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*** 89,106 ****
# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
# 0:19:32.13 AMT* NST* Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)
# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)
# 1:36:34 RMT* LST* Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)*
# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
# 3:00 MSK MSD MDST* Moscow
! # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
! # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
--- 89,107 ----
# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
# 0:19:32.13 AMT* NST* Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)
# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
+ # 1:00 IST GMT Irish Standard (1968-) with winter DST
# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)
# 1:36:34 RMT* LST* Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)*
# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
# 3:00 MSK MSD MDST* Moscow
! # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), re EEC/EC/EU members:
! # The original six: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
*** 299,318 ****
# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
#
# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
# we'll ignore it for now.
# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
#
! #
! # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
! # Shanks & Pottenger.
! # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
! # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
! # to London. For example:
#
# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
# -- James Joyce, Ulysses
# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed
# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
--- 300,334 ----
# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
#
# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
# we'll ignore it for now.
# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (2017-12-04):
#
! # Dunsink Observatory (8 km NW of Dublin's center) was to Dublin as
! # Greenwich was to London. For example:
#
# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
# -- James Joyce, Ulysses
+ #
+ # The abbreviation DMT stood for "Dublin Mean Time" or "Dunsink Mean Time";
+ # this being Ireland, opinions differed.
+ #
+ # Whitman says Dublin/Dunsink Mean Time was UT-00:25:21, which agrees
+ # with measurements of recent visitors to the Meridian Room of Dunsink
+ # Observatory; see Malone D. Dunsink and timekeeping. 2016-01-24.
+ # <https://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwmalone/time/dunsink.html>. Malone
+ # writes that the Nautical Almanac listed UT-00:25:22 until 1896, when
+ # it moved to UT-00:25:21.1 (I confirmed that the 1893 edition used
+ # the former and the 1896 edition used the latter). Evidently the
+ # news of this change propagated slowly, as Milne 1899 still lists
+ # UT-00:25:22 and cites the International Telegraph Bureau. As it is
+ # not clear that there was any practical significance to the change
+ # from UT-00:25:22 to UT-00:25:21.1 in civil timekeeping, omit this
+ # transition for now and just use the latter value, omitting its
+ # fraction since our format cannot represent fractions.
# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed
# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
*** 368,383 ****
# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC.
# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
# Michael Deckers (2017-06-01) gave the following URLs for Ireland's
# Summer Time Act, 1925 and Summer Time Orders, 1926 and 1947:
! # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1925/act/8/enacted/en/print.html
! # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1926/sro/919/made/en/print.html
! # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/sro/71/made/en/print.html
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Summer Time Act, 1916
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
--- 384,415 ----
# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC.
# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
+ #
+ # From Paul Eggert (2017-12-07):
+ # The 1996 anonymous contributor's goal was to determine the correct
+ # abbreviation for summer time in Dublin and so the contributor
+ # focused on the "IST", not on the "Irish Summer Time". Though the
+ # "IST" was correct, the "Irish Summer Time" appears to have been an
+ # error, as Ireland's Standard Time (Amendment) Act, 1971 states that
+ # standard time in Ireland remains at UT +01 and is observed in
+ # summer, and that Greenwich mean time is observed in winter. (Thanks
+ # to Derick Rethans for pointing out the error.) That is, when
+ # Ireland amended the 1968 act that established UT +01 as Irish
+ # Standard Time, it left standard time unchanged and established GMT
+ # as a negative daylight saving time in winter. So, in this database
+ # IST stands for Irish Summer Time for timestamps before 1968, and for
+ # Irish Standard Time after that. See:
+ # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1971/act/17/enacted/en/print
# Michael Deckers (2017-06-01) gave the following URLs for Ireland's
# Summer Time Act, 1925 and Summer Time Orders, 1926 and 1947:
! # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1925/act/8/enacted/en/print
! # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1926/sro/919/made/en/print
! # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/sro/71/made/en/print
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Summer Time Act, 1916
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
*** 497,527 ****
0:00 EU GMT/BST
Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
! -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s # Dublin MT
-0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00s
0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00s
0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00s
0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00s
0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00s
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
0:00 EU GMT/IST
###############################################################################
# Europe
! # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
! # Common Market, etc.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
--- 529,590 ----
0:00 EU GMT/BST
Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
+ # From Paul Eggert (2018-01-19):
+ # The following is like GB-Eire and EU, except with standard time in
+ # summer and negative daylight saving time in winter.
+ # Although currently commented out, this will need to become uncommented
+ # once the ICU/OpenJDK workaround is removed; see below.
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ #Rule Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 2:00u -1:00 GMT
+ #Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00u 0 IST
+ #Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00u -1:00 GMT
+ #Rule Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 0 IST
+ #Rule Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u -1:00 GMT
+ #Rule Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u -1:00 GMT
+ #Rule Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u -1:00 GMT
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
! -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s
-0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00s
0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00s
0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00s
0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00s
0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00s
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
+ # From Paul Eggert (2018-01-18):
+ # The next line should look like this:
+ # 1:00 Eire IST/GMT
+ # However, in January 2018 we discovered that the Eire rules cause
+ # problems with tests for ICU:
+ # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025825.html
+ # and with tests for OpenJDK:
+ # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025822.html
+ # To work around this problem, use a traditional approximation for
+ # time stamps after 1971-10-31 02:00 UTC, to give ICU and OpenJDK
+ # developers breathing room to fix bugs. This approximation has
+ # correct UTC offsets, but results in tm_isdst flags are the reverse
+ # of what they should be. This workaround is temporary and should be
+ # removed reasonably soon.
1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
0:00 EU GMT/IST
+ # End of workaround for ICU and OpenJDK bugs.
+
###############################################################################
# Europe
! # The following rules are for the European Union and for its
! # predecessor organization, the European Communities.
! # For brevity they are called "EU rules" elsewhere in this file.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
*** 950,960 ****
# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
#
! # The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
#
# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
# in subsequent decrees with the law
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
--- 1013,1023 ----
# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
#
! # The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973:
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
#
# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
# in subsequent decrees with the law
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
*** 1006,1018 ****
# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
#
! # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
! # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
! # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
--- 1069,1082 ----
# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
#
! # From Paul Eggert (2017-12-10):
! # Greenland joined the European Communities as part of Denmark,
! # obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, and left the European Communities
! # on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
*** 1322,1332 ****
# Germany
# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
! # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
# https://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
--- 1386,1396 ----
# Germany
# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
! # [See tz-link.html for the URL.]
# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
# https://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
*** 1419,1429 ****
1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
! # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Hungary
# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
--- 1483,1493 ----
1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
! # go with EU rules instead, since Greece joined Jan 1.
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Hungary
# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
*** 2118,2128 ****
# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
! # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
--- 2182,2192 ----
# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
! # harmonized with EU rules), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
*** 2793,2805 ****
# suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on
# 1995-05-28.
#
# https://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
# has some historical data for Altai Krai:
! # before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7
! # after 1957: UTC+7
! # since 1995: UTC+6
# http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
# confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date.
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
# Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones
--- 2857,2869 ----
# suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on
# 1995-05-28.
#
# https://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
# has some historical data for Altai Krai:
! # before 1957: west part on UT+6, east on UT+7
! # after 1957: UT+7
! # since 1995: UT+6
# http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
# confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date.
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
# Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones
*** 3603,3612 ****
--- 3667,3687 ----
#
# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07):
# The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey.
# It takes effect today, which is not much notice.
+ # From Kıvanç Yazan (2017-10-28):
+ # Turkey will go back to Daylight Saving Time starting 2018-10.
+ # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/10/20171028-5.pdf
+ #
+ # From Even Scharning (2017-11-08):
+ # ... today it was announced that the DST will become "continuous":
+ # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/son-dakika-yaz-saati-uygulamasi-surekli-hale-geldi-40637482
+ # From Paul Eggert (2017-11-08):
+ # Although Google Translate misfires on that source, it looks like
+ # Turkey reversed last month's decision, and so will stay at +03.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
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