1 #
   2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   3 #
   4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   6 # published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
   9 #
  10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  14 # accompanied this code).
  15 #
  16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  19 #
  20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  22 # questions.
  23 #
  24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
  25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
  26 
  27 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
  28 
  29 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
  30 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
  31 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
  32 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
  33 
  34 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
  35 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
  36 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
  37 
  38 ###############################################################################
  39 
  40 # United States
  41 
  42 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
  43 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
  44 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
  45 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
  46 # His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
  47 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
  48 # in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
  49 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
  50 
  51 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-21):
  52 # Dowd's proposal left many details unresolved, such as where to draw
  53 # lines between time zones.  The key individual who made time zones
  54 # work in the US was William Frederick Allen - railway engineer,
  55 # managing editor of the Travelers' Guide, and secretary of the
  56 # General Time Convention, a railway standardization group.  Allen
  57 # spent months in dialogs with scientific and railway leaders,
  58 # developed a workable plan to institute time zones, and presented it
  59 # to the General Time Convention on 1883-04-11, saying that his plan
  60 # meant "local time would be practically abolished" - a plus for
  61 # railway scheduling.  By the next convention on 1883-10-11 nearly all
  62 # railroads had agreed and it took effect on 1883-11-18 at 12:00.
  63 # That Sunday was called the "day of two noons", as the eastern parts
  64 # of the new zones observed noon twice.  Allen witnessed the
  65 # transition in New York City, writing:
  66 #
  67 #   I heard the bells of St. Paul's strike on the old time.  Four
  68 #   minutes later, obedient to the electrical signal from the Naval
  69 #   Observatory ... the time-ball made its rapid descent, the chimes
  70 #   of old Trinity rang twelve measured strokes, and local time was
  71 #   abandoned, probably forever.
  72 #
  73 # Most of the US soon followed suit.  See:
  74 # Bartky IR. The adoption of standard time. Technol Cult 1989 Jan;30(1):25-56.
  75 # http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105430
  76 
  77 # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
  78 # That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
  79 # See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
  80 
  81 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
  82 # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
  83 # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
  84 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
  85 # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
  86 # It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
  87 
  88 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
  89 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
  90 # in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
  91 # of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
  92 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
  93 #
  94 #       I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
  95 #       agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
  96 #       daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
  97 #       I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
  98 #       valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen.  As an admirer
  99 #       of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
 100 #       reduce my time for enjoying it.  At the back of the Daylight Saving
 101 #       scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
 102 #       to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
 103 #       them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
 104 #
 105 #        -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
 106 #          Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
 107 #
 108 # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
 109 # Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
 110 # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
 111 # http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
 112 #
 113 # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
 114 # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
 115 # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
 116 # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
 117 
 118 # From Arthur David Olson:
 119 # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
 120 # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
 121 # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
 122 
 123 # From Arthur David Olson:
 124 # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
 125 # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
 126 
 127 # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
 128 # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
 129 # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
 130 # An AltaVista search turned up:
 131 # http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html
 132 # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
 133 # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.'  Peace is wonderful."
 134 # (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
 135 
 136 # From Joseph Gallant citing
 137 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
 138 # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
 139 # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
 140 # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
 141 # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
 142 # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
 143 # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
 144 # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
 145 
 146 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout.  From
 147 # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
 148 #
 149 # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
 150 # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
 151 # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
 152 # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
 153 # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
 154 # importance."
 155 #
 156 # On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
 157 # microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
 158 # before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
 159 # The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
 160 #
 161 # He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
 162 
 163 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
 164 # Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
 165 # that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
 166 # U.S. government action.  So even though the "US" rules have changed
 167 # in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
 168 
 169 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 170 Rule    US      1918    1919    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 171 Rule    US      1918    1919    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 172 Rule    US      1942    only    -       Feb     9       2:00    1:00    W # War
 173 Rule    US      1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
 174 Rule    US      1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 175 Rule    US      1967    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 176 Rule    US      1967    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 177 Rule    US      1974    only    -       Jan     6       2:00    1:00    D
 178 Rule    US      1975    only    -       Feb     23      2:00    1:00    D
 179 Rule    US      1976    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 180 Rule    US      1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
 181 Rule    US      2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
 182 Rule    US      2007    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1       2:00    0       S
 183 
 184 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
 185 # We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
 186 # obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
 187 # We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
 188 # this time zone package.
 189 # We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
 190 # a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
 191 # We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
 192 # increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
 193 # avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
 194 
 195 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 196 Zone    EST              -5:00  -       EST
 197 Zone    MST              -7:00  -       MST
 198 Zone    HST             -10:00  -       HST
 199 Zone    EST5EDT          -5:00  US      E%sT
 200 Zone    CST6CDT          -6:00  US      C%sT
 201 Zone    MST7MDT          -7:00  US      M%sT
 202 Zone    PST8PDT          -8:00  US      P%sT
 203 
 204 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 205 # USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
 206 # USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 207 # USA  CENTRAL       6 H  BEHIND UTC    CHICAGO, HOUSTON
 208 # USA  CENTRAL       5 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 209 # USA  MOUNTAIN      7 H  BEHIND UTC    DENVER
 210 # USA  MOUNTAIN      6 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 211 # USA  PACIFIC       8 H  BEHIND UTC    L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
 212 # USA  PACIFIC       7 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 213 # USA  ALASKA STD    9 H  BEHIND UTC    MOST OF ALASKA     (AKST)
 214 # USA  ALASKA STD    8 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
 215 # USA  ALEUTIAN     10 H  BEHIND UTC    ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
 216 # USA    "           9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 217 # USA  HAWAII       10 H  BEHIND UTC
 218 # USA  BERING       11 H  BEHIND UTC    SAMOA, MIDWAY
 219 
 220 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
 221 # The above dates are for 1988.
 222 # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
 223 # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
 224 # Aleutians.
 225 
 226 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 227 # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
 228 # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward.  First, names
 229 # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
 230 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
 231 #       (none)
 232 #       United States standard eastern time
 233 #       United States standard mountain time
 234 #       United States standard central time
 235 #       United States standard Pacific time
 236 #       (none)
 237 #       United States standard Alaska time
 238 #       (none)
 239 # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
 240 # public law 98-181):
 241 #       Atlantic standard time
 242 #       eastern standard time
 243 #       central standard time
 244 #       mountain standard time
 245 #       Pacific standard time
 246 #       Yukon standard time
 247 #       Alaska-Hawaii standard time
 248 #       Bering standard time
 249 # And after 1983-11-30:
 250 #       Atlantic standard time
 251 #       eastern standard time
 252 #       central standard time
 253 #       mountain standard time
 254 #       Pacific standard time
 255 #       Alaska standard time
 256 #       Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
 257 #       Samoa standard time
 258 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
 259 #
 260 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-19):
 261 # Here are URLs for the 1918 and 1966 legislation:
 262 # http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=40&page=451
 263 # http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=80&page=108
 264 # Although the 1918 names were officially "United States Standard
 265 # Eastern Time" and similarly for "Central", "Mountain", "Pacific",
 266 # and "Alaska", in practice "Standard" was placed just before "Time",
 267 # as codified in 1966.  In practice, Alaska time was abbreviated "AST"
 268 # before 1968.  Summarizing the 1967 name changes:
 269 #       1918 names                      1967 names
 270 #  -08  Standard Pacific Time (PST)     Pacific standard time (PST)
 271 #  -09  (unofficial) Yukon (YST)        Yukon standard time (YST)
 272 #  -10  Standard Alaska Time (AST)      Alaska-Hawaii standard time (AHST)
 273 #  -11  (unofficial) Nome (NST)         Bering standard time (BST)
 274 #
 275 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
 276 # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced ... "Chamorro Standard Time"
 277 # for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.  See the file "australasia".
 278 #
 279 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-17):
 280 # HST and HDT are standardized abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian
 281 # standard and daylight times.  See section 9.47 (p 234) of the
 282 # U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual (2008)
 283 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008/pdf/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008.pdf
 284 
 285 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
 286 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
 287 #
 288 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
 289 #   (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
 290 #   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
 291 #     (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
 292 #     Sunday of March"; and
 293 #     (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
 294 #     Sunday of November'.
 295 #   (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
 296 #   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
 297 #   (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
 298 #   date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
 299 #   on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
 300 #   States.
 301 #   (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
 302 #   Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
 303 #   Department study is complete.
 304 
 305 # US eastern time, represented by New York
 306 
 307 # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
 308 # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
 309 # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
 310 # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
 311 # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
 312 # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
 313 
 314 # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
 315 # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
 316 # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
 317 # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
 318 # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
 319 # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
 320 
 321 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
 322 # According to today's Huntsville Times
 323 # http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1
 324 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
 325 # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
 326 # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time."  It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
 327 # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
 328 # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
 329 # in Columbus."
 330 #
 331 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
 332 # Four cities are involved.  The two not mentioned above are Smiths Station
 333 # and Valley.  Barbara Brooks, Valley's assistant treasurer, heard it started
 334 # because West Point Pepperell textile mills were in Alabama while the
 335 # corporate office was in Georgia, and residents voted to keep Eastern
 336 # time even after the mills closed.  See: Kazek K. Did you know which
 337 # Alabama towns are in a different time zone?  al.com 2017-02-06.
 338 # http://www.al.com/living/index.ssf/2017/02/do_you_know_which_alabama_town.html
 339 
 340 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
 341 # Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208
 342 # says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of
 343 # Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch.  Round to the
 344 # nearest second.
 345 
 346 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 347 Rule    NYC     1920    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 348 Rule    NYC     1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 349 Rule    NYC     1921    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 350 Rule    NYC     1921    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 351 Rule    NYC     1955    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 352 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 353 Zone America/New_York   -4:56:02 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
 354                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1920
 355                         -5:00   NYC     E%sT    1942
 356                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1946
 357                         -5:00   NYC     E%sT    1967
 358                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 359 
 360 # US central time, represented by Chicago
 361 
 362 # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
 363 # Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
 364 # Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
 365 # (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 366 # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
 367 # Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
 368 # Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
 369 # western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
 370 
 371 # From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
 372 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/statutes/Stat0175.pdf ...
 373 # is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change.  Because the local
 374 # "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
 375 # are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
 376 # hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
 377 #
 378 # From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
 379 # Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
 380 # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
 381 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
 382 
 383 # From an email administrator of the City of Fort Pierre, SD (2015-12-21):
 384 # Fort Pierre is technically located in the Mountain time zone as is
 385 # the rest of Stanley County.  Most of Stanley County and Fort Pierre
 386 # uses the Central time zone due to doing most of their business in
 387 # Pierre so it simplifies schedules.  I have lived in Stanley County
 388 # all my life and it has been that way since I can remember.  (43 years!)
 389 #
 390 # From Paul Eggert (2015-12-25):
 391 # Assume this practice predates 1970, so Fort Pierre can use America/Chicago.
 392 
 393 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 394 Rule    Chicago 1920    only    -       Jun     13      2:00    1:00    D
 395 Rule    Chicago 1920    1921    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 396 Rule    Chicago 1921    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 397 Rule    Chicago 1922    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 398 Rule    Chicago 1922    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 399 Rule    Chicago 1955    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 400 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 401 Zone America/Chicago    -5:50:36 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
 402                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1920
 403                         -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1936 Mar  1  2:00
 404                         -5:00   -       EST     1936 Nov 15  2:00
 405                         -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1942
 406                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 407                         -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1967
 408                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 409 # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
 410 Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
 411                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1992 Oct 25  2:00
 412                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 413 # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
 414 # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
 415 # See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
 416 # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
 417 # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
 418 # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
 419 # See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
 420 Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT      1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
 421                         -7:00   US      M%sT    2003 Oct 26  2:00
 422                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 423 
 424 # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
 425 # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
 426 # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
 427 # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
 428 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
 429 # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
 430 
 431 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
 432 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
 433 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
 434 # largest city in Mercer County).  Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
 435 # at 47 degrees 15' 51" N, 101 degrees 46' 40" W, which yields an offset
 436 # of 6h47'07".
 437 
 438 Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
 439                         -7:00   US      M%sT    2010 Nov  7  2:00
 440                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 441 
 442 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
 443 #
 444 # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
 445 # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
 446 # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
 447 # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
 448 # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
 449 #
 450 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 451 Rule    Denver  1920    1921    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 452 Rule    Denver  1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 453 Rule    Denver  1921    only    -       May     22      2:00    0       S
 454 Rule    Denver  1965    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 455 Rule    Denver  1965    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 456 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 457 Zone America/Denver     -6:59:56 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
 458                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1920
 459                         -7:00   Denver  M%sT    1942
 460                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1946
 461                         -7:00   Denver  M%sT    1967
 462                         -7:00   US      M%sT
 463 
 464 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
 465 #
 466 # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
 467 # Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county
 468 # north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
 469 # Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern 3/4 of
 470 # Malheur county), and Washington
 471 
 472 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-20):
 473 # In early February 1948, in response to California's electricity shortage,
 474 # PG&E changed power frequency from 60 to 59.5 Hz during daylight hours,
 475 # causing electric clocks to lose six minutes per day.  (This did not change
 476 # legal time, and is not part of the data here.)  See:
 477 # Ross SA. An energy crisis from the past: Northern California in 1948.
 478 # Working Paper No. 8, Institute of Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley,
 479 # 1973-11.  http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x22k30c
 480 #
 481 # In another measure to save electricity, DST was instituted from 1948-03-14
 482 # at 02:01 to 1949-01-16 at 02:00, with the governor having the option to move
 483 # the fallback transition earlier.  See pages 3-4 of:
 484 # http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/Statutes/1948/48Vol1_Chapters.pdf
 485 #
 486 # In response:
 487 #
 488 #   Governor Warren received a torrent of objecting mail, and it is not too much
 489 #   to speculate that the objections to Daylight Saving Time were one important
 490 #   factor in the defeat of the Dewey-Warren Presidential ticket in California.
 491 #     -- Ross, p 25
 492 #
 493 # On December 8 the governor exercised the option, setting the date to January 1
 494 # (LA Times 1948-12-09).  The transition time was 02:00 (LA Times 1949-01-01).
 495 #
 496 # Despite the controversy, in 1949 California voters approved Proposition 12,
 497 # which established DST from April's last Sunday at 01:00 until September's
 498 # last Sunday at 02:00. This was amended by 1962's Proposition 6, which changed
 499 # the fall-back date to October's last Sunday. See:
 500 # http://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1501&context=ca_ballot_props
 501 # http://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1636&context=ca_ballot_props
 502 #
 503 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 504 Rule    CA      1948    only    -       Mar     14      2:01    1:00    D
 505 Rule    CA      1949    only    -       Jan      1      2:00    0       S
 506 Rule    CA      1950    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 1:00    1:00    D
 507 Rule    CA      1950    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 508 Rule    CA      1962    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 509 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 510 Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -     LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
 511                         -8:00   US      P%sT    1946
 512                         -8:00   CA      P%sT    1967
 513                         -8:00   US      P%sT
 514 
 515 # Alaska
 516 # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -09 per USNO.
 517 #
 518 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
 519 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
 520 # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
 521 # This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
 522 # also a Friday.  Include only the time zone part of this transition,
 523 # ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
 524 # the Julian calendar.
 525 #
 526 # As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
 527 # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
 528 # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
 529 # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  However, there
 530 # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
 531 # it's best to simply use the official transition.
 532 
 533 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
 534 # One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
 535 # daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
 536 # "Welcome to Juneau.  Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
 537 # See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
 538 # http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
 539 #
 540 # Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
 541 # Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
 542 # Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
 543 # http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
 544 
 545 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
 546 # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
 547 #
 548 # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
 549 # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
 550 # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
 551 # Pacific Time.
 552 #
 553 # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
 554 # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
 555 # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
 556 #
 557 # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
 558 # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
 559 #
 560 # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
 561 # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
 562 #
 563 # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
 564 # Nation.)
 565 
 566 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
 567 # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
 568 # Community office (using contact information available at
 569 # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
 570 # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
 571 # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
 572 # that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
 573 # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
 574 # did not inquire about practices in the past.
 575 
 576 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
 577 # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
 578 # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
 579 
 580 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-11-09):
 581 # It seems Metlakatla did go off PST on Sunday, November 1, changing
 582 # their time to AKST and are going to follow Alaska's DST, switching
 583 # between AKST and AKDT from now on....
 584 # http://www.krbd.org/2015/10/30/annette-island-times-they-are-a-changing/
 585 
 586 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 587 Zone America/Juneau      15:02:19 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 588                          -8:57:41 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 589                          -8:00  -       PST     1942
 590                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 591                          -8:00  -       PST     1969
 592                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1980 Apr 27  2:00
 593                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1980 Oct 26  2:00
 594                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 595                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 596                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 597 Zone America/Sitka       14:58:47 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 598                          -9:01:13 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 599                          -8:00  -       PST     1942
 600                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 601                          -8:00  -       PST     1969
 602                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 603                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 604                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 605 Zone America/Metlakatla  15:13:42 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 606                          -8:46:18 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 607                          -8:00  -       PST     1942
 608                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 609                          -8:00  -       PST     1969
 610                          -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 611                          -8:00  -       PST     2015 Nov  1  2:00
 612                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 613 Zone America/Yakutat     14:41:05 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 614                          -9:18:55 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 615                          -9:00  -       YST     1942
 616                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1946
 617                          -9:00  -       YST     1969
 618                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 619                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 620 Zone America/Anchorage   14:00:24 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 621                          -9:59:36 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 622                         -10:00  -       AST     1942
 623                         -10:00  US      A%sT    1967 Apr
 624                         -10:00  -       AHST    1969
 625                         -10:00  US      AH%sT   1983 Oct 30  2:00
 626                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 627                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 628 Zone America/Nome        12:58:21 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 629                         -11:01:38 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 630                         -11:00  -       NST     1942
 631                         -11:00  US      N%sT    1946
 632                         -11:00  -       NST     1967 Apr
 633                         -11:00  -       BST     1969
 634                         -11:00  US      B%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 635                          -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 636                          -9:00  US      AK%sT
 637 Zone America/Adak        12:13:21 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 638                         -11:46:38 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 639                         -11:00  -       NST     1942
 640                         -11:00  US      N%sT    1946
 641                         -11:00  -       NST     1967 Apr
 642                         -11:00  -       BST     1969
 643                         -11:00  US      B%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 644                         -10:00  US      AH%sT   1983 Nov 30
 645                         -10:00  US      H%sT
 646 # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
 647 #
 648 # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
 649 # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
 650 # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
 651 #
 652 # From David Flater (2004-11-09):
 653 # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
 654 # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
 655 # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
 656 # possibly until 1983:
 657 #
 658 #  Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
 659 #  "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
 660 #  location not on Alaska Standard Time.  The following resolution was
 661 #  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
 662 #  resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
 663 #  Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
 664 #  January 14, Alaska Standard Time.)  This resolution was passed with
 665 #  three votes for and one against."
 666 
 667 # Hawaii
 668 
 669 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
 670 # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
 671 # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
 672 # the article is available at
 673 # http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
 674 # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
 675 # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
 676 # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
 677 # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
 678 # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
 679 # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
 680 # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
 681 # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
 682 # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
 683 # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
 684 # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
 685 
 686 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
 687 # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
 688 # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
 689 # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
 690 # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
 691 # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
 692 # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
 693 # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
 694 # Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
 695 # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
 696 # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
 697 # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
 698 # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
 699 # of the Territory of Hawaii."
 700 #
 701 # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
 702 # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
 703 
 704 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 705 Zone Pacific/Honolulu   -10:31:26 -     LMT     1896 Jan 13 12:00
 706                         -10:30  -       HST     1933 Apr 30  2:00
 707                         -10:30  1:00    HDT     1933 May 21 12:00
 708                         -10:30  -       HST     1942 Feb  9  2:00
 709                         -10:30  1:00    HDT     1945 Sep 30  2:00
 710                         -10:30  -       HST     1947 Jun  8  2:00
 711                         -10:00  -       HST
 712 
 713 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
 714 
 715 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
 716 
 717 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
 718 #
 719 # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
 720 # Daylight Saving Time web page
 721 # <http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm> (2002-01-23)
 722 # maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
 723 # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
 724 # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
 725 # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
 726 # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time.  The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
 727 # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
 728 # the date the state's clocks would change.  In 1945 the State of
 729 # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
 730 # mandated by federal law.  Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
 731 # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
 732 #
 733 # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
 734 # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
 735 
 736 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 737 Zone America/Phoenix    -7:28:18 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
 738                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Jan  1  0:01
 739                         -7:00   -       MST     1944 Apr  1  0:01
 740                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Oct  1  0:01
 741                         -7:00   -       MST     1967
 742                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1968 Mar 21
 743                         -7:00   -       MST
 744 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 745 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
 746 # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
 747 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
 748 # large size and location in three states."  (The "only" means that other
 749 # tribal nations don't use DST.)
 750 #
 751 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
 752 # See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
 753 
 754 # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
 755 # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
 756 # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
 757 # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
 758 # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
 759 # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
 760 # switched four weeks late in 1974.
 761 #
 762 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 763 Zone America/Boise      -7:44:49 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
 764                         -8:00   US      P%sT    1923 May 13  2:00
 765                         -7:00   US      M%sT    1974
 766                         -7:00   -       MST     1974 Feb  3  2:00
 767                         -7:00   US      M%sT
 768 
 769 # Indiana
 770 #
 771 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
 772 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
 773 #
 774 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 775 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
 776 # with the following exceptions:
 777 #
 778 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 779 #   Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
 780 #
 781 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
 782 #
 783 # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
 784 #   America/Kentucky/Louisville.
 785 #
 786 # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
 787 #   and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
 788 #
 789 # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
 790 # and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
 791 # Those Hoosiers!  Such a flighty and changeable people!
 792 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
 793 #
 794 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
 795 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
 796 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
 797 
 798 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
 799 # https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
 800 # says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
 801 # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
 802 # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
 803 # this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
 804 # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
 805 # Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
 806 # clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error.  The intent
 807 # was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
 808 
 809 # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
 810 # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
 811 # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
 812 # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
 813 
 814 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 815 Rule Indianapolis 1941  only    -       Jun     22      2:00    1:00    D
 816 Rule Indianapolis 1941  1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 817 Rule Indianapolis 1946  1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 818 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 819 Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT        1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
 820                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1920
 821                         -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
 822                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 823                         -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24  2:00
 824                         -5:00   -       EST     1957 Sep 29  2:00
 825                         -6:00   -       CST     1958 Apr 27  2:00
 826                         -5:00   -       EST     1969
 827                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 828                         -5:00   -       EST     2006
 829                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 830 #
 831 # Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
 832 # as well as from 1976 through 2005.
 833 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 834 Rule    Marengo 1951    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 835 Rule    Marengo 1951    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 836 Rule    Marengo 1954    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 837 Rule    Marengo 1954    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 838 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 839 Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
 840                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1951
 841                         -6:00   Marengo C%sT    1961 Apr 30  2:00
 842                         -5:00   -       EST     1969
 843                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1974 Jan  6  2:00
 844                         -6:00   1:00    CDT     1974 Oct 27  2:00
 845                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1976
 846                         -5:00   -       EST     2006
 847                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 848 #
 849 # Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
 850 # switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
 851 # in November 2007.
 852 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 853 Rule Vincennes  1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 854 Rule Vincennes  1946    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 855 Rule Vincennes  1953    1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 856 Rule Vincennes  1953    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 857 Rule Vincennes  1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
 858 Rule Vincennes  1956    1963    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 859 Rule Vincennes  1960    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 860 Rule Vincennes  1961    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 861 Rule Vincennes  1962    1963    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 862 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 863 Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT   1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
 864                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 865                         -6:00 Vincennes C%sT    1964 Apr 26  2:00
 866                         -5:00   -       EST     1969
 867                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 868                         -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 869                         -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Nov  4  2:00
 870                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 871 #
 872 # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
 873 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 874 Rule Perry      1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 875 Rule Perry      1946    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 876 Rule Perry      1953    1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 877 Rule Perry      1953    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 878 Rule Perry      1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
 879 Rule Perry      1956    1963    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 880 Rule Perry      1960    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 881 Rule Perry      1961    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 882 Rule Perry      1962    1963    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 883 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 884 Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT   1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
 885                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 886                         -6:00 Perry     C%sT    1964 Apr 26  2:00
 887                         -5:00   -       EST     1969
 888                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 889                         -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 890                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 891 #
 892 # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
 893 # then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
 894 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 895 Rule    Pike    1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
 896 Rule    Pike    1955    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 897 Rule    Pike    1956    1964    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 898 Rule    Pike    1961    1964    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 899 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 900 Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT  1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
 901                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1955
 902                         -6:00   Pike    C%sT    1965 Apr 25  2:00
 903                         -5:00   -       EST     1966 Oct 30  2:00
 904                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1977 Oct 30  2:00
 905                         -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 906                         -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Nov  4  2:00
 907                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 908 #
 909 # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
 910 # then switched back in 2006.
 911 # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
 912 # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
 913 # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
 914 # 1991-10-27.
 915 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 916 Rule    Starke  1947    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 917 Rule    Starke  1947    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 918 Rule    Starke  1955    1956    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 919 Rule    Starke  1957    1958    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 920 Rule    Starke  1959    1961    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 921 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 922 Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 -    LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
 923                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1947
 924                         -6:00   Starke  C%sT    1962 Apr 29  2:00
 925                         -5:00   -       EST     1963 Oct 27  2:00
 926                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1991 Oct 27  2:00
 927                         -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 928                         -6:00   US      C%sT
 929 #
 930 # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
 931 # April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
 932 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 933 Rule    Pulaski 1946    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 934 Rule    Pulaski 1946    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 935 Rule    Pulaski 1955    1956    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 936 Rule    Pulaski 1957    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 937 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 938 Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
 939                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 940                         -6:00   Pulaski C%sT    1961 Apr 30  2:00
 941                         -5:00   -       EST     1969
 942                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 943                         -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 944                         -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Mar 11  2:00
 945                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 946 #
 947 # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
 948 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 949 Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 -   LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
 950                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1954 Apr 25  2:00
 951                         -5:00   -       EST     1969
 952                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1973
 953                         -5:00   -       EST     2006
 954                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 955 
 956 # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
 957 # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
 958 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 959 Rule Louisville 1921    only    -       May     1       2:00    1:00    D
 960 Rule Louisville 1921    only    -       Sep     1       2:00    0       S
 961 Rule Louisville 1941    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 962 Rule Louisville 1941    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 963 Rule Louisville 1946    only    -       Jun     2       2:00    0       S
 964 Rule Louisville 1950    1955    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 965 Rule Louisville 1956    1960    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 966 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 967 Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -     LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
 968                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1921
 969                         -6:00 Louisville C%sT   1942
 970                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 971                         -6:00 Louisville C%sT   1961 Jul 23  2:00
 972                         -5:00   -       EST     1968
 973                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1974 Jan  6  2:00
 974                         -6:00   1:00    CDT     1974 Oct 27  2:00
 975                         -5:00   US      E%sT
 976 #
 977 # Wayne County, Kentucky
 978 #
 979 # From Lake Cumberland LIFE
 980 # http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml
 981 # (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
 982 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
 983 # the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
 984 # the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
 985 # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
 986 # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
 987 # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
 988 # location in the Central time zone.
 989 #
 990 # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
 991 # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
 992 # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
 993 # (-0500) time.  They won't "fall back" this year.  See Sara Shipley,
 994 # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
 995 #
 996 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
 997 # The final rule was published in the
 998 # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
 999 # http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22
1000 #
1001 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
1002                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
1003                         -6:00   -       CST     1968
1004                         -6:00   US      C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
1005                         -5:00   US      E%sT
1006 
1007 
1008 # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
1009 # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
1010 # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
1011 #       previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
1012 # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
1013 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
1014 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
1015 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
1016 #
1017 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
1018 # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
1019 # so omit that change for now.
1020 # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
1021 # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
1022 # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
1023 # 1999-10-31.  See the
1024 # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
1025 # http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15
1026 # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
1027 # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
1028 # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
1029 
1030 # Michigan
1031 #
1032 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
1033 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
1034 #
1035 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
1036 # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
1037 # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
1038 # that Detroit kept
1039 #
1040 #       local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
1041 #       be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
1042 #       city obeyed, half refused.  After considerable debate, the decision
1043 #       was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time.  A derisive offer to
1044 #       erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
1045 #       Committee on Sewers.  Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
1046 #       by city vote.
1047 #
1048 # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
1049 #
1050 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1051 # Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
1052 # one hour in 1914."  This change is not in Shanks.  We have no more
1053 # info, so omit this for now.
1054 #
1055 # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
1056 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
1057 Rule    Detroit 1948    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1058 Rule    Detroit 1948    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1059 Rule    Detroit 1967    only    -       Jun     14      2:00    1:00    D
1060 Rule    Detroit 1967    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1061 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1062 Zone America/Detroit    -5:32:11 -      LMT     1905
1063                         -6:00   -       CST     1915 May 15  2:00
1064                         -5:00   -       EST     1942
1065                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1946
1066                         -5:00   Detroit E%sT    1973
1067                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1975
1068                         -5:00   -       EST     1975 Apr 27  2:00
1069                         -5:00   US      E%sT
1070 #
1071 # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
1072 # switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
1073 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
1074 Rule Menominee  1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1075 Rule Menominee  1946    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1076 Rule Menominee  1966    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1077 Rule Menominee  1966    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1078 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1079 Zone America/Menominee  -5:50:27 -      LMT     1885 Sep 18 12:00
1080                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
1081                         -6:00 Menominee C%sT    1969 Apr 27  2:00
1082                         -5:00   -       EST     1973 Apr 29  2:00
1083                         -6:00   US      C%sT
1084 
1085 # Navassa
1086 # administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
1087 # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
1088 # also claimed by Haiti
1089 # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
1090 # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
1091 # currently uninhabited
1092 # see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
1093 # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
1094 # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
1095 
1096 ################################################################################
1097 
1098 
1099 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
1100 #
1101 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
1102 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
1103 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
1104 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
1105 #
1106 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
1107 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
1108 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1109 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
1110 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
1111 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
1112 #
1113 # Other sources occasionally used include:
1114 #
1115 #       Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
1116 #       Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
1117 #       which I found in the UCLA library.
1118 #
1119 #       William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
1120 #       <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
1121 #       [PDF] (1914-03)
1122 #
1123 #       Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
1124 #       <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
1125 #
1126 # See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
1127 
1128 # Canada
1129 
1130 # From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
1131 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
1132 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
1133 #
1134 #       UTC     Standard time   Daylight saving time
1135 #       offset  French  English French  English
1136 #       -2:30   -       -       HAT     NDT
1137 #       -3      -       -       HAA     ADT
1138 #       -3:30   HNT     NST     -       -
1139 #       -4      HNA     AST     HAE     EDT
1140 #       -5      HNE     EST     HAC     CDT
1141 #       -6      HNC     CST     HAR     MDT
1142 #       -7      HNR     MST     HAP     PDT
1143 #       -8      HNP     PST     HAY     YDT
1144 #       -9      HNY     YST     -       -
1145 #
1146 #       HN: Heure Normale       ST: Standard Time
1147 #       HA: Heure Avancée      DT: Daylight saving Time
1148 #
1149 #       A: de l'Atlantique      Atlantic
1150 #       C: du Centre            Central
1151 #       E: de l'Est             Eastern
1152 #       M:                      Mountain
1153 #       N:                      Newfoundland
1154 #       P: du Pacifique         Pacific
1155 #       R: des Rocheuses
1156 #       T: de Terre-Neuve
1157 #       Y: du Yukon             Yukon
1158 #
1159 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
1160 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
1161 
1162 # Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks
1163 # & Pottenger.
1164 
1165 # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
1166 # 2007-03-01):
1167 # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
1168 # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
1169 # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
1170 # http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
1171 # ...
1172 # Nova Scotia
1173 # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
1174 # http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
1175 #
1176 # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
1177 # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
1178 # http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
1179 # ...
1180 # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
1181 # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
1182 # http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
1183 # ...
1184 # [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
1185 # http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
1186 # http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
1187 # http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
1188 # ...
1189 # P.E.I. will follow US rules....
1190 # http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
1191 # ...
1192 # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
1193 # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
1194 # ...
1195 # Yukon
1196 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
1197 # ...
1198 # N.W.T. will follow US rules.  Whoever maintains the government web site
1199 # does not seem to believe in bookmarks.  To see the news release, click the
1200 # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change".  Press the
1201 # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
1202 # JavaScript.
1203 # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
1204 # ...
1205 # Nunavut
1206 # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
1207 # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
1208 
1209 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-18):
1210 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
1211 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
1212 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp
1213 # contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
1214 # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
1215 #
1216 # National Research Council Canada maintains info about time zones and DST.
1217 # http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/time_zones.html
1218 # http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/faq/index.html#Q5
1219 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
1220 
1221 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1222 # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
1223 # new US DST rules,
1224 
1225 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
1226 # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
1227 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1228 # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
1229 # The quote includes these two statements:
1230 # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
1231 # '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
1232 # These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
1233 # that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918.  This transition was
1234 # also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
1235 
1236 # In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
1237 # Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
1238 # than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
1239 
1240 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1241 Rule    Canada  1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1242 Rule    Canada  1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1243 Rule    Canada  1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1244 Rule    Canada  1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1245 Rule    Canada  1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
1246 Rule    Canada  1974    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1247 Rule    Canada  1974    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1248 Rule    Canada  1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
1249 Rule    Canada  2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
1250 Rule    Canada  2007    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1       2:00    0       S
1251 
1252 
1253 # Newfoundland and Labrador
1254 
1255 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1256 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Labrador should use NST/NDT,
1257 # but the only part of Labrador that follows the rules is the
1258 # southeast corner, including Port Hope Simpson and Mary's Harbour,
1259 # but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
1260 
1261 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1262 Rule    StJohns 1917    only    -       Apr      8      2:00    1:00    D
1263 Rule    StJohns 1917    only    -       Sep     17      2:00    0       S
1264 # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1265 Rule    StJohns 1919    only    -       May      5      23:00   1:00    D
1266 Rule    StJohns 1919    only    -       Aug     12      23:00   0       S
1267 # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1268 Rule    StJohns 1920    1935    -       May     Sun>=1       23:00   1:00    D
1269 Rule    StJohns 1920    1935    -       Oct     lastSun 23:00   0       S
1270 # For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
1271 # Pottenger.
1272 Rule    StJohns 1936    1941    -       May     Mon>=9       0:00    1:00    D
1273 Rule    StJohns 1936    1941    -       Oct     Mon>=2       0:00    0       S
1274 # Whitman gives the following transitions:
1275 # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
1276 # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
1277 # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
1278 # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1279 Rule    StJohns 1946    1950    -       May     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
1280 Rule    StJohns 1946    1950    -       Oct     Sun>=2       2:00    0       S
1281 Rule    StJohns 1951    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1282 Rule    StJohns 1951    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1283 Rule    StJohns 1960    1986    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1284 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1285 # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
1286 # at 00:01 local time.  For now, assume it started in 1987.
1287 
1288 # From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
1289 # We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
1290 # changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
1291 # The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
1292 # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
1293 # now occurs at 2:00AM.
1294 # ...
1295 # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
1296 # ...
1297 # MICHAEL PELLEY  |  Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
1298 # Office of the Chief Information Officer
1299 # Executive Council
1300 # Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
1301 
1302 Rule    StJohns 1987    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:01    1:00    D
1303 Rule    StJohns 1987    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:01    0       S
1304 Rule    StJohns 1988    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:01    2:00    DD
1305 Rule    StJohns 1989    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:01    1:00    D
1306 Rule    StJohns 2007    2011    -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:01    1:00    D
1307 Rule    StJohns 2007    2010    -       Nov     Sun>=1       0:01    0       S
1308 #
1309 # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1310 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1311 Zone America/St_Johns   -3:30:52 -      LMT     1884
1312                         -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT   1918
1313                         -3:30:52 Canada N%sT    1919
1314                         -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT   1935 Mar 30
1315                         -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1942 May 11
1316                         -3:30   Canada  N%sT    1946
1317                         -3:30   StJohns N%sT    2011 Nov
1318                         -3:30   Canada  N%sT
1319 
1320 # most of east Labrador
1321 
1322 # The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
1323 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1324 Zone America/Goose_Bay  -4:01:40 -      LMT     1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
1325                         -3:30:52 -      NST     1918
1326                         -3:30:52 Canada N%sT    1919
1327                         -3:30:52 -      NST     1935 Mar 30
1328                         -3:30   -       NST     1936
1329                         -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1942 May 11
1330                         -3:30   Canada  N%sT    1946
1331                         -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1966 Mar 15  2:00
1332                         -4:00   StJohns A%sT    2011 Nov
1333                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1334 
1335 
1336 # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
1337 
1338 # From Brian Inglis (2015-07-20):
1339 # From the historical weather station records available at:
1340 # https://weatherspark.com/history/28351/1971/Sydney-Nova-Scotia-Canada
1341 # Sydney shares the same time history as Glace Bay, so was
1342 # likely to be the same across the island....
1343 # Sydney, as the capital and most populous location, or Cape Breton, would
1344 # have been better names for the zone had we known this in 1996.
1345 
1346 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-20):
1347 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
1348 # Halifax.  Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
1349 # the Cape Breton area, represented by Glace Bay, is the largest we know of
1350 # (Glace Bay was perhaps not the best name choice but no point changing now).
1351 # Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
1352 # in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
1353 # this is a typo.
1354 
1355 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1356 Rule    Halifax 1916    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    D
1357 Rule    Halifax 1916    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       S
1358 Rule    Halifax 1920    only    -       May      9      0:00    1:00    D
1359 Rule    Halifax 1920    only    -       Aug     29      0:00    0       S
1360 Rule    Halifax 1921    only    -       May      6      0:00    1:00    D
1361 Rule    Halifax 1921    1922    -       Sep      5      0:00    0       S
1362 Rule    Halifax 1922    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
1363 Rule    Halifax 1923    1925    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
1364 Rule    Halifax 1923    only    -       Sep      4      0:00    0       S
1365 Rule    Halifax 1924    only    -       Sep     15      0:00    0       S
1366 Rule    Halifax 1925    only    -       Sep     28      0:00    0       S
1367 Rule    Halifax 1926    only    -       May     16      0:00    1:00    D
1368 Rule    Halifax 1926    only    -       Sep     13      0:00    0       S
1369 Rule    Halifax 1927    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
1370 Rule    Halifax 1927    only    -       Sep     26      0:00    0       S
1371 Rule    Halifax 1928    1931    -       May     Sun>=8       0:00    1:00    D
1372 Rule    Halifax 1928    only    -       Sep      9      0:00    0       S
1373 Rule    Halifax 1929    only    -       Sep      3      0:00    0       S
1374 Rule    Halifax 1930    only    -       Sep     15      0:00    0       S
1375 Rule    Halifax 1931    1932    -       Sep     Mon>=24      0:00    0       S
1376 Rule    Halifax 1932    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
1377 Rule    Halifax 1933    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
1378 Rule    Halifax 1933    only    -       Oct      2      0:00    0       S
1379 Rule    Halifax 1934    only    -       May     20      0:00    1:00    D
1380 Rule    Halifax 1934    only    -       Sep     16      0:00    0       S
1381 Rule    Halifax 1935    only    -       Jun      2      0:00    1:00    D
1382 Rule    Halifax 1935    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       S
1383 Rule    Halifax 1936    only    -       Jun      1      0:00    1:00    D
1384 Rule    Halifax 1936    only    -       Sep     14      0:00    0       S
1385 Rule    Halifax 1937    1938    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
1386 Rule    Halifax 1937    1941    -       Sep     Mon>=24      0:00    0       S
1387 Rule    Halifax 1939    only    -       May     28      0:00    1:00    D
1388 Rule    Halifax 1940    1941    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
1389 Rule    Halifax 1946    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1390 Rule    Halifax 1946    1949    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1391 Rule    Halifax 1951    1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1392 Rule    Halifax 1951    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1393 Rule    Halifax 1956    1959    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1394 Rule    Halifax 1956    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1395 Rule    Halifax 1962    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1396 Rule    Halifax 1962    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1397 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1398 Zone America/Halifax    -4:14:24 -      LMT     1902 Jun 15
1399                         -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1918
1400                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1919
1401                         -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1402                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1946
1403                         -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1974
1404                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1405 Zone America/Glace_Bay  -3:59:48 -      LMT     1902 Jun 15
1406                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1953
1407                         -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1954
1408                         -4:00   -       AST     1972
1409                         -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1974
1410                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1411 
1412 # New Brunswick
1413 
1414 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
1415 # The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf>
1416 # says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
1417 # <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
1418 # clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
1419 # For now, assume it started in 1993.
1420 
1421 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1422 Rule    Moncton 1933    1935    -       Jun     Sun>=8       1:00    1:00    D
1423 Rule    Moncton 1933    1935    -       Sep     Sun>=8       1:00    0       S
1424 Rule    Moncton 1936    1938    -       Jun     Sun>=1       1:00    1:00    D
1425 Rule    Moncton 1936    1938    -       Sep     Sun>=1       1:00    0       S
1426 Rule    Moncton 1939    only    -       May     27      1:00    1:00    D
1427 Rule    Moncton 1939    1941    -       Sep     Sat>=21      1:00    0       S
1428 Rule    Moncton 1940    only    -       May     19      1:00    1:00    D
1429 Rule    Moncton 1941    only    -       May      4      1:00    1:00    D
1430 Rule    Moncton 1946    1972    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1431 Rule    Moncton 1946    1956    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1432 Rule    Moncton 1957    1972    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1433 Rule    Moncton 1993    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:01    1:00    D
1434 Rule    Moncton 1993    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:01    0       S
1435 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1436 Zone America/Moncton    -4:19:08 -      LMT     1883 Dec  9
1437                         -5:00   -       EST     1902 Jun 15
1438                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1933
1439                         -4:00   Moncton A%sT    1942
1440                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1946
1441                         -4:00   Moncton A%sT    1973
1442                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1993
1443                         -4:00   Moncton A%sT    2007
1444                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1445 
1446 # Quebec
1447 
1448 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
1449 # See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal.
1450 #
1451 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
1452 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
1453 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
1454 # The Quebec department of justice writes in
1455 # "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
1456 # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
1457 # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
1458 # observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
1459 # http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
1460 # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
1461 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
1462 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
1463 
1464 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1465 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 -    LMT     1884
1466                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1970
1467                         -4:00   -       AST
1468 
1469 # Ontario
1470 
1471 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1472 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1473 # Toronto.
1474 # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1475 # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1476 # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1477 # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
1478 
1479 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1480 # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
1481 # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
1482 # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
1483 # have already done so.  In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
1484 # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
1485 # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
1486 # only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
1487 # presumably that should be -07-06.  (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
1488 # earlier in June).
1489 #
1490 # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
1491 
1492 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
1493 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
1494 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
1495 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
1496 # He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
1497 # http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
1498 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
1499 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
1500 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
1501 #
1502 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1503 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
1504 # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
1505 # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
1506 # violation of the official Ontario rules.
1507 #
1508 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1509 # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
1510 # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
1511 #
1512 #       The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
1513 #       This means they spend about half the time on central time and
1514 #       the other half on eastern time.
1515 #
1516 #       For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
1517 #
1518 #       "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
1519 #       Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
1520 #       said.  "I don't see any changes happening here."
1521 #
1522 # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
1523 # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
1524 
1525 # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
1526 # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
1527 # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
1528 # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
1529 # time keeping since 1952, at least.
1530 
1531 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
1532 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
1533 # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
1534 # McKinnon sounds more authoritative.  For now, assume that Atikokan
1535 # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
1536 # ended.  This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
1537 # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
1538 # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
1539 
1540 # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
1541 #
1542 # Currently the database has:
1543 #
1544 # # Ontario
1545 #
1546 # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1547 # # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1548 # # Toronto.
1549 # # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1550 # # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1551 # # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1552 #
1553 # In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
1554 # right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
1555 # time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
1556 #
1557 #     The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
1558 #     except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
1559 #
1560 # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
1561 #
1562 # I only came across this incidentally.  I don't know if Windsor began
1563 # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
1564 #
1565 # By the way, the article continues by noting that:
1566 #
1567 #     Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
1568 #     three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
1569 
1570 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
1571 #
1572 # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
1573 # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
1574 # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
1575 # was available at
1576 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
1577 #
1578 # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
1579 #
1580 #   A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
1581 # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
1582 # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
1583 # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
1584 # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
1585 # for the other provinces only approximate:
1586 #
1587 #       Province        Daylight saving time used
1588 # Prince Edward Island  Not used.
1589 # Nova Scotia           In Halifax only.
1590 # New Brunswick         In St. John only.
1591 # Quebec                In the following places:
1592 #                       Montreal        Lachine
1593 #                       Quebec          Mont-Royal
1594 #                       Lévis          Iberville
1595 #                       St. Lambert     Cap de la Madelèine
1596 #                       Verdun          Loretteville
1597 #                       Westmount       Richmond
1598 #                       Outremont       St. Jérôme
1599 #                       Longueuil       Greenfield Park
1600 #                       Arvida          Waterloo
1601 #                       Chambly-Canton  Beaulieu
1602 #                       Melbourne       La Tuque
1603 #                       St. Théophile  Buckingham
1604 # Ontario               Used generally in the cities and towns along
1605 #                       the southerly part of the province. Not
1606 #                       used in the northwesterly part.
1607 # Manitoba              Not used.
1608 # Saskatchewan          In Regina only.
1609 # Alberta               Not used.
1610 # British Columbia      Not used.
1611 #
1612 #   With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
1613 # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
1614 
1615 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1616 Rule    Toronto 1919    only    -       Mar     30      23:30   1:00    D
1617 Rule    Toronto 1919    only    -       Oct     26      0:00    0       S
1618 Rule    Toronto 1920    only    -       May      2      2:00    1:00    D
1619 Rule    Toronto 1920    only    -       Sep     26      0:00    0       S
1620 Rule    Toronto 1921    only    -       May     15      2:00    1:00    D
1621 Rule    Toronto 1921    only    -       Sep     15      2:00    0       S
1622 Rule    Toronto 1922    1923    -       May     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
1623 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
1624 # was meant.
1625 Rule    Toronto 1922    1926    -       Sep     Sun>=15      2:00    0       S
1626 Rule    Toronto 1924    1927    -       May     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
1627 # The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
1628 # Rule  Toronto 1927    1937    -       Sep     Sun>=25      2:00    0       S
1629 # Rule  Toronto 1928    1937    -       Apr     Sun>=25      2:00    1:00    D
1630 # Rule  Toronto 1938    1940    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1631 # Rule  Toronto 1938    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1632 # The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
1633 # (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
1634 Rule    Toronto 1927    1932    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1635 Rule    Toronto 1928    1931    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1636 Rule    Toronto 1932    only    -       May     1       2:00    1:00    D
1637 Rule    Toronto 1933    1940    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1638 Rule    Toronto 1933    only    -       Oct     1       2:00    0       S
1639 Rule    Toronto 1934    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1640 Rule    Toronto 1945    1946    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1641 Rule    Toronto 1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1642 Rule    Toronto 1947    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
1643 Rule    Toronto 1947    1948    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
1644 Rule    Toronto 1949    only    -       Nov     lastSun 0:00    0       S
1645 Rule    Toronto 1950    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1646 Rule    Toronto 1950    only    -       Nov     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1647 Rule    Toronto 1951    1956    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1648 # Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
1649 # namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
1650 # is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
1651 # Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
1652 Rule    Toronto 1957    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1653 
1654 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1655 # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
1656 # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
1657 # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
1658 # Saskatchewan, for one year."
1659 
1660 # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
1661 # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
1662 # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
1663 # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
1664 # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
1665 # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
1666 # include the Thunder Bay area....  When Canada adopted daylight
1667 # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
1668 # already, did not change their clocks....  During the Second World
1669 # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
1670 # months for the remainder of the war years.
1671 
1672 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1673 Zone America/Toronto    -5:17:32 -      LMT     1895
1674                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1919
1675                         -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1676                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1946
1677                         -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1974
1678                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1679 Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 -     LMT     1895
1680                         -6:00   -       CST     1910
1681                         -5:00   -       EST     1942
1682                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1970
1683                         -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1973
1684                         -5:00   -       EST     1974
1685                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1686 Zone America/Nipigon    -5:53:04 -      LMT     1895
1687                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1940 Sep 29
1688                         -5:00   1:00    EDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1689                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1690 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 -     LMT     1895
1691                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1940 Sep 29
1692                         -6:00   1:00    CDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1693                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT
1694 Zone America/Atikokan   -6:06:28 -      LMT     1895
1695                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1940 Sep 29
1696                         -6:00   1:00    CDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1697                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1945 Sep 30  2:00
1698                         -5:00   -       EST
1699 
1700 
1701 # Manitoba
1702 
1703 # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
1704 # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
1705 # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
1706 # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
1707 # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
1708 # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
1709 # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
1710 # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
1711 # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
1712 # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
1713 # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
1714 # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
1715 # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
1716 
1717 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
1718 # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
1719 # starting 1966.  Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
1720 # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
1721 
1722 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1723 Rule    Winn    1916    only    -       Apr     23      0:00    1:00    D
1724 Rule    Winn    1916    only    -       Sep     17      0:00    0       S
1725 Rule    Winn    1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1726 Rule    Winn    1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1727 Rule    Winn    1937    only    -       May     16      2:00    1:00    D
1728 Rule    Winn    1937    only    -       Sep     26      2:00    0       S
1729 Rule    Winn    1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1730 Rule    Winn    1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1731 Rule    Winn    1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1732 Rule    Winn    1946    only    -       May     12      2:00    1:00    D
1733 Rule    Winn    1946    only    -       Oct     13      2:00    0       S
1734 Rule    Winn    1947    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1735 Rule    Winn    1947    1949    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1736 Rule    Winn    1950    only    -       May      1      2:00    1:00    D
1737 Rule    Winn    1950    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
1738 Rule    Winn    1951    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1739 Rule    Winn    1951    1958    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1740 Rule    Winn    1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1741 Rule    Winn    1960    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1742 Rule    Winn    1963    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1743 Rule    Winn    1963    only    -       Sep     22      2:00    0       S
1744 Rule    Winn    1966    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00s   1:00    D
1745 Rule    Winn    1966    2005    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00s   0       S
1746 Rule    Winn    1987    2005    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00s   1:00    D
1747 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1748 Zone America/Winnipeg   -6:28:36 -      LMT     1887 Jul 16
1749                         -6:00   Winn    C%sT    2006
1750                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT
1751 
1752 
1753 # Saskatchewan
1754 
1755 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1756 # The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
1757 # level.  As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
1758 # elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
1759 # the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
1760 # DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
1761 # presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
1762 # the summer".  The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
1763 # time was noted.
1764 
1765 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1766 # Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
1767 # City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
1768 
1769 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1770 # Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
1771 # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
1772 # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
1773 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
1774 # are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
1775 
1776 # From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
1777 # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
1778 # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
1779 # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
1780 # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
1781 #
1782 # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
1783 # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
1784 # their affiliations in one direction or the other.  In 1965 a provincial
1785 # referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
1786 #
1787 # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
1788 # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
1789 # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
1790 # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
1791 # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
1792 # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
1793 # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
1794 #
1795 # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
1796 # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
1797 # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
1798 # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
1799 # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
1800 # since sometime in the 1960s.
1801 
1802 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1803 # The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
1804 # long and rather painful to read.
1805 # http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
1806 
1807 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1808 Rule    Regina  1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1809 Rule    Regina  1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1810 Rule    Regina  1930    1934    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
1811 Rule    Regina  1930    1934    -       Oct     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
1812 Rule    Regina  1937    1941    -       Apr     Sun>=8       0:00    1:00    D
1813 Rule    Regina  1937    only    -       Oct     Sun>=8       0:00    0       S
1814 Rule    Regina  1938    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
1815 Rule    Regina  1939    1941    -       Oct     Sun>=8       0:00    0       S
1816 Rule    Regina  1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1817 Rule    Regina  1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1818 Rule    Regina  1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1819 Rule    Regina  1946    only    -       Apr     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
1820 Rule    Regina  1946    only    -       Oct     Sun>=8       2:00    0       S
1821 Rule    Regina  1947    1957    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1822 Rule    Regina  1947    1957    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1823 Rule    Regina  1959    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1824 Rule    Regina  1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1825 #
1826 Rule    Swift   1957    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1827 Rule    Swift   1957    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1828 Rule    Swift   1959    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1829 Rule    Swift   1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1830 Rule    Swift   1960    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1831 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1832 Zone America/Regina     -6:58:36 -      LMT     1905 Sep
1833                         -7:00   Regina  M%sT    1960 Apr lastSun  2:00
1834                         -6:00   -       CST
1835 Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 -   LMT     1905 Sep
1836                         -7:00   Canada  M%sT    1946 Apr lastSun  2:00
1837                         -7:00   Regina  M%sT    1950
1838                         -7:00   Swift   M%sT    1972 Apr lastSun  2:00
1839                         -6:00   -       CST
1840 
1841 
1842 # Alberta
1843 
1844 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1845 Rule    Edm     1918    1919    -       Apr     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
1846 Rule    Edm     1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1847 Rule    Edm     1919    only    -       May     27      2:00    0       S
1848 Rule    Edm     1920    1923    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1849 Rule    Edm     1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1850 Rule    Edm     1921    1923    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1851 Rule    Edm     1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1852 Rule    Edm     1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1853 Rule    Edm     1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1854 Rule    Edm     1947    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1855 Rule    Edm     1947    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1856 Rule    Edm     1967    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1857 Rule    Edm     1967    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1858 Rule    Edm     1969    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1859 Rule    Edm     1969    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1860 Rule    Edm     1972    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1861 Rule    Edm     1972    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1862 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1863 Zone America/Edmonton   -7:33:52 -      LMT     1906 Sep
1864                         -7:00   Edm     M%sT    1987
1865                         -7:00   Canada  M%sT
1866 
1867 
1868 # British Columbia
1869 
1870 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1871 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
1872 # been like Vancouver.
1873 # Dawson Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
1874 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
1875 
1876 # It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
1877 
1878 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
1879 # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
1880 # that do not currently observe daylight saving:
1881 # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
1882 # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
1883 # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
1884 
1885 # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
1886 # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
1887 # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
1888 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1889 # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
1890 # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
1891 # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
1892 
1893 # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
1894 # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain.  I e-mailed Tammy a few months
1895 # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess.  She said it was just
1896 # as plausible as any other date (in June).  She also said that after writing
1897 # the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
1898 # subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
1899 # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
1900 
1901 # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
1902 # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
1903 # Exact date unknown
1904 # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
1905 # Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
1906 # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
1907 # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
1908 # note 1:
1909 # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
1910 # Creston did not change its clocks.
1911 # note 2:
1912 # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
1913 # Creston did not oblige.
1914 # note 3:
1915 # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
1916 # (UTC-7) forever.
1917 # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
1918 # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
1919 
1920 # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
1921 # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
1922 # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
1923 # the change.  It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
1924 # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
1925 # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
1926 
1927 # The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
1928 
1929 # From Matt Johnson (2015-09-21):
1930 # Fort Nelson, BC, Canada will cancel DST this year.  So while previously they
1931 # were aligned with America/Vancouver, they're now aligned with
1932 # America/Dawson_Creek.
1933 # http://www.northernrockies.ca/EN/meta/news/archives/2015/northern-rockies-time-change.html
1934 #
1935 # From Tim Parenti (2015-09-23):
1936 # This requires a new zone for the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality,
1937 # America/Fort_Nelson.  The resolution of 2014-12-08 was reached following a
1938 # 2014-11-15 poll with nearly 75% support.  Effectively, the municipality has
1939 # been on MST (-0700) like Dawson Creek since it advanced its clocks on
1940 # 2015-03-08.
1941 #
1942 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
1943 # Shanks says Fort Nelson did not observe DST in 1946, unlike Vancouver.
1944 
1945 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1946 Rule    Vanc    1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1947 Rule    Vanc    1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1948 Rule    Vanc    1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1949 Rule    Vanc    1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1950 Rule    Vanc    1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
1951 Rule    Vanc    1946    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1952 Rule    Vanc    1946    only    -       Oct     13      2:00    0       S
1953 Rule    Vanc    1947    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1954 Rule    Vanc    1962    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1955 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1956 Zone America/Vancouver  -8:12:28 -      LMT     1884
1957                         -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1987
1958                         -8:00   Canada  P%sT
1959 Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -    LMT     1884
1960                         -8:00   Canada  P%sT    1947
1961                         -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1972 Aug 30  2:00
1962                         -7:00   -       MST
1963 Zone America/Fort_Nelson        -8:10:47 -      LMT     1884
1964                         -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1946
1965                         -8:00   -       PST     1947
1966                         -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1987
1967                         -8:00   Canada  P%sT    2015 Mar  8  2:00
1968                         -7:00   -       MST
1969 Zone America/Creston    -7:46:04 -      LMT     1884
1970                         -7:00   -       MST     1916 Oct 1
1971                         -8:00   -       PST     1918 Jun 2
1972                         -7:00   -       MST
1973 
1974 # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
1975 
1976 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1977 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973.  Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
1978 # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
1979 #       * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
1980 #       c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9....
1981 #       see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
1982 #       [http://canlii.ca/t/7vhg]
1983 #       * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
1984 #       * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
1985 #       * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
1986 
1987 # From Brian Inglis (2015-04-14):
1988 #
1989 # I tried to trace the history of Yukon time and found the following
1990 # regulations, giving the reference title and URL if found, regulation name,
1991 # and relevant quote if available.  Each regulation specifically revokes its
1992 # predecessor.  The final reference is to the current Interpretation Act
1993 # authorizing and resulting from these regulatory changes.
1994 #
1995 # Only recent regulations were retrievable via Yukon government site search or
1996 # index, and only some via Canadian legal sources.  Other sources used include
1997 # articles titled "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" from JRASC via ADS
1998 # Abstracts, cited by ADO for 1932 ..., and updated versions from 1958 and
1999 # 1970 quoted below; each article includes current extracts from provincial
2000 # and territorial ST and DST regulations at the end, summaries and details of
2001 # standard times and daylight saving time at many locations across Canada,
2002 # with time zone maps, tables and calculations for Canadian Sunrise, Sunset,
2003 # and LMST; they also cover many countries and global locations, with a chart
2004 # and table showing current Universal Time offsets, and may be useful as
2005 # another source of information for 1970 and earlier.
2006 #
2007 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; JRASC, Vol. 26,
2008 #   pp.49-77; February 1932; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
2009 #   http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JRASC..26...49S from p.75:
2010 #   Yukon Interpretation Ordinance
2011 #   Yukon standard time is the local mean time at the one hundred and
2012 #   thirty-fifth meridian.
2013 #
2014 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; Thomson, Malcolm M.;
2015 #   JRASC, Vol. 52, pp.193-223; October 1958; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
2016 #   (ADS) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958JRASC..52..193S from pp.220-1:
2017 #   Yukon Interpretation Ordinance, 1955, Chap. 16.
2018 #
2019 #     (1) Subject to this section, standard time shall be reckoned as nine
2020 #     hours behind Greenwich Time and called Yukon Standard Time.
2021 #
2022 #     (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Commissioner may make regulations
2023 #     varying the manner of reckoning standard time.
2024 #
2025 # * Yukon Territory Commissioner's Order 1966-20 Interpretation Ordinance
2026 #   http://? - no online source found
2027 #
2028 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Thomson, Malcolm M.; JRASC,
2029 #   Vol. 64, pp.129-162; June 1970; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
2030 #   http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970JRASC..64..129T from p.156: Yukon
2031 #   Territory Commissioner's Order 1967-59 Interpretation Ordinance ...
2032 #
2033 #     1. Commissioner's Order 1966-20 dated at Whitehorse in the Yukon
2034 #     Territory on 27th January, 1966, is hereby revoked.
2035 #
2036 #     2. Yukon (East) Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the
2037 #     Interpretation Ordinance from and after mid-night on the 28th day of May,
2038 #     1967 shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that
2039 #     is to say, eight hours behind Greenwich Time in the area of the Yukon
2040 #     Territory lying east of the 138th degree longitude west.
2041 #
2042 #     3. In the remainder of the Territory, lying west of the 138th degree
2043 #     longitude west, Yukon (West) Standard Time shall be reckoned as nine
2044 #     hours behind Greenwich Time.
2045 #
2046 # * Yukon Standard Time defined as Pacific Standard Time, YCO 1973/214
2047 #   http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yco-1973-214/latest/yco-1973-214.html
2048 #   C.O. 1973/214 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
2049 #
2050 #     1. Effective October 28, 1973 Commissioner's Order 1967/59 is hereby
2051 #     revoked.
2052 #
2053 #     2. Yukon Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the Interpretation
2054 #     Act from and after midnight on the twenty-eighth day of October, 1973
2055 #     shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that is
2056 #     to say eight hours behind Greenwich Time.
2057 #
2058 # * O.I.C. 1980/02 INTERPRETATION ACT
2059 #   http://? - no online source found
2060 #
2061 # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time, YOIC 1987/56
2062 #   http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-1987-56/latest/yoic-1987-56.html
2063 #   O.I.C. 1987/056 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
2064 #
2065 #   In every year between
2066 #     (a) two o'clock in the morning in the first Sunday in April, and
2067 #     (b) two o'clock in the morning in the last Sunday in October,
2068 #   Standard Time shall be reckoned as seven hours behind Greenwich Time and
2069 #   called Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
2070 #   ...
2071 #   Dated ... 9th day of March, A.D., 1987.
2072 #
2073 # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time 2006, YOIC 2006/127
2074 #   http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-2006-127/latest/yoic-2006-127.html
2075 #   O.I.C. 2006/127 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
2076 #
2077 #     1. In Yukon each year the time for general purposes shall be 7 hours
2078 #     behind Greenwich mean time during the period commencing at two o'clock
2079 #     in the forenoon on the second Sunday of March and ending at two o'clock
2080 #     in the forenoon on the first Sunday of November and shall be called
2081 #     Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
2082 #
2083 #     2. Order-in-Council 1987/56 is revoked.
2084 #
2085 #     3. This order comes into force January 1, 2007.
2086 #
2087 # * Interpretation Act, RSY 2002, c 125
2088 # http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/stat/rsy-2002-c-125/latest/rsy-2002-c-125.html
2089 
2090 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
2091 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
2092 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
2093 # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html
2094 #
2095 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
2096 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
2097 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
2098 
2099 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2100 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
2101 # http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html
2102 # (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
2103 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST.  We don't know when
2104 # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
2105 
2106 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
2107 # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
2108 # Pangnirtung wobbled.  Here is the result of their wobble:
2109 #
2110 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
2111 #
2112 #       First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
2113 #       Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
2114 #
2115 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
2116 #
2117 #       Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
2118 #
2119 # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
2120 # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
2121 # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
2122 # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
2123 # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
2124 # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
2125 # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
2126 # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
2127 # the current state of affairs.
2128 
2129 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
2130 # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
2131 # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
2132 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
2133 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
2134 # for municipal offices and schools....  Igloolik [was similar but then]
2135 # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
2136 
2137 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
2138 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
2139 # for these potential new Zones.
2140 #
2141 # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
2142 # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
2143 # zone] skip daylight savings.  Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
2144 # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
2145 # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
2146 # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
2147 # required to use daylight savings.
2148 
2149 # From <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html>
2150 # Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):
2151 # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
2152 # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
2153 # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
2154 # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
2155 # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
2156 # the rest of the territory for the winter.  Cambridge Bay remained on
2157 # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
2158 # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
2159 # unified time zone in 1999.
2160 #
2161 # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
2162 # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
2163 
2164 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2165 # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
2166 
2167 # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
2168 # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
2169 # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
2170 # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern).  Of the
2171 # cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
2172 # has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round.  I'm
2173 # checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
2174 # more.
2175 # [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]
2176 
2177 # From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
2178 # According to ...
2179 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
2180 # (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
2181 # for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
2182 # round.  Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
2183 # I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
2184 # predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
2185 # The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
2186 #
2187 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-17):
2188 # For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
2189 # daylight saving only during wartime.  Gwillim Law's email also
2190 # mentioned maps now maintained by National Research Council Canada;
2191 # see above for an up-to-date link.
2192 
2193 # From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
2194 # ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
2195 # Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
2196 # Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
2197 # daylight saving....
2198 # http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
2199 
2200 # From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
2201 # Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
2202 # Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
2203 # the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
2204 # decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
2205 #
2206 # According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
2207 # went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
2208 #
2209 # On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
2210 # 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
2211 # talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
2212 # to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
2213 # explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
2214 # (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
2215 # i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
2216 # had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
2217 # so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
2218 #
2219 # On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
2220 # phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
2221 # of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
2222 # information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
2223 # Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
2224 # Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
2225 # and worked in Resolute Bay...
2226 #
2227 # On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
2228 # Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
2229 # 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
2230 # on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
2231 # had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
2232 # tell me when the practice had stopped.
2233 #
2234 # On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
2235 # somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
2236 # off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
2237 # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
2238 # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
2239 # Aziz:
2240 # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
2241 #
2242 # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
2243 # Eastern Standard Time.
2244 #
2245 # Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
2246 # 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
2247 # of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
2248 # the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
2249 #
2250 # This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
2251 #
2252 # I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
2253 # responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
2254 # may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
2255 # search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
2256 #
2257 # If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
2258 # never have contacted her.  I now believe that all the information I
2259 # obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
2260 # I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
2261 
2262 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2263 Rule    NT_YK   1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
2264 Rule    NT_YK   1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
2265 Rule    NT_YK   1919    only    -       May     25      2:00    1:00    D
2266 Rule    NT_YK   1919    only    -       Nov      1      0:00    0       S
2267 Rule    NT_YK   1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
2268 Rule    NT_YK   1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
2269 Rule    NT_YK   1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
2270 Rule    NT_YK   1965    only    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    2:00    DD
2271 Rule    NT_YK   1965    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2272 Rule    NT_YK   1980    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2273 Rule    NT_YK   1980    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2274 Rule    NT_YK   1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
2275 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2276 # aka Panniqtuuq
2277 Zone America/Pangnirtung 0      -       -00     1921 # trading post est.
2278                         -4:00   NT_YK   A%sT    1995 Apr Sun>=1  2:00
2279                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1999 Oct 31  2:00
2280                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2281                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT
2282 # formerly Frobisher Bay
2283 Zone America/Iqaluit    0       -       -00     1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
2284                         -5:00   NT_YK   E%sT    1999 Oct 31  2:00
2285                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2286                         -5:00   Canada  E%sT
2287 # aka Qausuittuq
2288 Zone America/Resolute   0       -       -00     1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
2289                         -6:00   NT_YK   C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2290                         -5:00   -       EST     2001 Apr  1  3:00
2291                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2006 Oct 29  2:00
2292                         -5:00   -       EST     2007 Mar 11  3:00
2293                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT
2294 # aka Kangiqiniq
2295 Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0     -       -00     1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
2296                         -6:00   NT_YK   C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2297                         -5:00   -       EST     2001 Apr  1  3:00
2298                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT
2299 # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
2300 Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0    -       -00     1920 # trading post est.?
2301                         -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1999 Oct 31  2:00
2302                         -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2303                         -5:00   -       EST     2000 Nov  5  0:00
2304                         -6:00   -       CST     2001 Apr  1  3:00
2305                         -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2306 Zone America/Yellowknife 0      -       -00     1935 # Yellowknife founded?
2307                         -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1980
2308                         -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2309 Zone America/Inuvik     0       -       -00     1953 # Inuvik founded
2310                         -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1979 Apr lastSun  2:00
2311                         -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1980
2312                         -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2313 Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 -      LMT     1900 Aug 20
2314                         -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1967 May 28  0:00
2315                         -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1980
2316                         -8:00   Canada  P%sT
2317 Zone America/Dawson     -9:17:40 -      LMT     1900 Aug 20
2318                         -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1973 Oct 28  0:00
2319                         -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1980
2320                         -8:00   Canada  P%sT
2321 
2322 
2323 ###############################################################################
2324 
2325 # Mexico
2326 
2327 # From Paul Eggert (2014-12-07):
2328 # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
2329 # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
2330 # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
2331 # http://www.diputados.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/index.htm
2332 #
2333 # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
2334 # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
2335 # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
2336 # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
2337 # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
2338 # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
2339 
2340 # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
2341 # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
2342 # tz database.  I think they can best be explained by supposing that
2343 # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
2344 # the relevant documents.
2345 
2346 # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
2347 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
2348 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
2349 #
2350 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
2351 #
2352 # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
2353 # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
2354 #
2355 # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
2356 #    - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
2357 #    - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
2358 #    - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
2359 #
2360 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
2361 #    at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
2362 #    BajaNorte: GMT+7
2363 #    BajaSur:   GMT+6
2364 #    General:   GMT+5
2365 #
2366 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
2367 #    BajaNorte: GMT+8
2368 #    BajaSur:   GMT+7
2369 #    General:   GMT+6
2370 #
2371 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
2372 #
2373 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
2374 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
2375 # For an English translation of the decree, see
2376 # "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
2377 # http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html
2378 
2379 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
2380 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
2381 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
2382 
2383 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
2384 # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
2385 # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
2386 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
2387 # Arizona year round.
2388 
2389 # From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
2390 # <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
2391 # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
2392 # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
2393 # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
2394 # whole year.
2395 
2396 # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
2397 # <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
2398 # (translated):...
2399 # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
2400 # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
2401 # this year....
2402 # http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001
2403 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
2404 # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
2405 
2406 # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
2407 # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
2408 # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
2409 # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
2410 # ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
2411 # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
2412 # the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
2413 # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
2414 
2415 # Official statute published by the Energy Department
2416 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre
2417 # (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
2418 # and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
2419 
2420 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
2421 #
2422 # http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html
2423 # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
2424 # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
2425 # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
2426 #   the Federal District will not adopt DST.
2427 # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
2428 # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
2429 #   the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
2430 #
2431 # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
2432 
2433 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
2434 # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
2435 # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
2436 # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
2437 # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
2438 # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
2439 # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
2440 # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
2441 # September 30, 2001.
2442 # References: "Diario de Monterrey" <http://www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
2443 # Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
2444 
2445 # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
2446 # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
2447 # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
2448 # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
2449 # next year....  The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
2450 # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
2451 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
2452 # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
2453 
2454 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
2455 # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
2456 # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
2457 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
2458 # confirms this.  Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
2459 
2460 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
2461 #
2462 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2463 # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
2464 # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
2465 # > the United States.
2466 # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
2467 # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
2468 # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
2469 # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
2470 # (Spanish)
2471 #
2472 # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
2473 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
2474 # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
2475 #
2476 # There is also a list of the votes here:
2477 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
2478 #
2479 # Our page:
2480 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
2481 
2482 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
2483 # The page
2484 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2485 # includes this text:
2486 # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
2487 # Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
2488 # Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
2489 # Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
2490 # desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
2491 # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2492 # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
2493 # fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
2494 # internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
2495 # kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
2496 # interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
2497 # efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
2498 # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2499 
2500 # From Steffen Thorsen (2014-12-08), translated by Gwillim Law:
2501 # The Mexican state of Quintana Roo will likely change to EST in 2015.
2502 #
2503 # http://www.unioncancun.mx/articulo/2014/12/04/medio-ambiente/congreso-aprueba-una-hora-mas-de-sol-en-qroo
2504 # "With this change, the time conflict that has existed between the municipios
2505 # of Quintana Roo and the municipio of Felipe Carrillo Puerto may come to an
2506 # end. The latter declared itself in rebellion 15 years ago when a time change
2507 # was initiated in Mexico, and since then it has refused to change its time
2508 # zone along with the rest of the country."
2509 #
2510 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-01-14), translated by Gwillim Law:
2511 # http://sipse.com/novedades/confirman-aplicacion-de-nueva-zona-horaria-para-quintana-roo-132331.html
2512 # "...the new time zone will come into effect at two o'clock on the first Sunday
2513 # of February, when we will have to advance the clock one hour from its current
2514 # time..."
2515 # Also, the new zone will not use DST.
2516 #
2517 # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2015-02-02):
2518 # The decree that modifies the Mexican Hour System Law has finally
2519 # been published at the Diario Oficial de la Federación
2520 # http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5380123&fecha=31/01/2015
2521 # It establishes 5 zones for Mexico:
2522 # 1- Zona Centro (Central Zone): Corresponds to longitude 90 W,
2523 #    includes most of Mexico, excluding what's mentioned below.
2524 # 2- Zona Pacífico (Pacific Zone): Longitude 105 W, includes the
2525 #    states of Baja California Sur; Chihuahua; Nayarit (excluding Bahía
2526 #    de Banderas which lies in Central Zone); Sinaloa and Sonora.
2527 # 3- Zona Noroeste (Northwest Zone): Longitude 120 W, includes the
2528 #    state of Baja California.
2529 # 4- Zona Sureste (Southeast Zone): Longitude 75 W, includes the state
2530 #    of Quintana Roo.
2531 # 5- The islands, reefs and keys shall take their timezone from the
2532 #    longitude they are located at.
2533 
2534 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2535 Rule    Mexico  1939    only    -       Feb     5       0:00    1:00    D
2536 Rule    Mexico  1939    only    -       Jun     25      0:00    0       S
2537 Rule    Mexico  1940    only    -       Dec     9       0:00    1:00    D
2538 Rule    Mexico  1941    only    -       Apr     1       0:00    0       S
2539 Rule    Mexico  1943    only    -       Dec     16      0:00    1:00    W # War
2540 Rule    Mexico  1944    only    -       May     1       0:00    0       S
2541 Rule    Mexico  1950    only    -       Feb     12      0:00    1:00    D
2542 Rule    Mexico  1950    only    -       Jul     30      0:00    0       S
2543 Rule    Mexico  1996    2000    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
2544 Rule    Mexico  1996    2000    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2545 Rule    Mexico  2001    only    -       May     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
2546 Rule    Mexico  2001    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2547 Rule    Mexico  2002    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    D
2548 Rule    Mexico  2002    max     -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2549 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2550 # Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
2551 Zone America/Cancun     -5:47:04 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:12:56
2552                         -6:00   -       CST     1981 Dec 23
2553                         -5:00   Mexico  E%sT    1998 Aug  2  2:00
2554                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2015 Feb  1  2:00
2555                         -5:00   -       EST
2556 # Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
2557 Zone America/Merida     -5:58:28 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:01:32
2558                         -6:00   -       CST     1981 Dec 23
2559                         -5:00   -       EST     1982 Dec  2
2560                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2561 # Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
2562 # This includes the following municipalities:
2563 #   in Coahuila: Ocampo, Acuña, Zaragoza, Jiménez, Piedras Negras, Nava,
2564 #     Guerrero, Hidalgo.
2565 #   in Nuevo León: Anáhuac, Los Aldama.
2566 #   in Tamaulipas: Nuevo Laredo, Guerrero, Mier, Miguel Alemán, Camargo,
2567 #     Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Reynosa, Río Bravo, Valle Hermoso, Matamoros.
2568 # See: Inicia mañana Horario de Verano en zona fronteriza, El Universal,
2569 # 2016-03-12
2570 # http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/estados/2016/03/12/inicia-manana-horario-de-verano-en-zona-fronteriza
2571 Zone America/Matamoros  -6:40:00 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
2572                         -6:00   -       CST     1988
2573                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1989
2574                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2010
2575                         -6:00   US      C%sT
2576 # Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
2577 Zone America/Monterrey  -6:41:16 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
2578                         -6:00   -       CST     1988
2579                         -6:00   US      C%sT    1989
2580                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2581 # Central Mexico
2582 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -     LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:23:24
2583                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2584                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2585                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2586                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2587                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2588                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2001 Sep 30  2:00
2589                         -6:00   -       CST     2002 Feb 20
2590                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2591 # Chihuahua (near US border)
2592 # This includes the municipalities of Janos, Ascensión, Juárez, Guadalupe,
2593 # Práxedis G Guerrero, Coyame del Sotol, Ojinaga, and Manuel Benavides.
2594 # (See the 2016-03-12 El Universal source mentioned above.)
2595 Zone America/Ojinaga    -6:57:40 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:02:20
2596                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2597                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2598                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2599                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2600                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2601                         -6:00   -       CST     1996
2602                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    1998
2603                         -6:00   -       CST     1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
2604                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    2010
2605                         -7:00   US      M%sT
2606 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
2607 Zone America/Chihuahua  -7:04:20 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
2608                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2609                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2610                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2611                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2612                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2613                         -6:00   -       CST     1996
2614                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    1998
2615                         -6:00   -       CST     1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
2616                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT
2617 # Sonora
2618 Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
2619                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2620                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2621                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2622                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2623                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2624                         -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2625                         -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2626                         -8:00   -       PST     1970
2627                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    1999
2628                         -7:00   -       MST
2629 
2630 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
2631 # According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
2632 # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
2633 # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
2634 #
2635 # (Spanish)
2636 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
2637 # país, a partir de este domingo
2638 # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
2639 #
2640 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
2641 # País
2642 # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50
2643 #
2644 # (English)
2645 # Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
2646 # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
2647 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
2648 #
2649 # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
2650 # will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
2651 # zone ..."
2652 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
2653 
2654 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
2655 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
2656 
2657 # Mazatlán
2658 Zone America/Mazatlan   -7:05:40 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
2659                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2660                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2661                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2662                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2663                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2664                         -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2665                         -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2666                         -8:00   -       PST     1970
2667                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT
2668 
2669 # Bahía de Banderas
2670 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas     -7:01:00 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
2671                         -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2672                         -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2673                         -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2674                         -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2675                         -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2676                         -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2677                         -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2678                         -8:00   -       PST     1970
2679                         -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    2010 Apr  4  2:00
2680                         -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2681 
2682 # Baja California
2683 Zone America/Tijuana    -7:48:04 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
2684                         -7:00   -       MST     1924
2685                         -8:00   -       PST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2686                         -7:00   -       MST     1930 Nov 15
2687                         -8:00   -       PST     1931 Apr  1
2688                         -8:00   1:00    PDT     1931 Sep 30
2689                         -8:00   -       PST     1942 Apr 24
2690                         -8:00   1:00    PWT     1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2691                         -8:00   1:00    PPT     1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2692                         -8:00   -       PST     1948 Apr  5
2693                         -8:00   1:00    PDT     1949 Jan 14
2694                         -8:00   -       PST     1954
2695                         -8:00   CA      P%sT    1961
2696                         -8:00   -       PST     1976
2697                         -8:00   US      P%sT    1996
2698                         -8:00   Mexico  P%sT    2001
2699                         -8:00   US      P%sT    2002 Feb 20
2700                         -8:00   Mexico  P%sT    2010
2701                         -8:00   US      P%sT
2702 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2703 # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
2704 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
2705 # through 1995.  This was as per Shanks (1999).  But Shanks & Pottenger say
2706 # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975.  Guy Harris reports
2707 # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
2708 # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
2709 # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then.  This concerns
2710 # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
2711 # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
2712 # name or contents should be.
2713 #
2714 # From Paul Eggert (2015-10-08):
2715 # Formerly there was an America/Santa_Isabel zone, but this appears to
2716 # have come from a misreading of
2717 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2718 # It has been moved to the 'backward' file.
2719 #
2720 #
2721 # Revillagigedo Is
2722 # no information
2723 
2724 ###############################################################################
2725 
2726 # Anguilla
2727 # Antigua and Barbuda
2728 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2729 
2730 # Bahamas
2731 #
2732 # For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
2733 #
2734 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
2735 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
2736 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
2737 # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
2738 
2739 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2740 Rule    Bahamas 1964    1975    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2741 Rule    Bahamas 1964    1975    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2742 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2743 Zone    America/Nassau  -5:09:30 -      LMT     1912 Mar 2
2744                         -5:00   Bahamas E%sT    1976
2745                         -5:00   US      E%sT
2746 
2747 # Barbados
2748 
2749 # For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
2750 
2751 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2752 Rule    Barb    1977    only    -       Jun     12      2:00    1:00    D
2753 Rule    Barb    1977    1978    -       Oct     Sun>=1       2:00    0       S
2754 Rule    Barb    1978    1980    -       Apr     Sun>=15      2:00    1:00    D
2755 Rule    Barb    1979    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
2756 Rule    Barb    1980    only    -       Sep     25      2:00    0       S
2757 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2758 Zone America/Barbados   -3:58:29 -      LMT     1924 # Bridgetown
2759                         -3:58:29 -      BMT     1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
2760                         -4:00   Barb    A%sT
2761 
2762 # Belize
2763 # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2764 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2765 Rule    Belize  1918    1942    -       Oct     Sun>=2       0:00    0:30    -0530
2766 Rule    Belize  1919    1943    -       Feb     Sun>=9       0:00    0       CST
2767 Rule    Belize  1973    only    -       Dec      5      0:00    1:00    CDT
2768 Rule    Belize  1974    only    -       Feb      9      0:00    0       CST
2769 Rule    Belize  1982    only    -       Dec     18      0:00    1:00    CDT
2770 Rule    Belize  1983    only    -       Feb     12      0:00    0       CST
2771 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2772 Zone    America/Belize  -5:52:48 -      LMT     1912 Apr
2773                         -6:00   Belize  %s
2774 
2775 # Bermuda
2776 
2777 # For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
2778 # Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I; round that.
2779 
2780 # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
2781 
2782 # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
2783 # in March, until the first Sunday in November.  And, after the Time Zone
2784 # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
2785 # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
2786 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
2787 
2788 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2789 Zone Atlantic/Bermuda   -4:19:18 -      LMT     1930 Jan  1  2:00 # Hamilton
2790                         -4:00   -       AST     1974 Apr 28  2:00
2791                         -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1976
2792                         -4:00   US      A%sT
2793 
2794 # Cayman Is
2795 # See America/Panama.
2796 
2797 # Costa Rica
2798 
2799 # Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
2800 
2801 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2802 Rule    CR      1979    1980    -       Feb     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
2803 Rule    CR      1979    1980    -       Jun     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
2804 Rule    CR      1991    1992    -       Jan     Sat>=15      0:00    1:00    D
2805 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
2806 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2807 Rule    CR      1991    only    -       Jul      1      0:00    0       S
2808 Rule    CR      1992    only    -       Mar     15      0:00    0       S
2809 # There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
2810 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2811 Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 -      LMT     1890        # San José
2812                         -5:36:13 -      SJMT    1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
2813                         -6:00   CR      C%sT
2814 # Coco
2815 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
2816 
2817 # Cuba
2818 
2819 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2820 # Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
2821 # for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
2822 # For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
2823 
2824 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
2825 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
2826 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
2827 # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
2828 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
2829 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
2830 # Time today."  (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
2831 # sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
2832 # to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
2833 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
2834 
2835 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
2836 # DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the
2837 # years before.  The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ...
2838 # https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html
2839 
2840 # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
2841 # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
2842 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2843 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
2844 # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
2845 # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
2846 # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
2847 # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
2848 
2849 # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
2850 # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
2851 # adjustment in Cuba.  We will stay in daylight saving time:
2852 # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
2853 
2854 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
2855 # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
2856 # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
2857 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
2858 # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
2859 # watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
2860 # to the normal schedule....
2861 
2862 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
2863 # <http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html>, dated yesterday,
2864 # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
2865 # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
2866 # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
2867 #
2868 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
2869 # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
2870 # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
2871 #
2872 # He supplied these references:
2873 #
2874 # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
2875 # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
2876 #
2877 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
2878 # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
2879 #
2880 # Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
2881 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
2882 #
2883 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
2884 
2885 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
2886 # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
2887 # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
2888 # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
2889 # a Cuban information station, and heard
2890 # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
2891 # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
2892 
2893 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
2894 # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
2895 # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
2896 # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
2897 #
2898 # Some more background information is posted here:
2899 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
2900 #
2901 # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
2902 # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
2903 # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
2904 # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
2905 # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
2906 # change some historic records as well.
2907 #
2908 # One example:
2909 # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
2910 
2911 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
2912 # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
2913 # web site, the Granma.  Please check out
2914 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
2915 #
2916 # Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
2917 # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
2918 
2919 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
2920 # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
2921 
2922 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
2923 # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
2924 # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
2925 # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
2926 #
2927 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
2928 # (in Spanish)
2929 
2930 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
2931 # I listened over the Internet to
2932 # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
2933 # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
2934 # the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
2935 # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
2936 
2937 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
2938 # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
2939 # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
2940 # changed at all).
2941 #
2942 # Source:
2943 # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
2944 #
2945 # Our info:
2946 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
2947 #
2948 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
2949 # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
2950 # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
2951 #
2952 # One source (Spanish)
2953 # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
2954 #
2955 # Our page:
2956 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
2957 #
2958 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
2959 # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
2960 # 31 and April 1.
2961 #
2962 # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
2963 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
2964 #
2965 # Our info on it:
2966 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
2967 
2968 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
2969 # Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
2970 # to standard time on 2012-11-04:
2971 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre
2972 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
2973 # For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
2974 
2975 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2976 Rule    Cuba    1928    only    -       Jun     10      0:00    1:00    D
2977 Rule    Cuba    1928    only    -       Oct     10      0:00    0       S
2978 Rule    Cuba    1940    1942    -       Jun     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
2979 Rule    Cuba    1940    1942    -       Sep     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
2980 Rule    Cuba    1945    1946    -       Jun     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
2981 Rule    Cuba    1945    1946    -       Sep     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
2982 Rule    Cuba    1965    only    -       Jun     1       0:00    1:00    D
2983 Rule    Cuba    1965    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       S
2984 Rule    Cuba    1966    only    -       May     29      0:00    1:00    D
2985 Rule    Cuba    1966    only    -       Oct     2       0:00    0       S
2986 Rule    Cuba    1967    only    -       Apr     8       0:00    1:00    D
2987 Rule    Cuba    1967    1968    -       Sep     Sun>=8       0:00    0       S
2988 Rule    Cuba    1968    only    -       Apr     14      0:00    1:00    D
2989 Rule    Cuba    1969    1977    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
2990 Rule    Cuba    1969    1971    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
2991 Rule    Cuba    1972    1974    -       Oct     8       0:00    0       S
2992 Rule    Cuba    1975    1977    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
2993 Rule    Cuba    1978    only    -       May     7       0:00    1:00    D
2994 Rule    Cuba    1978    1990    -       Oct     Sun>=8       0:00    0       S
2995 Rule    Cuba    1979    1980    -       Mar     Sun>=15      0:00    1:00    D
2996 Rule    Cuba    1981    1985    -       May     Sun>=5       0:00    1:00    D
2997 Rule    Cuba    1986    1989    -       Mar     Sun>=14      0:00    1:00    D
2998 Rule    Cuba    1990    1997    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
2999 Rule    Cuba    1991    1995    -       Oct     Sun>=8       0:00s   0       S
3000 Rule    Cuba    1996    only    -       Oct      6      0:00s   0       S
3001 Rule    Cuba    1997    only    -       Oct     12      0:00s   0       S
3002 Rule    Cuba    1998    1999    -       Mar     lastSun 0:00s   1:00    D
3003 Rule    Cuba    1998    2003    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00s   0       S
3004 Rule    Cuba    2000    2003    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:00s   1:00    D
3005 Rule    Cuba    2004    only    -       Mar     lastSun 0:00s   1:00    D
3006 Rule    Cuba    2006    2010    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00s   0       S
3007 Rule    Cuba    2007    only    -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:00s   1:00    D
3008 Rule    Cuba    2008    only    -       Mar     Sun>=15      0:00s   1:00    D
3009 Rule    Cuba    2009    2010    -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:00s   1:00    D
3010 Rule    Cuba    2011    only    -       Mar     Sun>=15      0:00s   1:00    D
3011 Rule    Cuba    2011    only    -       Nov     13      0:00s   0       S
3012 Rule    Cuba    2012    only    -       Apr     1       0:00s   1:00    D
3013 Rule    Cuba    2012    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1       0:00s   0       S
3014 Rule    Cuba    2013    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8       0:00s   1:00    D
3015 
3016 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3017 Zone    America/Havana  -5:29:28 -      LMT     1890
3018                         -5:29:36 -      HMT     1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
3019                         -5:00   Cuba    C%sT
3020 
3021 # Dominica
3022 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3023 
3024 # Dominican Republic
3025 
3026 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
3027 # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
3028 # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
3029 # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
3030 
3031 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
3032 # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
3033 
3034 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
3035 # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
3036 # November 28, 2000, with a new decree.  On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
3037 # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
3038 # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future.  The reason they
3039 # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
3040 # to implement DST.  When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
3041 # decided to revert.
3042 
3043 
3044 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3045 Rule    DR      1966    only    -       Oct     30      0:00    1:00    EDT
3046 Rule    DR      1967    only    -       Feb     28      0:00    0       EST
3047 Rule    DR      1969    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0:30    -0430
3048 Rule    DR      1970    only    -       Feb     21      0:00    0       EST
3049 Rule    DR      1971    only    -       Jan     20      0:00    0       EST
3050 Rule    DR      1972    1974    -       Jan     21      0:00    0       EST
3051 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3052 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 -   LMT     1890
3053                         -4:40   -       SDMT    1933 Apr  1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
3054                         -5:00   DR      %s      1974 Oct 27
3055                         -4:00   -       AST     2000 Oct 29  2:00
3056                         -5:00   US      E%sT    2000 Dec  3  1:00
3057                         -4:00   -       AST
3058 
3059 # El Salvador
3060 
3061 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3062 Rule    Salv    1987    1988    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3063 Rule    Salv    1987    1988    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3064 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
3065 # instead of America/San_Salvador.
3066 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3067 Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -     LMT     1921 # San Salvador
3068                         -6:00   Salv    C%sT
3069 
3070 # Grenada
3071 # Guadeloupe
3072 # St Barthélemy
3073 # St Martin (French part)
3074 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3075 
3076 # Guatemala
3077 #
3078 # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
3079 # Diario Co Latino, at
3080 # <http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079>,
3081 # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
3082 # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
3083 # impact of the elevated cost of oil....  Daylight saving time will last from
3084 # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
3085 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
3086 # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
3087 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00.  See
3088 # http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
3089 
3090 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3091 Rule    Guat    1973    only    -       Nov     25      0:00    1:00    D
3092 Rule    Guat    1974    only    -       Feb     24      0:00    0       S
3093 Rule    Guat    1983    only    -       May     21      0:00    1:00    D
3094 Rule    Guat    1983    only    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       S
3095 Rule    Guat    1991    only    -       Mar     23      0:00    1:00    D
3096 Rule    Guat    1991    only    -       Sep      7      0:00    0       S
3097 Rule    Guat    2006    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
3098 Rule    Guat    2006    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       S
3099 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3100 Zone America/Guatemala  -6:02:04 -      LMT     1918 Oct 5
3101                         -6:00   Guat    C%sT
3102 
3103 # Haiti
3104 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
3105 # Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
3106 # I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release
3107 # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
3108 # <http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc>.  Translated from French, it says:
3109 #
3110 #  "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
3111 #   and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
3112 #   Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
3113 #   provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
3114 #   Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
3115 #
3116 #  "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
3117 #   the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
3118 #   starting at midnight.  This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
3119 #   October 2005.
3120 #
3121 #  "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
3122 #
3123 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
3124 # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
3125 # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
3126 # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
3127 # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
3128 #
3129 # I have found this article about it (in French):
3130 # http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
3131 #
3132 # The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
3133 
3134 # From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
3135 # Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
3136 
3137 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11):
3138 # According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year,
3139 # apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
3140 # So this means they have already changed their time.
3141 #
3142 # http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
3143 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
3144 #
3145 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
3146 # The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
3147 # 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
3148 # Assume a US-style fall back as well.
3149 
3150 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10):
3151 # It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules
3152 # as US/Canada.  They did it last year as well, and it looks like they
3153 # are going to observe DST every year now...
3154 #
3155 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/
3156 # http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714
3157 
3158 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-12):
3159 # Jean Antoine, editor of www.haiti-reference.com informed us that Haiti
3160 # are not going on DST this year.  Several other resources confirm this: ...
3161 # http://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/presse/heure_d_t_pas_de_changement_d_heure_pr_vu_pour_cet_ann_e.html
3162 # http://www.vantbefinfo.com/changement-dheure-pas-pour-haiti/
3163 # http://news.anmwe.com/haiti-lheure-nationale-ne-sera-ni-avancee-ni-reculee-cette-annee/
3164 
3165 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3166 Rule    Haiti   1983    only    -       May     8       0:00    1:00    D
3167 Rule    Haiti   1984    1987    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
3168 Rule    Haiti   1983    1987    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3169 # Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
3170 # Go with IATA.
3171 Rule    Haiti   1988    1997    -       Apr     Sun>=1       1:00s   1:00    D
3172 Rule    Haiti   1988    1997    -       Oct     lastSun 1:00s   0       S
3173 Rule    Haiti   2005    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3174 Rule    Haiti   2005    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3175 Rule    Haiti   2012    2015    -       Mar     Sun>=8       2:00    1:00    D
3176 Rule    Haiti   2012    2015    -       Nov     Sun>=1       2:00    0       S
3177 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3178 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -  LMT     1890
3179                         -4:49   -       PPMT    1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
3180                         -5:00   Haiti   E%sT
3181 
3182 # Honduras
3183 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
3184 
3185 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
3186 # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
3187 # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
3188 # months until September.  La Tribuna reported today
3189 # <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
3190 # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
3191 
3192 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
3193 # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
3194 # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
3195 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
3196 
3197 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
3198 # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08).
3199 # http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12
3200 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
3201 
3202 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
3203 # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
3204 # published, I have located this authoritative source:
3205 # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
3206 
3207 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
3208 # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
3209 # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
3210 
3211 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3212 Rule    Hond    1987    1988    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3213 Rule    Hond    1987    1988    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3214 Rule    Hond    2006    only    -       May     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    D
3215 Rule    Hond    2006    only    -       Aug     Mon>=1       0:00    0       S
3216 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3217 Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -     LMT     1921 Apr
3218                         -6:00   Hond    C%sT
3219 #
3220 # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
3221 
3222 # Jamaica
3223 # Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
3224 # unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
3225 # island".  Go with Milne.  Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
3226 #
3227 # Shanks & Pottenger give April 28 for the 1974 spring-forward transition, but
3228 # Lance Neita writes that Prime Minister Michael Manley decreed it January 5.
3229 # Assume Neita meant Jan 6 02:00, the same as the US.  Neita also writes that
3230 # Manley's supporters associated this act with Manley's nickname "Joshua"
3231 # (recall that in the Bible the sun stood still at Joshua's request),
3232 # and with the Rod of Correction which Manley said he had received from
3233 # Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia.  See:
3234 # Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20
3235 # http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
3236 #
3237 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3238 Zone    America/Jamaica -5:07:11 -      LMT     1890        # Kingston
3239                         -5:07:11 -      KMT     1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
3240                         -5:00   -       EST     1974
3241                         -5:00   US      E%sT    1984
3242                         -5:00   -       EST
3243 
3244 # Martinique
3245 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3246 Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 -      LMT     1890        # Fort-de-France
3247                         -4:04:20 -      FFMT    1911 May    # Fort-de-France MT
3248                         -4:00   -       AST     1980 Apr  6
3249                         -4:00   1:00    ADT     1980 Sep 28
3250                         -4:00   -       AST
3251 
3252 # Montserrat
3253 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3254 
3255 # Nicaragua
3256 #
3257 # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
3258 #
3259 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
3260 # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
3261 # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
3262 # expensive petroleum.  The exact end date for DST is not yet
3263 # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
3264 # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
3265 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
3266 # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
3267 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
3268 #
3269 # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
3270 # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
3271 # assume that it is daylight saving....
3272 #
3273 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
3274 # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
3275 # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
3276 # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
3277 # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
3278 # during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
3279 # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
3280 # since December 1998.  I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
3281 # changes in 2000.  Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
3282 # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
3283 #
3284 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
3285 # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
3286 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
3287 # (2005-09-26)
3288 #
3289 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
3290 # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
3291 # (my informal translation)
3292 # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
3293 # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
3294 # morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
3295 #
3296 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
3297 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
3298 # My informal translation runs:
3299 # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
3300 # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
3301 #
3302 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3303 Rule    Nic     1979    1980    -       Mar     Sun>=16      0:00    1:00    D
3304 Rule    Nic     1979    1980    -       Jun     Mon>=23      0:00    0       S
3305 Rule    Nic     2005    only    -       Apr     10      0:00    1:00    D
3306 Rule    Nic     2005    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1       0:00    0       S
3307 Rule    Nic     2006    only    -       Apr     30      2:00    1:00    D
3308 Rule    Nic     2006    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1       1:00    0       S
3309 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3310 Zone    America/Managua -5:45:08 -      LMT     1890
3311                         -5:45:12 -      MMT     1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
3312                         -6:00   -       CST     1973 May
3313                         -5:00   -       EST     1975 Feb 16
3314                         -6:00   Nic     C%sT    1992 Jan  1  4:00
3315                         -5:00   -       EST     1992 Sep 24
3316                         -6:00   -       CST     1993
3317                         -5:00   -       EST     1997
3318                         -6:00   Nic     C%sT
3319 
3320 # Panama
3321 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3322 Zone    America/Panama  -5:18:08 -      LMT     1890
3323                         -5:19:36 -      CMT     1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
3324                         -5:00   -       EST
3325 Link America/Panama America/Cayman
3326 
3327 # Puerto Rico
3328 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
3329 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3330 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -     LMT     1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
3331                         -4:00   -       AST     1942 May  3
3332                         -4:00   US      A%sT    1946
3333                         -4:00   -       AST
3334 
3335 # St Kitts-Nevis
3336 # St Lucia
3337 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3338 
3339 # St Pierre and Miquelon
3340 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
3341 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3342 Zone America/Miquelon   -3:44:40 -      LMT     1911 May 15 # St Pierre
3343                         -4:00   -       AST     1980 May
3344                         -3:00   -       -03     1987
3345                         -3:00   Canada  -03/-02
3346 
3347 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
3348 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3349 
3350 # Turks and Caicos
3351 #
3352 # From Chris Dunn in
3353 # http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007
3354 # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
3355 # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
3356 # the recent U.S. change of dates.
3357 #
3358 # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
3359 # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
3360 # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
3361 # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
3362 # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
3363 # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
3364 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
3365 #
3366 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
3367 # The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UT -04 year-round.  See:
3368 # http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
3369 # Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ...
3370 # From Chris Walton (2014-11-04):
3371 # ... the TCI government appears to have delayed the switch to
3372 # "permanent daylight saving time" by one year....
3373 # http://tcweeklynews.com/time-change-to-go-ahead-this-november-p5437-127.htm
3374 #
3375 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3376 Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 -      LMT     1890
3377                         -5:07:11 -      KMT     1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
3378                         -5:00   -       EST     1979
3379                         -5:00   US      E%sT    2015 Nov Sun>=1 2:00
3380                         -4:00   -       AST
3381 
3382 # British Virgin Is
3383 # Virgin Is
3384 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3385 
3386 
3387 # Local Variables:
3388 # coding: utf-8
3389 # End: