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@@ -58,18 +58,18 @@
# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
# [PDF] (1914-03)
#
# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
-# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
+# <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
#
# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
-# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
+# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
# The full Russian citation is:
# Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток
# введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го
# июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
# Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
@@ -208,11 +208,11 @@
# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26
-# http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf
+# https://www.winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-114/a-silent-toast-to-william-willett-by-winston-s-churchill
# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
@@ -246,12 +246,12 @@
# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
-# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
-# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
+# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
+# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
# which is to be introduced in May....
# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
@@ -264,17 +264,17 @@
# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
# and extending this list, which can be found in
-# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
+# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
#
# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
-# http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0
+# https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0
# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
#
# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
@@ -316,11 +316,11 @@
# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed
# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising.
# Irish Times 2014-10-27.
-# http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411
+# https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411
# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
# These include various relating to legal time, for example:
#
@@ -369,10 +369,16 @@
# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
+# Michael Deckers (2017-06-01) gave the following URLs for Ireland's
+# Summer Time Act, 1925 and Summer Time Orders, 1926 and 1947:
+# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1925/act/8/enacted/en/print.html
+# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1926/sro/919/made/en/print.html
+# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/sro/71/made/en/print.html
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Summer Time Act, 1916
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
@@ -493,18 +499,18 @@
Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
- -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
+ -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s # Dublin MT
-0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
- 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
- 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
- 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
- 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
- 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
+ 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00s
+ 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00s
+ 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00s
+ 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00s
+ 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00s
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
0:00 EU GMT/IST
@@ -646,11 +652,11 @@
# Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of
# Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the
# Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227.
#
# I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have
-# title at http://base.garant.ru/70754136/ :
+# title at https://base.garant.ru/70754136/ :
# "About change in calculation of time on the territories of
# Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan,
# Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts".
# And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to
# contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules
@@ -677,11 +683,11 @@
#
# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
#
# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
-# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
+# https://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
# to be standard.
@@ -804,11 +810,11 @@
# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
#
# Sources (Russian language):
# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
-# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
+# https://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
#
# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
#
@@ -1125,11 +1131,11 @@
#
# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
-# From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)
+# From The Baltic Times <https://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
@@ -1177,11 +1183,11 @@
# according to the central European standards.
#
# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
# Finnish) at
-# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
+# https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
#
# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
#
# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
@@ -1190,11 +1196,11 @@
# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
# exist tonight."
# From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13):
# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
-# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
+# https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
@@ -1320,11 +1326,11 @@
# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
-# http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
+# https://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
@@ -1545,11 +1551,11 @@
# Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27):
# Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944
# for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini.
-# Model Rome's occupation by using using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10
+# Model Rome's occupation by using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10
# to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it
# was effectively controlled by Germany.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S
@@ -1860,18 +1866,18 @@
# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
# decision to abolish DST this winter.
# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
# News from Moldova (in russian):
-# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
+# https://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
# From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02):
# http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077
# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01):
# The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that
# 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also,
-# http://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara
+# https://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara
# says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time.
# Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
@@ -1939,11 +1945,11 @@
# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
# Amsterdam mean time.
# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
-# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
+# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
@@ -2020,11 +2026,11 @@
#
# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
# keeping Berlin time.
#
-# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
+# <https://www.jan-mayen.no/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
@@ -2058,11 +2064,11 @@
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
# Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
-# http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
+# https://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
# He also gives these further references:
# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
@@ -2092,11 +2098,11 @@
# Portugal
#
# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
-# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees
# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for
# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira.
#
@@ -2274,19 +2280,19 @@
# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
# 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
#
# Another source is
-# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
+# https://rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
# does not contain any "effective date" information.
#
# Another source is
-# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
+# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011...
# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
#
# The Wikipedia article refers to
@@ -2318,11 +2324,11 @@
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
-# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this:
+# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will look like this:
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
@@ -2365,11 +2371,11 @@
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
# listing. The region codes listed come from
-# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
+# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
# divisions where available.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -2530,11 +2536,11 @@
#
# And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment.
# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
# says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the
# 1991-03-31 switch and one person at
-# http://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html
+# https://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html
# says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception
# 2 days before the switch.
#
#
# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
@@ -2602,11 +2608,11 @@
# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
-# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
+# https://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
@@ -2785,11 +2791,11 @@
# Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25
# http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm
# suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on
# 1995-05-28.
#
-# http://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
+# https://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
# has some historical data for Altai Krai:
# before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7
# after 1957: UTC+7
# since 1995: UTC+6
# http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
@@ -3159,12 +3165,12 @@
#
# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently
# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
# each! (Yikes!)
-# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
-# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
+# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
+# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
#
# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
@@ -3481,11 +3487,11 @@
# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
#
# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
# The Federal regulations say
-# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
+# https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
# the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893)
@@ -3558,13 +3564,13 @@
# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
-# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
+# https://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
# Turkish:
-# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
+# https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-bir-gun-ileri-alindi-17230464
# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
# Turkish Local election....
# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
@@ -3696,11 +3702,11 @@
#
# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
#
# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
-# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
+# https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
#
# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
# time this year after all.
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