32 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-13):
33 #
34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
38 #
39 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
40 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
42 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
43 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
44 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
45 #
46 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
47 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
48 # I found in the UCLA library.
49 #
50 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
51 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
52 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
53 #
54 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
55 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
56 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
57 #
58 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
59 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
60 #
61 # The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables:
62 # std dst
63 # LMT Local Mean Time
64 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
65 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
66 # 5:30 IST India
67 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
68 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
69 # 8:00 CST China
70 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830
71 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
72 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
81
82 # From Guy Harris:
83 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
84 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
85 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
86 # Worldwide Edition).
87
88 ###############################################################################
89
90 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
91 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
92 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
93 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
94 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
95 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
96 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
97 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
98 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
99 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
100 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
101 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2011 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
102 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2011 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
103
104 # Afghanistan
105 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
106 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
107 4:00 - +04 1945
108 4:30 - +0430
109
110 # Armenia
111 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
112 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
113 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
114 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
115 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
116 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
117 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
118 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
119 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
120
121 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
122 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
123 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
124
125 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
126 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
127 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
128 #
129 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
130 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
131 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
132 # or
133 # (brief)
134 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
135 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
136 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
137 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
138 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
139 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
140 4:00 - +04 1997
141 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05
142
143 # Azerbaijan
144
145 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
146 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
147 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
148 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
149
150 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
151 # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
152 # daylight saving time....
153 # http://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
154 # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
155 # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
156
157 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
158 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
159 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
160 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
161 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
162 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
163 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
164 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
165 4:00 - +04 1996
166 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997
167 4:00 Azer +04/+05
168
169 # Bahrain
170 # See Asia/Qatar.
171
172 # Bangladesh
173 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
174 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
175 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
176 #
177 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
178 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
179 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
180 #
181 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
182 # June
183 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
184 # crippling power crisis. "
185 #
186 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
187 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
188
189 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
190 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
191 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
192 #
193 # Some sources:
194 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
195 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
196 #
197 # Our wrap-up:
198 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
199
200 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
201 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
202 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
203 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
204 #
205 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
206
207 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
208 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
209 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
210 #
211 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
212 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
213 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
214 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
215
216 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
217 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
218 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
264 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
265 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
266 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
267 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
268 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
269 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
270 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
271 5:00 - +05 1996
272 6:00 - +06
273
274 # Brunei
275 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
276 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
277 7:30 - +0730 1933
278 8:00 - +08
279
280 # Burma / Myanmar
281
282 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
283
284 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
285 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
286 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
287 6:30 - +0630 1942 May
288 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3
289 6:30 - +0630
290
291 # Cambodia
292 # See Asia/Bangkok.
293
294
295 # China
296
297 # From Guy Harris:
298 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
299
300 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
301 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
302 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
303 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
304 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
305 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
306 #
323 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
324 # Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
325 # this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer
326 # DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
327 # go with them for DST rules as follows:
328 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
329 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
330 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
331 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
332 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
333 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
334 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
335
336 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
337 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
338 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
339 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
340 #
341 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
342 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
343 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
344 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
345 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
346 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
347 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
348 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
349 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
350 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
351
352 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05):
353 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
354 #
355 # (1)
356 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
357 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
358 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
359 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
360 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
361 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
362 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
363 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
475 #
476 # 1. Wulumuqi...
477 # 2. Kashi...
478 # 3. Urumqi...
479 # 4. Kashgar...
480 # ...
481 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
482 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
483 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
484 #
485 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
486 # start date for Xinjiang time.
487 #
488 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
489 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
490 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
491 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
492
493 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
494 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
495 # http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
496
497 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
498 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
499 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
500 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
501 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
502 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
503 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
504 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
505 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
506 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
507 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
508 # having the same time as Beijing.
509
510 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
511 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
512 # but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
513 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
514 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
515 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
632 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
633 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
634 8:00 HK HK%sT
635
636 ###############################################################################
637
638 # Taiwan
639
640 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
641 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
642 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
643 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
644
645 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
646 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
647 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
648 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
649 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
650 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
651 # found on Wikisource:
652 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
653 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
654 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
655 # declared officially.
656 #
657 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
658 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
659 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
660 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
661 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
662 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
663 # (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
664 # be found on Wikisource:
665 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
666 #
667 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
668
669 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
670 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
671 # back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
672 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
673 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another
674 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
675 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
676 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
677 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
678 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
679 # that:
680 #
681 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
682 # the time at 135E (GMT+9)
683 #
684 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
685 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
781 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
782 8:00 Macau C%sT
783
784
785 ###############################################################################
786
787 # Cyprus
788
789 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
790 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
791
792 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09):
793 # Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's
794 # lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round.
795 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/
796 #
797 # From Even Scharning (2016-10-31):
798 # Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night.
799 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/
800
801 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
802 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
803 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
804 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
805 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
806 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
807 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
808 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
809 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
810 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
811 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
812 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
813 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
814 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
815 Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
816 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
817 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8
818 3:00 - +03
819
820 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
821 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
822 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
823
824 # Georgia
825 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
826 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
827 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
828 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
829 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
830 #
831 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
832 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
833 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
834 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
835 #
836 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
837 #
838 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
858
859 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
860 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
861 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
862 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
863 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
864 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992
865 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun
866 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun
867 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun
868 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27
869 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
870 4:00 - +04
871
872 # East Timor
873
874 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
875
876 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
877 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
878 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
879 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
880 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
881 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
882 # conflicts with their way of life.
883
884 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
885 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
886 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
887
888 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
889 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
890 # (2000-08-16):
891 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
892 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
893 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
894 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
895
896 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
897 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
898 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00
899 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3
900 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00
901 9:00 - +09
902
903 # India
904
905 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
906 # http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
907 # (2015-12-22):
908 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
909 # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of
910 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this
911 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century.
912
913 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
914 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
915 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
916 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15
917 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
918 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
919 5:30 - IST
920 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
921 # Andaman Is
922 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
923 # Nicobar Is
924
925 # Indonesia
926 #
927 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
928 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
929 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
930 #
931 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
932 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
933 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
934 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
935 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
936 #
937 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
938 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
939 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
940 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
1042 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
1043 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
1044 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
1045 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
1046 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
1047 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
1048 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
1049 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
1050 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
1051 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
1052 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
1053 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
1054 #
1055 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
1056 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
1057 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
1058 #
1059 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
1060 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
1061 # daylight saving time ...
1062 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
1063 #
1064 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
1065 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
1066 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
1067 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
1068 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
1069 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
1070 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
1071 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
1072 #
1073 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1074 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1075 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
1076 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
1077 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
1078 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
1079 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1080 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1081 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1082 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1141 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1142 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1143 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1144 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1145 #
1146 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1147 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1148 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
1149 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
1150 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
1151 #
1152 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
1153
1154 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
1155 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
1156 # news sources (in Arabic):
1157 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
1158 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
1159 #
1160 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
1161 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1162
1163 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1164 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1165 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1166 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1167 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1168 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
1169 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
1170 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
1171 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1172 #
1173 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
1174 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
1175 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1176 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1177 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1178 3:00 - +03 1982 May
1179 3:00 Iraq +03/+04
1180
1181
1449 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1450 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1451 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1452
1453 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1454 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1455 # which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
1456 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1457 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1458 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
1459 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1460 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1461 # standard....
1462 #
1463 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1464 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1465
1466 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
1467 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
1468 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1469 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1470 #
1471 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
1472 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1473 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1474 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1475
1476 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1477 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1478 9:00 Japan J%sT
1479 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1480
1481 # Jordan
1482 #
1483 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
1484 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1485 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1486 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1487 # all year round.
1488 #
1489 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
1490 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1491 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1492 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1493 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1494 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1516 # > of the month of March of each year.
1517 #
1518 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1519
1520 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1521 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1522
1523 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
1524 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
1525 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
1526 # until about the same time next year (at least).
1527 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
1528
1529 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
1530 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
1531 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
1532 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
1533 # Official, in Arabic:
1534 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
1535 # ... Our background/permalink about it
1536 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
1537 # ...
1538 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
1539 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
1540 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
1541
1542 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
1543 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
1544
1545 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1546 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1547 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1548 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1549 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1550 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1551 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1552 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1553 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1554 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1555 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1556 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1874 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1875 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1876 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1877 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
1878 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1879 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00
1880 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12
1881 6:00 - +06
1882
1883 ###############################################################################
1884
1885 # Korea (North and South)
1886
1887 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
1888 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
1889 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
1890 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
1891 # between 1987 and 1988 ...
1892
1893 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
1894 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
1895 # According to the Korean Wikipedia
1896 # http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
1897 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
1898 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
1899 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
1900 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
1901 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
1902 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
1903
1904 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1905 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1906 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1907 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
1908 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1909 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1910 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1911 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
1912 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1913 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1914 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1915 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1916 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S
2098 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
2099 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
2100 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
2101 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
2102 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
2103 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
2104 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
2105 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
2106
2107 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
2108 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
2109 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
2110 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
2111
2112 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
2113 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
2114 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
2115 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
2116 # database on this, e.g.:
2117 #
2118 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
2119 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
2120 #
2121 # both say GMT+08:00.
2122
2123 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
2124 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
2125 # schedule here:
2126 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
2127 # (click the English flag for English)
2128 #
2129 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
2130 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
2131 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
2132 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
2133 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
2134 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
2135
2136 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2137 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
2138 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
2228 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
2229 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
2230 #
2231 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
2232 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
2233 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
2234 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
2235 #
2236 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
2237 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
2238
2239 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
2240 #
2241 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
2242 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
2243 #
2244 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
2245 # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
2246 # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
2247 #
2248 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
2249 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
2250
2251 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2252 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
2253
2254 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2255 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
2256 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
2257 # instead of August 31.
2258 #
2259 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
2260 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
2261
2262 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
2263 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
2264 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
2265 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
2266 # official working."
2267 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
2268 #
2294 # October 1, 2009.
2295 #
2296 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
2297 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
2298 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
2299 #
2300 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
2301 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
2302 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
2303 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
2304 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
2305 # Monday."
2306 #
2307 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
2308 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
2309 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
2310 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
2311 #
2312 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
2313 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
2314 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
2315
2316 # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
2317 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
2318 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
2319
2320 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
2321 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2322 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
2323 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
2324 # >
2325 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
2326 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
2327 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
2328 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
2329 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
2330 #
2331 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
2332 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
2333 #
2334 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
2476 # (in Arabic)
2477 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2478 #
2479 # (English translation)
2480 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2481
2482 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2483 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2484 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2485 #
2486 # One news source:
2487 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2488 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2489 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2490 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2491 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2492 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2493 #
2494 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2495 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
2496 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2497
2498 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2499 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2500 #
2501 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2502 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2503 #
2504 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2505 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
2506 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2507 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2508
2509 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
2510 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
2511 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
2512 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
2513 #
2514 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
2515 # (in Arabic)
2516 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
2517
2518 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
2519 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
2520 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
2521 # noon though:
2522 #
2523 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
2524 # (Ma'an News Agency)
2525 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
2526 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
2527
2528 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
2529 # According to several sources, including
2530 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
2531 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
2532 # Gaza and the West Bank.
2533 # Some more background info:
2534 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
2535
2536 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
2537 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
2538 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
2539 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
2540 # Ramadan.
2541 #
2542 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
2543 # Additional info:
2544 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
2545
2546 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
2547 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
2548 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
2549 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
2550 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
2551 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
2552 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
2553 # ...
2554 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
2555 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
2556 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
2557
2558 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
2559 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
2560 # 00:00).
2561 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
2562 #
2563 # Many sources, including:
2564 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
2565
2566 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2567 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
2568 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
2569 # Some of many sources in Arabic:
2570 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
2571 #
2572 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
2573 #
2574 # Our brief summary:
2575 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
2576
2577 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
2578 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
2579 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
2580 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
2581 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
2582 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
2583
2584 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
2585 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
2586 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
2587 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
2588 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
2589 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
2590 # official source...:
2591 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
2592
2593 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
2594 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
2595 # and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
2596 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
2597 #
2598 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
2599 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
2600 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
2601
2602 # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
2603 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
2604 # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
2605 # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
2606 # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
2607 #
2608 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12):
2609 # Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
2610
2611 # From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19):
2612 # [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
2613 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
2614 # states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
2615 #
2616 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19):
2617 # Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
2618 # This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring
2619 # predictions.
2620 #
2621 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19):
2622 # It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today:
2623 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
2624 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
2625
2626 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2627 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2628 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2629 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2630 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2631 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2632 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2633
2634 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2635 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2636 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2637 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2638 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2639 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2640 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2641 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2642 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2643 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
2644 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2667 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
2668 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
2669 2:00 - EET 2012
2670 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2671
2672 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2673 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
2674 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2675 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2676 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2677 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2678
2679 # Paracel Is
2680 # no information
2681
2682 # Philippines
2683 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
2684 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2685 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
2686 # History of the International Date Line
2687 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
2688 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2689
2690 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2691 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2692 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2693 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2694 # but no details]
2695
2696 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
2697 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
2698 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
2699 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
2700 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
2701 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
2702 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
2703
2704 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2705 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2706 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2707 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2931 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2932 #
2933 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2934 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2935 # clocks back 60 minutes).
2936 #
2937 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2938
2939 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2940 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2941 # two examples:
2942 #
2943 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2944 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2945 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2946 # (Arabic, gov-site)
2947 #
2948 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2949 #
2950 # Our summary
2951 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2952
2953 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2954 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2955 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2956 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2957 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2958
2959 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2960 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2961 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2962 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2963
2964 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
2965 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
2966 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
2967 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
2968 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
2969
2970 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2971 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
2972 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
2973 #
2974 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
2975 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
2976 #
2977 # Our brief summary:
2978 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
2979
2980 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2981 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
2982
2983 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2984 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2985 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2986 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2987 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2988 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2989
2990 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2991 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2992 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2993
2994 # Tajikistan
2995 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2996 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2997 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2998 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
3041 5:00 - +05
3042
3043 # Vietnam
3044
3045 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
3046 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
3047 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
3048 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
3049 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
3050
3051 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
3052 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
3053 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
3054
3055 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
3056 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
3057 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
3058 # is quoted verbatim in:
3059 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
3060 # is translated by Brian Inglis in:
3061 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
3062 # and is the basis for the information below.
3063 #
3064 # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
3065 # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris.
3066 # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
3067 # the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
3068 # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
3069 # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
3070 # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
3071 #
3072 # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
3073 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
3074 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
3075 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
3076 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
3077 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
3078 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
3079 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
3080 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
3081 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
|
32 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-13):
33 #
34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
38 #
39 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
40 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
42 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
43 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
44 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
45 #
46 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
47 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
48 # I found in the UCLA library.
49 #
50 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
51 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
52 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
53 #
54 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
55 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
56 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
57 #
58 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
59 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
60 #
61 # The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables:
62 # std dst
63 # LMT Local Mean Time
64 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
65 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
66 # 5:30 IST India
67 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
68 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
69 # 8:00 CST China
70 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830
71 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
72 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
81
82 # From Guy Harris:
83 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
84 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
85 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
86 # Worldwide Edition).
87
88 ###############################################################################
89
90 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
91 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
92 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
93 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
94 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
95 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
96 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
97 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
98 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
99 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
100 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
101 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
102 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
103
104 # Afghanistan
105 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
106 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
107 4:00 - +04 1945
108 4:30 - +0430
109
110 # Armenia
111 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
112 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
113 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
114 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
115 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
116 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
117 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
118 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
119 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
120
121 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
122 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
123 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
124
125 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
126 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
127 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
128 #
129 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
130 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
131 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
132 # or
133 # (brief)
134 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
135 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
136 Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
137 Rule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
138 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
139 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
140 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
141 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
142 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
143 4:00 - +04 1997
144 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2011
145 4:00 Armenia +04/+05
146
147 # Azerbaijan
148
149 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
150 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
151 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
152 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
153
154 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
155 # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
156 # daylight saving time....
157 # https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
158 # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
159 # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
160
161 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
162 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
163 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
164 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
165 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
166 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
167 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
168 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
169 4:00 - +04 1996
170 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997
171 4:00 Azer +04/+05
172
173 # Bahrain
174 # See Asia/Qatar.
175
176 # Bangladesh
177 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
178 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
179 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
180 #
181 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
182 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
183 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
184 #
185 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
186 # June
187 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
188 # crippling power crisis. "
189 #
190 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
191 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
192
193 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
194 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
195 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
196 #
197 # Some sources:
198 # https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
199 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
200 #
201 # Our wrap-up:
202 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
203
204 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
205 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
206 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
207 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
208 #
209 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
210
211 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
212 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
213 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
214 #
215 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
216 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
217 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
218 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
219
220 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
221 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
222 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
268 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
269 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
270 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
271 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
272 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
273 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
274 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
275 5:00 - +05 1996
276 6:00 - +06
277
278 # Brunei
279 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
280 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
281 7:30 - +0730 1933
282 8:00 - +08
283
284 # Burma / Myanmar
285
286 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
287
288 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
289 # Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is
290 # used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead
291 # of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630,
292 # a transition for which Shanks is the only source.
293
294 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
295 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
296 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time
297 6:30 - +0630 1942 May
298 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3
299 6:30 - +0630
300
301 # Cambodia
302 # See Asia/Bangkok.
303
304
305 # China
306
307 # From Guy Harris:
308 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
309
310 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
311 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
312 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
313 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
314 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
315 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
316 #
333 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
334 # Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
335 # this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer
336 # DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
337 # go with them for DST rules as follows:
338 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
339 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
340 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
341 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
342 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
343 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
344 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
345
346 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
347 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
348 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
349 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
350 #
351 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
352 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
353 # https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
354 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
355 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
356 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
357 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
358 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
359 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
360 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
361
362 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05):
363 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
364 #
365 # (1)
366 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
367 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
368 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
369 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
370 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
371 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
372 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
373 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
485 #
486 # 1. Wulumuqi...
487 # 2. Kashi...
488 # 3. Urumqi...
489 # 4. Kashgar...
490 # ...
491 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
492 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
493 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
494 #
495 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
496 # start date for Xinjiang time.
497 #
498 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
499 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
500 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
501 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
502
503 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
504 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
505 # https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
506
507 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
508 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
509 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
510 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
511 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
512 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
513 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
514 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
515 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
516 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
517 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
518 # having the same time as Beijing.
519
520 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
521 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
522 # but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
523 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
524 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
525 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
642 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
643 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
644 8:00 HK HK%sT
645
646 ###############################################################################
647
648 # Taiwan
649
650 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
651 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
652 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
653 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
654
655 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
656 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
657 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
658 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
659 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
660 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
661 # found on Wikisource:
662 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
663 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
664 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
665 # declared officially.
666 #
667 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
668 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
669 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
670 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
671 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
672 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
673 # (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
674 # be found on Wikisource:
675 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
676 #
677 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
678
679 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
680 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
681 # back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
682 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
683 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another
684 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
685 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
686 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
687 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
688 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
689 # that:
690 #
691 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
692 # the time at 135E (GMT+9)
693 #
694 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
695 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
791 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
792 8:00 Macau C%sT
793
794
795 ###############################################################################
796
797 # Cyprus
798
799 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
800 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
801
802 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09):
803 # Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's
804 # lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round.
805 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/
806 #
807 # From Even Scharning (2016-10-31):
808 # Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night.
809 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/
810
811 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
812 # Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus
813 # staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A.
814 # Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17.
815 # https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/
816
817 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
818 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
819 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
820 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
821 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
822 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
823 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
824 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
825 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
826 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
827 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
828 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
829 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
830 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
831 Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
832 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
833 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8
834 3:00 - +03 2017 Oct 29 1:00u
835 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
836
837 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
838 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
839 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
840
841 # Georgia
842 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
843 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
844 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
845 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
846 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
847 #
848 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
849 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
850 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
851 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
852 #
853 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
854 #
855 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
875
876 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
877 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
878 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
879 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
880 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
881 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992
882 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun
883 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun
884 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun
885 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27
886 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
887 4:00 - +04
888
889 # East Timor
890
891 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
892
893 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
894 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
895 # <https://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
896 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
897 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
898 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
899 # conflicts with their way of life.
900
901 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
902 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
903 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
904
905 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
906 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
907 # (2000-08-16):
908 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
909 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
910 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
911 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
912
913 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
914 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
915 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00
916 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3
917 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00
918 9:00 - +09
919
920 # India
921
922 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
923 # https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
924 # (2015-12-22):
925 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
926 # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of
927 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this
928 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century.
929
930 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
931 # Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India.
932 # "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic
933 # measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras
934 # (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time,
935 # and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time:
936 # 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19.
937 # "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present
938 # standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of
939 # Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of
940 # his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat
941 # of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change
942 # the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted
943 # Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the
944 # rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its
945 # place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement.
946 # Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55.
947 #
948 # "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the
949 # only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time,
950 # first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR)....
951 # Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their
952 # local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and
953 # Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145.
954 #
955 # Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8.
956 # https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212
957 # This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on
958 # 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some
959 # municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta
960 # continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at
961 # government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or
962 # at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more
963 # appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do
964 # elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was
965 # consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway
966 # time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the
967 # 1941-1945 data.
968
969 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
970 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata
971 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time?
972 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time
973 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct
974 5:30 1:00 +0630 1942 May 15
975 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
976 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
977 5:30 - IST
978 # Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata:
979 # Andaman Is
980 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
981 # Nicobar Is
982
983 # Indonesia
984 #
985 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
986 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
987 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
988 #
989 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
990 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
991 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
992 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
993 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
994 #
995 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
996 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
997 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
998 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
1100 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
1101 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
1102 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
1103 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
1104 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
1105 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
1106 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
1107 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
1108 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
1109 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
1110 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
1111 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
1112 #
1113 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
1114 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
1115 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
1116 #
1117 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
1118 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
1119 # daylight saving time ...
1120 # https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
1121 #
1122 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
1123 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
1124 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
1125 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
1126 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
1127 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
1128 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
1129 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
1130 #
1131 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1132 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1133 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
1134 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
1135 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
1136 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
1137 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1138 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1139 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1140 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1199 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1200 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1201 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1202 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1203 #
1204 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1205 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1206 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
1207 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
1208 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
1209 #
1210 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
1211
1212 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
1213 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
1214 # news sources (in Arabic):
1215 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
1216 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
1217 #
1218 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
1219 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1220
1221 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1222 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1223 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1224 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1225 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1226 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
1227 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
1228 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
1229 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1230 #
1231 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
1232 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
1233 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1234 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1235 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1236 3:00 - +03 1982 May
1237 3:00 Iraq +03/+04
1238
1239
1507 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1508 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1509 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1510
1511 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1512 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1513 # which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
1514 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1515 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1516 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
1517 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1518 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1519 # standard....
1520 #
1521 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1522 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1523
1524 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
1525 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
1526 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1527 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1528 #
1529 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
1530 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1531 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1532 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1533
1534 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1535 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1536 9:00 Japan J%sT
1537 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1538
1539 # Jordan
1540 #
1541 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
1542 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1543 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1544 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1545 # all year round.
1546 #
1547 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
1548 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1549 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1550 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1551 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1552 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1574 # > of the month of March of each year.
1575 #
1576 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1577
1578 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1579 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1580
1581 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
1582 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
1583 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
1584 # until about the same time next year (at least).
1585 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
1586
1587 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
1588 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
1589 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
1590 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
1591 # Official, in Arabic:
1592 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
1593 # ... Our background/permalink about it
1594 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
1595 # ...
1596 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
1597 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
1598 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
1599
1600 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
1601 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
1602
1603 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1604 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1605 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1606 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1607 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1608 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1609 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1610 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1611 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1612 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1613 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1614 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1932 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1933 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1934 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1935 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
1936 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1937 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00
1938 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12
1939 6:00 - +06
1940
1941 ###############################################################################
1942
1943 # Korea (North and South)
1944
1945 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
1946 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
1947 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
1948 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
1949 # between 1987 and 1988 ...
1950
1951 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
1952 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
1953 # According to the Korean Wikipedia
1954 # https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
1955 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
1956 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
1957 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
1958 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
1959 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
1960 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
1961
1962 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1963 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1964 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1965 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
1966 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1967 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1968 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1969 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
1970 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1971 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1972 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1973 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1974 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S
2156 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
2157 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
2158 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
2159 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
2160 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
2161 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
2162 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
2163 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
2164
2165 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
2166 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
2167 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
2168 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
2169
2170 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
2171 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
2172 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
2173 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
2174 # database on this, e.g.:
2175 #
2176 # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
2177 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
2178 #
2179 # both say GMT+08:00.
2180
2181 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
2182 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
2183 # schedule here:
2184 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
2185 # (click the English flag for English)
2186 #
2187 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
2188 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
2189 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
2190 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
2191 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
2192 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
2193
2194 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2195 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
2196 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
2286 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
2287 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
2288 #
2289 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
2290 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
2291 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
2292 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
2293 #
2294 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
2295 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
2296
2297 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
2298 #
2299 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
2300 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
2301 #
2302 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
2303 # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
2304 # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
2305 #
2306 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
2307 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
2308
2309 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2310 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
2311
2312 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2313 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
2314 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
2315 # instead of August 31.
2316 #
2317 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
2318 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
2319
2320 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
2321 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
2322 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
2323 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
2324 # official working."
2325 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
2326 #
2352 # October 1, 2009.
2353 #
2354 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
2355 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
2356 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
2357 #
2358 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
2359 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
2360 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
2361 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
2362 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
2363 # Monday."
2364 #
2365 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
2366 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
2367 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
2368 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
2369 #
2370 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
2371 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
2372 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
2373
2374 # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
2375 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
2376 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
2377
2378 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
2379 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2380 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
2381 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
2382 # >
2383 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
2384 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
2385 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
2386 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
2387 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
2388 #
2389 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
2390 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
2391 #
2392 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
2534 # (in Arabic)
2535 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2536 #
2537 # (English translation)
2538 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2539
2540 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2541 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2542 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2543 #
2544 # One news source:
2545 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2546 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2547 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2548 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2549 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2550 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2551 #
2552 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2553 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
2554 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2555
2556 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2557 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2558 #
2559 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2560 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2561 #
2562 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2563 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
2564 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2565 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2566
2567 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
2568 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
2569 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
2570 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
2571 #
2572 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
2573 # (in Arabic)
2574 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
2575
2576 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
2577 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
2578 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
2579 # noon though:
2580 #
2581 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
2582 # (Ma'an News Agency)
2583 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
2584 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
2585
2586 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
2587 # According to several sources, including
2588 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
2589 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
2590 # Gaza and the West Bank.
2591 # Some more background info:
2592 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
2593
2594 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
2595 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
2596 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
2597 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
2598 # Ramadan.
2599 #
2600 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
2601 # Additional info:
2602 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
2603
2604 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
2605 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
2606 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
2607 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
2608 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
2609 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
2610 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
2611 # ...
2612 # https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
2613 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
2614 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
2615
2616 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
2617 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
2618 # 00:00).
2619 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
2620 #
2621 # Many sources, including:
2622 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
2623
2624 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2625 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
2626 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
2627 # Some of many sources in Arabic:
2628 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
2629 #
2630 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
2631 #
2632 # Our brief summary:
2633 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
2634
2635 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
2636 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
2637 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
2638 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
2639 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
2640 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
2641
2642 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
2643 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
2644 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
2645 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
2646 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
2647 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
2648 # official source...:
2649 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
2650
2651 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
2652 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
2653 # and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
2654 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
2655 #
2656 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
2657 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
2658 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
2659
2660 # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
2661 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
2662 # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
2663 # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
2664 # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
2665 #
2666 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12):
2667 # Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
2668
2669 # From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19):
2670 # [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
2671 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
2672 # states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
2673 #
2674 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19):
2675 # Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
2676 # This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring
2677 # predictions.
2678 #
2679 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19):
2680 # It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today:
2681 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
2682 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
2683
2684 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2685 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2686 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2687 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2688 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2689 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2690 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2691
2692 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2693 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2694 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2695 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2696 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2697 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2698 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2699 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2700 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2701 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
2702 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2725 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
2726 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
2727 2:00 - EET 2012
2728 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2729
2730 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2731 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
2732 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2733 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2734 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2735 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2736
2737 # Paracel Is
2738 # no information
2739
2740 # Philippines
2741 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
2742 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2743 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
2744 # History of the International Date Line
2745 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
2746 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2747
2748 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2749 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2750 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2751 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2752 # but no details]
2753
2754 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
2755 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
2756 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
2757 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
2758 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
2759 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
2760 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
2761
2762 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2763 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2764 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2765 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2989 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2990 #
2991 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2992 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2993 # clocks back 60 minutes).
2994 #
2995 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2996
2997 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2998 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2999 # two examples:
3000 #
3001 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
3002 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
3003 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
3004 # (Arabic, gov-site)
3005 #
3006 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
3007 #
3008 # Our summary
3009 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
3010
3011 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
3012 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
3013 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
3014 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
3015 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
3016
3017 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
3018 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
3019 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
3020 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
3021
3022 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
3023 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
3024 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
3025 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
3026 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
3027
3028 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
3029 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
3030 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
3031 #
3032 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
3033 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
3034 #
3035 # Our brief summary:
3036 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
3037
3038 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
3039 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
3040
3041 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3042 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
3043 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
3044 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3045 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
3046 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
3047
3048 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3049 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
3050 2:00 Syria EE%sT
3051
3052 # Tajikistan
3053 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
3054 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3055 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
3056 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
3099 5:00 - +05
3100
3101 # Vietnam
3102
3103 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
3104 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
3105 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
3106 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
3107 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
3108
3109 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
3110 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
3111 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
3112
3113 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
3114 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
3115 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
3116 # is quoted verbatim in:
3117 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
3118 # is translated by Brian Inglis in:
3119 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
3120 # and is the basis for the information below.
3121 #
3122 # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
3123 # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris.
3124 # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
3125 # the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
3126 # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
3127 # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
3128 # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
3129 #
3130 # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
3131 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
3132 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
3133 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
3134 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
3135 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
3136 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
3137 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
3138 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
3139 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
|