053 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 3054 3055 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân: 3056 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)" 3057 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, 3058 # is quoted verbatim in: 3059 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 3060 # is translated by Brian Inglis in: 3061 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html 3062 # and is the basis for the information below. 3063 # 3064 # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to 3065 # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris. 3066 # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or 3067 # the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333... 3068 # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30, 3069 # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory 3070 # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT. 3071 # 3072 # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) 3073 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): 3074 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. 3075 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. 3076 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00. 3077 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. 3078 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. 3079 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. 3080 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. 3081 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. 3082 # 3083 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. 3084 # 3085 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội, 3086 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982. 3087 # 3088 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)", 3089 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000. 3090 # 3091 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu", 3092 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995. 3093 3094 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3095 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 3096 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT 3097 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 3098 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 3099 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 3100 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 3101 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1 3102 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00 3103 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13 3104 7:00 - +07 3105 3106 # Yemen 3107 # See Asia/Riyadh.