12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
14 # accompanied this code).
15 #
16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
19 #
20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
22 # questions.
23 #
24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
26
27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
31
32 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
33 #
34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
38 #
39 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
40 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
42 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
43 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
44 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
45 #
46 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
47 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
48 # I found in the UCLA library.
49 #
50 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
51 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
52 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
53 #
54 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
55 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
56 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
57 #
58 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
59 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
60 #
61 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
62 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
63 # Corrections are welcome!
64 # std dst
65 # LMT Local Mean Time
66 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
67 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
68 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
69 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran*
70 # 4:00 GST Gulf*
71 # 5:30 IST India
72 # 7:00 ICT Indochina, most times and locations*
73 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
74 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
75 # 8:00 CST China
76 # 8:00 IDT Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)*
77 # 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
78 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830*
79 # 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
80 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
81 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
82 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
83 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
84 #
85 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
86
87 # From Guy Harris:
88 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
89 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
90 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
91 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
92
93 ###############################################################################
94
95 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
96 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
97 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
98 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
99 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
100 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
101 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
102 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
103 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
104 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
105 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
106 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2011 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
107 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2011 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
108
109 # Afghanistan
110 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
111 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
112 4:00 - AFT 1945
113 4:30 - AFT
114
115 # Armenia
116 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
117 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
118 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
119 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
120 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
121 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
122 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
123 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
124 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
125
126 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
127 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
128 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
129
130 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
131 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
132 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
133 #
236 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
237 #
238 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
239 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
240 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
241 # Minister's Office last night..."
242
243 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
244 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
245 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
246 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
247 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
248
249 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
250 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
251 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 -
252
253 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
254 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
255 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
256 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
257 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
258 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
259 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
260 6:00 - BDT 2009
261 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT
262
263 # Bhutan
264 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
265 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
266 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
267 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
268
269 # British Indian Ocean Territory
270 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
271 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
272 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
273 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
274 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
275 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
276 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
277 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
278 6:00 - IOT
279
280 # Brunei
281 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
282 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
283 7:30 - BNT 1933
284 8:00 - BNT
285
286 # Burma / Myanmar
287
288 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
289
290 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
291 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
292 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
293 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
294 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
295 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
296
297 # Cambodia
298 # See Asia/Bangkok.
299
300
301 # China
302
303 # From Guy Harris:
304 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
305
306 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
307 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
308 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
309 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
310 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
311 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
312 #
313 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
314 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
315 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
338 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
339 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
340 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
341
342 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
343 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
344 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
345 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
346 #
347 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
348 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
349 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
350 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
351 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
352 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
353 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
354 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
355 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
356 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
357
358 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
359 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
360 #
361 # (1)
362 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
363 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
364 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
365 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
366 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
367 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
368 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
369 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
370 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
371 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
372 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
373 # could well have ignored any such mandate.
374 #
375 # (2)
376 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
377 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
378 # [undated and unknown publication location]
396 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
397 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
398 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
399 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
400 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
401 #
402 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
403 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
404 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
405 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
406 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
407 #
408 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
409 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
410 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
411 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
412 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
413 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
414 #
415 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
416 # Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
417 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
418 #
419 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
420 # Asia/Shanghai
421 # most of China
422 # This currently represents most other zones as well,
423 # as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
424 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
425 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
426 #
427 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of the area) UT +07
428 # Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
429 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
430 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
431 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
432 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
433 #
434 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
435 # Asia/Urumqi
436 # This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
437 # as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
438 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
439 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
440 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
441 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
442 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
443 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
444 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
445 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
446 #
447 # Kunlun Time UT +05:30
448 # Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
449 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
450 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
451 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
452 # and Yarkand.
453
454 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
455 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
456 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
457 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
458 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
459 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
460 #
461 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
462 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
463 # hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
464 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
465 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
466 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
467 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
468 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
529 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
530 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
531 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
532 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
533 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
534 # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
535 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
536 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
537 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
538 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
539 # +08 mandate back then.
540
541 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
542 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
543 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
544 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
545 8:00 PRC C%sT
546 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
547 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
548 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
549 6:00 - XJT
550
551
552 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
553
554 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
555
556 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
557 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
558 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
559 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
560 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
561 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
562 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
563 # obtained from
564 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
565
566 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
567 # Here are the dates given at
568 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
569 # as of 2009-10-28:
748 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
749 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
750 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
751 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
752 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
753 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
754 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
755 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
756 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
757 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
758 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
759 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
760 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
761 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
762 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
763 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
764
765 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
766 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
767 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
768 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1
769 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00
770 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
771
772 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
773 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
774 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
775 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
776 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
777 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
778 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
779 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
780 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
781 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
782 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
783 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
784 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
785 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
786 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
787 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
788 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
789 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
790 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
791 8:00 PRC C%sT
792
793
794 ###############################################################################
795
796 # Cyprus
797
798 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
799 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
800
801 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09):
802 # Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's
803 # lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round.
804 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/
805 #
806 # From Even Scharning (2016-10-31):
807 # Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night.
808 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/
809
810 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
811 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
887 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
888 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
889 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
890 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
891 # conflicts with their way of life.
892
893 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
894 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
895 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
896
897 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
898 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
899 # (2000-08-16):
900 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
901 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
902 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
903 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
904
905 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
906 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
907 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
908 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
909 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
910 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 0:00
911 9:00 - TLT
912
913 # India
914
915 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
916 # http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
917 # (2015-12-22):
918 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
919 # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of
920 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this
921 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century.
922
923 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
924 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
925 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
926 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
927 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
928 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
929 5:30 - IST
930 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
931 # Andaman Is
932 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
933 # Nicobar Is
934
935 # Indonesia
936 #
937 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
938 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
939 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
940 #
941 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
942 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
943 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
944 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
945 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
946 #
947 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
948 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
959 #
960 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
961 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
962 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
963 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
964 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
965 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
966 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
967 # The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
968 #
969 # WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
970 # WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
971 # WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
972 #
973 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
974 # Java, Sumatra
975 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
976 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
977 # but this must be a typo.
978 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
979 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
980 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23
981 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
982 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
983 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
984 7:30 - WIB 1964
985 7:00 - WIB
986 # west and central Borneo
987 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
988 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
989 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29
990 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
991 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
992 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
993 7:30 - WIB 1964
994 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
995 7:00 - WIB
996 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
997 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
998 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
999 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9
1000 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
1001 8:00 - WITA
1002 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
1003 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
1004 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1
1005 9:30 - ACST 1964
1006 9:00 - WIT
1007
1008 # Iran
1009
1010 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
1011 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
1012 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
1013 #
1014 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
1015 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
1016 #
1017 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
1018 #
1019 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
1020 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
1021 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
1022 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
1023 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
1024 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
1025 #
1026 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
1027 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
1028 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
1029 # Shahrivar.
1030 #
1031 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
1032 #
1033 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
1034 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
1035 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
1036 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
1037 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
1038 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
1039 #
1040 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
1041 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
1042 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
1043 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
1044 # plan to change that law....
1045 #
1046 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1047 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
1048 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
1049 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
1050 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
1051 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
1052 #
1053 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
1054 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
1055 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
1056 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
1057 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
1058 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
1125 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1126 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1127 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1128 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1129 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1130 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1131 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1132 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1133 #
1134 # The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
1135 # These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
1136 # restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.
1137 # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
1138 # possibly Iran will change the rules first.
1139 Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1140 Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1141
1142 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1143 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
1144 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
1145 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
1146 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
1147 3:30 Iran IR%sT
1148
1149
1150 # Iraq
1151 #
1152 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
1153 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1154 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1155 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1156 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1157 #
1158 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1159 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1160 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
1161 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
1162 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
1163 #
1164 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
1165
1166 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
1167 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
1170 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
1171 #
1172 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
1173 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1174
1175 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1176 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1177 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1178 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1179 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1180 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
1181 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
1182 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
1183 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1184 #
1185 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
1186 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
1187 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1188 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1189 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1190 3:00 - AST 1982 May
1191 3:00 Iraq A%sT
1192
1193
1194 ###############################################################################
1195
1196 # Israel
1197
1198 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1199 #
1200 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1201 # different abbreviations in use:
1202 #
1203 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
1204 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
1205 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
1206 #
1207 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1208 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1209 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1210 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1211 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1470 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
1471 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1472 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1473 # standard....
1474 #
1475 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1476 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1477
1478 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
1479 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
1480 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1481 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1482 #
1483 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
1484 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1485 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1486 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1487
1488 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1489 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1490 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1
1491 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1492 9:00 Japan J%sT
1493 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1494
1495 # Jordan
1496 #
1497 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
1498 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1499 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1500 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1501 # all year round.
1502 #
1503 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
1504 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1505 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1506 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1507 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1508 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1509 #
1510 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1511 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1747 #
1748 # This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no
1749 # zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
1750 # +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
1751 # and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....
1752 #
1753 # 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1754 # from 2005-03-15 No. 231
1755 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
1756 # removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
1757 # (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
1758 # acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
1759 # The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
1760 # time.
1761 #
1762 # Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
1763 # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
1764 # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
1765 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
1766
1767 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-07):
1768 # The tables below reflect Golosunov's remarks, with exceptions as noted.
1769
1770 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1771 #
1772 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1773 # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
1774 # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
1775 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1776 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
1777 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1778 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1779 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1780 6:00 - +06
1781 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
1782 # This currently includes Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS);
1783 # see comments below.
1784 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1785 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1786 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1787 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1788 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1789 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1790 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1791 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1792 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
1793 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1794 6:00 - +06
1795 # The following zone is like Asia/Qyzylorda except for being one
1796 # hour earlier from 1991-09-29 to 1992-03-29. The 1991/2 rules for
1797 # Qostenay are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
1798 # reorganization, so this zone is commented out for now.
1799 #Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
1800 # 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1801 # 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1802 # 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1803 # 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1804 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1805 # 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1806 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1807 # 6:00 - +06
1808 #
1809 # Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
1810 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1811 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1812 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1813 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1814 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1815 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1816 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1817 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1818 5:00 - +05
1819 # Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN)
1820 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1821 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1822 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1823 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1824 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
1825 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1826 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1827 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1828 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
1829 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1830 5:00 - +05
1831 # Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from
1832 # +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994.
1833 Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2
1834 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1835 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
1836 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1837 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1838 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1839 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s
1840 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1841 5:00 - +05
1842 # West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
1843 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1844 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1845 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1846 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1847 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1848 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1849 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1850 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1851 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1852 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
1853 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1854 5:00 - +05
1855
1856 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1857 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1858
1859 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1860 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1861 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
1862 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1863 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1864 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1865 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1866 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1932 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1933 #
1934 # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
1935 # have no information otherwise.
1936
1937 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
1938 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
1939 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
1940 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
1941 #
1942 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
1943 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
1944 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
1945 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
1946 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
1947 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
1948
1949 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1950 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1951 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1952 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1953 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1954 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1955 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1956 9:00 ROK K%sT
1957 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1958 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1959 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1960 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
1961 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00
1962 8:30 - KST
1963
1964 ###############################################################################
1965
1966 # Kuwait
1967 # See Asia/Riyadh.
1968
1969 # Laos
1970 # See Asia/Bangkok.
1971
1972
1973 # Lebanon
1974 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1975 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1976 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1977 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1978 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1979 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1994 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1995 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1996 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1997 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1998 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1999 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2000 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
2001 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
2002
2003 # Malaysia
2004 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2005 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
2006 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
2007 #
2008 # peninsular Malaysia
2009 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2010 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2011 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2012 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2013 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2014 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2015 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2016 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2017 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2018 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2019 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
2020 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
2021 # Sabah & Sarawak
2022 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
2023 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
2024 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
2025 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2026 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
2027 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
2028 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
2029 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2030 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
2031 8:00 - MYT
2032
2033 # Maldives
2034 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2035 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
2036 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
2037 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
2038
2039 # Mongolia
2040
2041 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
2042 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
2043 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
2044
2045 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
2046 # General Information Mongolia
2047 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
2048 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
2049 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
2050 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
2051 # eight hours."
2052
2053 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
2054 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
2055 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
2056 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
2057 # of implementation may have been different....
2144 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
2145 # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
2146 # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
2147 # September daylight saving time ends. Source:
2148 # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
2149
2150 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2151 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2152 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2153 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
2154 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
2155 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
2156 #
2157 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
2158 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
2159 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
2160 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
2161 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
2162 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
2163
2164 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
2165 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2166 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
2167 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2168 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
2169 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2170 Rule Mongol 2015 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2171 Rule Mongol 2015 max - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
2172
2173 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2174 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
2175 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
2176 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
2177 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
2178 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
2179 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
2180 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
2181 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
2182 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
2183 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
2184 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
2185 7:00 - ULAT 1978
2186 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
2187 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
2188 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
2189
2190 # Nepal
2191 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2192 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
2193 5:30 - IST 1986
2194 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
2195
2196 # Oman
2197 # See Asia/Dubai.
2198
2199 # Pakistan
2200
2201 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
2202 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
2203 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
2204 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
2205 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
2206 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
2207
2208 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
2209 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
2210 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
2211 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
2212 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
2213 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
2214 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
2323 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
2324 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
2325 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
2326 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
2327 #
2328 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
2329 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
2330 #
2331 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
2332 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
2333
2334 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2335 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
2336 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2337 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2338 Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2339 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
2340
2341 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2342 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
2343 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
2344 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
2345 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
2346 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
2347 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
2348
2349 # Palestine
2350
2351 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
2352 #
2353 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
2354 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
2355 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
2356 #
2357 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
2358 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
2359 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
2360 # though.
2361 #
2362 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
2363 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
2364 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
2365 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
2366 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
2691 # but no details]
2692
2693 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
2694 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
2695 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
2696 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
2697 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
2698 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
2699 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
2700
2701 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2702 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2703 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2704 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2705 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2706 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2707 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2708 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2709 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2710 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2711 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2712 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
2713 8:00 Phil PH%sT
2714
2715 # Qatar
2716 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2717 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2718 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
2719 3:00 - AST
2720 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
2721
2722 # Saudi Arabia
2723 #
2724 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
2725 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
2726 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
2727 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
2728 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
2729 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
2730 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
2731 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
2732 #
2733 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
2734 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
2735 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
2736 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
2737 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
2738 # earlier date.
2739 #
2740 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
2741 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
2742 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
2743 #
2744 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2745 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
2746 3:00 - AST
2747 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
2748 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
2749
2750 # Singapore
2751 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2752 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2753 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2754 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2755 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2756 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2757 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2758 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2759 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2760 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2761 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2762 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2763 8:00 - SGT
2764
2765 # Spratly Is
2766 # no information
2767
2768 # Sri Lanka
2769
2770 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2771 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
2772 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
2773 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
2774 # Shanks and Pottenger.
2775
2776 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2777 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2778 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
2779 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2780 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2781 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
2782 #
2783 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2802
2803 # From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):
2804 # According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,
2805 # Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka
2806 # standard time is SLST.
2807 #
2808 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):
2809 # "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time
2810 # zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of
2811 # it in the International Business Times of India in February and
2812 # March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing
2813 # since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in
2814 # other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is
2815 # even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
2816 # switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
2817
2818 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2819 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2820 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2821 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5
2822 5:30 0:30 +0530/+06 1942 Sep
2823 5:30 1:00 +0530/+0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2824 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00
2825 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2826 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2827 5:30 - +0530
2828
2829 # Syria
2830 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2831 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2832 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2833 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2834 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2835 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2836 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2837 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2838 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2839 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2840 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2841 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2842 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2843 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2985 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2986 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2987
2988 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2989 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2990 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2991
2992 # Tajikistan
2993 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2994 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2995 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2996 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2997 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2998 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2999 5:00 - +05
3000
3001 # Thailand
3002 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3003 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
3004 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
3005 7:00 - ICT
3006 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
3007 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
3008
3009 # Turkmenistan
3010 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
3011 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3012 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
3013 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
3014 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3015 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00
3016 5:00 - +05
3017
3018 # United Arab Emirates
3019 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3020 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
3021 4:00 - GST
3022 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
3023
3024 # Uzbekistan
3025 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
3026 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3027 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
3028 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
3029 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
3030 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
3031 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
3032 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
3033 5:00 - +05
3034 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
3035 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
3036 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
3037 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3038 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
3039 5:00 - +05
3040
3041 # Vietnam
3074 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
3075 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
3076 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
3077 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
3078 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
3079 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
3080 #
3081 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
3082 #
3083 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
3084 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
3085 #
3086 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
3087 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
3088 #
3089 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
3090 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
3091
3092 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3093 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
3094 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
3095 7:00 - ICT 1942 Dec 31 23:00
3096 8:00 - IDT 1945 Mar 14 23:00
3097 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
3098 7:00 - ICT 1947 Apr 1
3099 8:00 - IDT 1955 Jul 1
3100 7:00 - ICT 1959 Dec 31 23:00
3101 8:00 - IDT 1975 Jun 13
3102 7:00 - ICT
3103
3104 # Yemen
3105 # See Asia/Riyadh.
|
12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
14 # accompanied this code).
15 #
16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
19 #
20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
22 # questions.
23 #
24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
26
27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
31
32 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-13):
33 #
34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
38 #
39 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
40 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
42 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
43 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
44 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
45 #
46 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
47 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
48 # I found in the UCLA library.
49 #
50 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
51 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
52 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
53 #
54 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
55 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
56 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
57 #
58 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
59 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
60 #
61 # The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables:
62 # std dst
63 # LMT Local Mean Time
64 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
65 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
66 # 5:30 IST India
67 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
68 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
69 # 8:00 CST China
70 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830
71 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
72 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
73 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
74 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
75 # Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
76 # and +0330 for integer hour and minute UTC offsets. Although earlier
77 # editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
78 # offset, this did not reflect common practice.
79 #
80 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
81
82 # From Guy Harris:
83 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
84 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
85 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
86 # Worldwide Edition).
87
88 ###############################################################################
89
90 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
91 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
92 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
93 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
94 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
95 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
96 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
97 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
98 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
99 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
100 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
101 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2011 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
102 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2011 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
103
104 # Afghanistan
105 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
106 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
107 4:00 - +04 1945
108 4:30 - +0430
109
110 # Armenia
111 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
112 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
113 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
114 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
115 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
116 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
117 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
118 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
119 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
120
121 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
122 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
123 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
124
125 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
126 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
127 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
128 #
231 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
232 #
233 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
234 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
235 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
236 # Minister's Office last night..."
237
238 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
239 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
240 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
241 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
242 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
243
244 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
245 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
246 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 -
247
248 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
249 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
250 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
251 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15
252 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
253 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30
254 6:00 - +06 2009
255 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07
256
257 # Bhutan
258 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
259 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
260 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct
261 6:00 - +06
262
263 # British Indian Ocean Territory
264 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
265 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
266 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
267 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
268 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
269 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
270 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
271 5:00 - +05 1996
272 6:00 - +06
273
274 # Brunei
275 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
276 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
277 7:30 - +0730 1933
278 8:00 - +08
279
280 # Burma / Myanmar
281
282 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
283
284 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
285 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
286 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
287 6:30 - +0630 1942 May
288 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3
289 6:30 - +0630
290
291 # Cambodia
292 # See Asia/Bangkok.
293
294
295 # China
296
297 # From Guy Harris:
298 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
299
300 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
301 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
302 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
303 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
304 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
305 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
306 #
307 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
308 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
309 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
332 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
333 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
334 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
335
336 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
337 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
338 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
339 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
340 #
341 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
342 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
343 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
344 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
345 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
346 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
347 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
348 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
349 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
350 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
351
352 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05):
353 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
354 #
355 # (1)
356 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
357 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
358 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
359 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
360 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
361 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
362 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
363 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
364 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
365 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
366 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
367 # could well have ignored any such mandate.
368 #
369 # (2)
370 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
371 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
372 # [undated and unknown publication location]
390 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
391 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
392 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
393 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
394 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
395 #
396 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
397 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
398 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
399 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
400 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
401 #
402 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
403 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
404 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
405 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
406 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
407 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
408 #
409 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
410 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
411 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
412 #
413 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
414 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai.
415 # most of China
416 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
417 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
418 #
419 # Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07
420 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
421 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
422 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong
423 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
424 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
425 #
426 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
427 # This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with
428 # current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that
429 # disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here.
430 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
431 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
432 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
433 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
434 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
435 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
436 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
437 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
438 #
439 # Kunlun Time UT +05:30
440 # This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above).
441 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
442 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
443 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
444 # and Yarkand.
445
446 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
447 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
448 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
449 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
450 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
451 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
452 #
453 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
454 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
455 # hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
456 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
457 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
458 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
459 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
460 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
521 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
522 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
523 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
524 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
525 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
526 # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
527 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
528 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
529 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
530 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
531 # +08 mandate back then.
532
533 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
534 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
535 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
536 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
537 8:00 PRC C%sT
538 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
539 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
540 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
541 6:00 - +06
542
543
544 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
545
546 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
547
548 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
549 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
550 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
551 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
552 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
553 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
554 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
555 # obtained from
556 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
557
558 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
559 # Here are the dates given at
560 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
561 # as of 2009-10-28:
740 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
741 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
742 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
743 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
744 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
745 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
746 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
747 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
748 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
749 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
750 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
751 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
752 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
753 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
754 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
755 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
756
757 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
758 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
759 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
760 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1
761 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00
762 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
763
764 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
765 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
766 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
767 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 S
768 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
769 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
770 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
771 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 S
772 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
773 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 S
774 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
775 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
776 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 S
777 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 D
778 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
779 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
780 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
781 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
782 8:00 Macau C%sT
783
784
785 ###############################################################################
786
787 # Cyprus
788
789 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
790 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
791
792 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09):
793 # Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's
794 # lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round.
795 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/
796 #
797 # From Even Scharning (2016-10-31):
798 # Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night.
799 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/
800
801 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
802 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
878 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
879 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
880 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
881 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
882 # conflicts with their way of life.
883
884 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
885 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
886 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
887
888 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
889 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
890 # (2000-08-16):
891 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
892 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
893 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
894 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
895
896 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
897 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
898 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00
899 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3
900 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00
901 9:00 - +09
902
903 # India
904
905 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
906 # http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
907 # (2015-12-22):
908 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
909 # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of
910 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this
911 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century.
912
913 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
914 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
915 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
916 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15
917 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
918 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
919 5:30 - IST
920 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
921 # Andaman Is
922 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
923 # Nicobar Is
924
925 # Indonesia
926 #
927 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
928 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
929 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
930 #
931 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
932 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
933 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
934 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
935 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
936 #
937 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
938 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
949 #
950 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
951 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
952 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
953 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
954 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
955 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
956 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
957 # The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
958 #
959 # WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
960 # WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
961 # WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
962 #
963 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
964 # Java, Sumatra
965 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
966 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
967 # but this must be a typo.
968 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
969 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov
970 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23
971 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
972 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
973 8:00 - +08 1950 May
974 7:30 - +0730 1964
975 7:00 - WIB
976 # west and central Borneo
977 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
978 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
979 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29
980 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
981 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
982 8:00 - +08 1950 May
983 7:30 - +0730 1964
984 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
985 7:00 - WIB
986 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
987 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
988 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
989 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9
990 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
991 8:00 - WITA
992 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
993 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
994 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1
995 9:30 - +0930 1964
996 9:00 - WIT
997
998 # Iran
999
1000 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
1001 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
1002 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
1003 #
1004 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
1005 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
1006 #
1007 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
1008 #
1009 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
1010 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
1011 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
1012 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
1013 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
1014 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
1015 #
1016 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
1017 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
1018 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
1019 # Shahrivar.
1020 #
1021 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
1022 #
1023 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
1024 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
1025 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
1026 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
1027 #
1028 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
1029 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
1030 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
1031 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
1032 # plan to change that law....
1033 #
1034 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1035 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
1036 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
1037 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
1038 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
1039 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
1040 #
1041 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
1042 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
1043 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
1044 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
1045 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
1046 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
1113 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1114 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1115 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1116 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1117 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1118 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1119 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1120 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1121 #
1122 # The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
1123 # These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
1124 # restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.
1125 # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
1126 # possibly Iran will change the rules first.
1127 Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1128 Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1129
1130 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1131 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
1132 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
1133 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov
1134 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979
1135 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430
1136
1137
1138 # Iraq
1139 #
1140 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
1141 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1142 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1143 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1144 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1145 #
1146 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1147 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1148 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
1149 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
1150 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
1151 #
1152 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
1153
1154 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
1155 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
1158 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
1159 #
1160 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
1161 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1162
1163 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1164 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1165 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1166 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1167 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1168 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
1169 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
1170 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
1171 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1172 #
1173 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
1174 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
1175 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1176 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1177 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1178 3:00 - +03 1982 May
1179 3:00 Iraq +03/+04
1180
1181
1182 ###############################################################################
1183
1184 # Israel
1185
1186 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1187 #
1188 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1189 # different abbreviations in use:
1190 #
1191 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
1192 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
1193 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
1194 #
1195 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1196 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1197 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1198 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1199 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1458 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
1459 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1460 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1461 # standard....
1462 #
1463 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1464 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1465
1466 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
1467 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
1468 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1469 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1470 #
1471 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
1472 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1473 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1474 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1475
1476 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1477 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1478 9:00 Japan J%sT
1479 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1480
1481 # Jordan
1482 #
1483 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
1484 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1485 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1486 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1487 # all year round.
1488 #
1489 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
1490 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1491 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1492 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1493 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1494 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1495 #
1496 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1497 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1733 #
1734 # This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no
1735 # zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
1736 # +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
1737 # and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....
1738 #
1739 # 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1740 # from 2005-03-15 No. 231
1741 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
1742 # removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
1743 # (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
1744 # acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
1745 # The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
1746 # time.
1747 #
1748 # Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
1749 # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
1750 # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
1751 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
1752
1753 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08):
1754 # Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay
1755 # oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone.
1756 # (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations
1757 # according to wikipedia.)
1758 #
1759 # [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/
1760 # suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on
1761 # 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand
1762 # how that could happen....
1763 #
1764 # [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree
1765 # (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html
1766 # and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in
1767 # the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03).
1768
1769 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
1770 # The tables below reflect Golosunov's remarks, with exceptions as noted.
1771
1772 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1773 #
1774 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1775 # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
1776 # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
1777 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1778 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
1779 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1780 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1781 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1782 6:00 - +06
1783 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
1784 # This currently includes Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS);
1785 # see comments below.
1786 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1787 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1788 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1789 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1790 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1791 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1792 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1793 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1794 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
1795 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1796 6:00 - +06
1797 # The following zone is like Asia/Qyzylorda except for being one
1798 # hour earlier from 1991-09-29 to 1992-03-29. The 1991/2 rules for
1799 # Qostanay are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
1800 # reorganization, so this zone is commented out for now.
1801 #Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
1802 # 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1803 # 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1804 # 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1805 # 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1806 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1807 # 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1808 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1809 # 6:00 - +06
1810 #
1811 # Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
1812 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1813 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1814 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1815 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1816 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1817 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1818 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1819 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1820 5:00 - +05
1821 # Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN)
1822 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1823 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1824 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1825 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1826 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
1827 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1828 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1829 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1830 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
1831 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1832 5:00 - +05
1833 # Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from
1834 # +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994.
1835 Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2
1836 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
1837 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
1838 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1839 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1840 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1841 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s
1842 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1843 5:00 - +05
1844 # West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
1845 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1846 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1847 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1848 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
1849 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1850 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1851 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1852 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1853 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1854 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
1855 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1856 5:00 - +05
1857
1858 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1859 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1860
1861 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1862 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1863 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
1864 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1865 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1866 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1867 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1868 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1934 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1935 #
1936 # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
1937 # have no information otherwise.
1938
1939 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
1940 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
1941 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
1942 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
1943 #
1944 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
1945 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
1946 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
1947 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
1948 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
1949 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
1950
1951 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1952 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1953 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1954 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1955 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1956 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1957 9:00 ROK K%sT
1958 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1959 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1960 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
1961 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00
1962 8:30 - KST
1963
1964 ###############################################################################
1965
1966 # Kuwait
1967 # See Asia/Riyadh.
1968
1969 # Laos
1970 # See Asia/Bangkok.
1971
1972
1973 # Lebanon
1974 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1975 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1976 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1977 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1978 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1979 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1994 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1995 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1996 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1997 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1998 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1999 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2000 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
2001 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
2002
2003 # Malaysia
2004 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2005 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
2006 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
2007 #
2008 # peninsular Malaysia
2009 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2010 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2011 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2012 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2013 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2014 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
2015 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
2016 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
2017 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
2018 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2019 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
2020 8:00 - +08
2021 # Sabah & Sarawak
2022 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
2023 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
2024 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
2025 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2026 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
2027 7:30 - +0730 1933
2028 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16
2029 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2030 8:00 - +08
2031
2032 # Maldives
2033 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2034 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
2035 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
2036 5:00 - +05
2037
2038 # Mongolia
2039
2040 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
2041 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
2042 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
2043
2044 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
2045 # General Information Mongolia
2046 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
2047 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
2048 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
2049 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
2050 # eight hours."
2051
2052 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
2053 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
2054 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
2055 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
2056 # of implementation may have been different....
2143 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
2144 # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
2145 # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
2146 # September daylight saving time ends. Source:
2147 # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
2148
2149 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2150 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2151 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2152 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
2153 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
2154 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
2155 #
2156 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
2157 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
2158 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
2159 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
2160 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
2161 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
2162
2163 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09):
2164 # Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight
2165 # saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192
2166
2167 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
2168 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2169 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
2170 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2171 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
2172 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2173 Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2174 Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
2175
2176 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2177 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
2178 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
2179 6:00 - +06 1978
2180 7:00 Mongol +07/+08
2181 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
2182 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
2183 7:00 - +07 1978
2184 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
2185 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
2186 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
2187 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
2188 7:00 - +07 1978
2189 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr
2190 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31
2191 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
2192
2193 # Nepal
2194 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2195 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
2196 5:30 - +0530 1986
2197 5:45 - +0545
2198
2199 # Oman
2200 # See Asia/Dubai.
2201
2202 # Pakistan
2203
2204 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
2205 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
2206 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
2207 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
2208 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
2209 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
2210
2211 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
2212 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
2213 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
2214 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
2215 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
2216 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
2217 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
2326 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
2327 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
2328 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
2329 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
2330 #
2331 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
2332 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
2333 #
2334 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
2335 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
2336
2337 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2338 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
2339 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2340 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2341 Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2342 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
2343
2344 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2345 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
2346 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
2347 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
2348 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30
2349 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26
2350 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
2351
2352 # Palestine
2353
2354 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
2355 #
2356 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
2357 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
2358 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
2359 #
2360 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
2361 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
2362 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
2363 # though.
2364 #
2365 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
2366 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
2367 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
2368 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
2369 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
2694 # but no details]
2695
2696 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
2697 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
2698 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
2699 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
2700 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
2701 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
2702 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
2703
2704 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2705 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2706 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2707 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2708 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2709 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2710 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2711 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2712 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2713 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2714 8:00 Phil +08/+09 1942 May
2715 9:00 - +09 1944 Nov
2716 8:00 Phil +08/+09
2717
2718 # Qatar
2719 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2720 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2721 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
2722 3:00 - +03
2723 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
2724
2725 # Saudi Arabia
2726 #
2727 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
2728 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
2729 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
2730 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
2731 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
2732 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
2733 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
2734 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
2735 #
2736 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
2737 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
2738 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
2739 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
2740 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
2741 # earlier date.
2742 #
2743 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
2744 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
2745 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
2746 #
2747 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2748 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
2749 3:00 - +03
2750 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
2751 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
2752
2753 # Singapore
2754 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2755 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2756 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2757 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2758 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2759 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
2760 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
2761 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
2762 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
2763 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2764 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
2765 8:00 - +08
2766
2767 # Spratly Is
2768 # no information
2769
2770 # Sri Lanka
2771
2772 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2773 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
2774 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
2775 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
2776 # Shanks and Pottenger.
2777
2778 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2779 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2780 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
2781 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2782 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2783 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
2784 #
2785 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2804
2805 # From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):
2806 # According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,
2807 # Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka
2808 # standard time is SLST.
2809 #
2810 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):
2811 # "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time
2812 # zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of
2813 # it in the International Business Times of India in February and
2814 # March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing
2815 # since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in
2816 # other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is
2817 # even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
2818 # switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
2819
2820 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2821 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2822 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2823 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5
2824 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep
2825 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2826 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00
2827 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2828 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2829 5:30 - +0530
2830
2831 # Syria
2832 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2833 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2834 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2835 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2836 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2837 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2838 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2839 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2840 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2841 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2842 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2843 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2844 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2845 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2987 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2988 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2989
2990 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2991 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2992 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2993
2994 # Tajikistan
2995 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2996 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2997 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2998 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2999 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3000 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
3001 5:00 - +05
3002
3003 # Thailand
3004 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3005 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
3006 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
3007 7:00 - +07
3008 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
3009 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
3010
3011 # Turkmenistan
3012 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
3013 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3014 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
3015 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
3016 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3017 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00
3018 5:00 - +05
3019
3020 # United Arab Emirates
3021 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3022 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
3023 4:00 - +04
3024 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
3025
3026 # Uzbekistan
3027 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
3028 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3029 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
3030 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
3031 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
3032 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
3033 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
3034 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
3035 5:00 - +05
3036 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
3037 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
3038 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
3039 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3040 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
3041 5:00 - +05
3042
3043 # Vietnam
3076 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
3077 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
3078 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
3079 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
3080 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
3081 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
3082 #
3083 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
3084 #
3085 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
3086 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
3087 #
3088 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
3089 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
3090 #
3091 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
3092 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
3093
3094 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3095 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
3096 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT
3097 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
3098 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
3099 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
3100 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
3101 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1
3102 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00
3103 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13
3104 7:00 - +07
3105
3106 # Yemen
3107 # See Asia/Riyadh.
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