74 # июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
75 # Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
76 # http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
77 #
78 # Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
79 # History of Summer Time
80 # <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
81 # (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
82 #
83 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
84 # the rest are variants of the "xMT" pattern for a city's mean time,
85 # or are from other sources. Corrections are welcome!
86 # std dst 2dst
87 # LMT Local Mean Time
88 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
89 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
90 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
91 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
92 # 0:19:32.13 AMT* NST* Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)
93 # 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
94 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
95 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)
96 # 1:36:34 RMT* LST* Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)*
97 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
98 # 3:00 MSK MSD MDST* Moscow
99
100 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
101 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
102 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
103 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
104 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
105 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
106 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
107 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
108 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
109 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
110 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
111 # ...
112 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
113 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
114 # ...
115 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
116 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
117 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
118 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
119 # in the Directive.
120
121
284 # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
285 # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
286 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
287 # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
288 # It actually just had one transition.
289 # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
290 # Actually, it conformed to Britain.
291 # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
292 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
293 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
294 #
295 # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
296 # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
297 # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
298 # conform with Great Britain.
299 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
300 #
301 # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
302 # we'll ignore it for now.
303 # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
304 #
305 #
306 # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
307 # Shanks & Pottenger.
308 # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
309 # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
310 # to London. For example:
311 #
312 # "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
313 # -- James Joyce, Ulysses
314
315 # "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
316 # was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
317 # would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed
318 # Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
319 # -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising.
320 # Irish Times 2014-10-27.
321 # https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411
322
323 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
324 # Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
325 # These include various relating to legal time, for example:
326 #
327 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
328 #
329 # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
330 # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
331 #
332 # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
333 # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
353 # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
354 # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
355 # (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
356 # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
357 # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
358 # and Frethun run in CT.
359 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
360 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
361 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
362 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
363 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
364 # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
365
366 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
367 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
368 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC.
369 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
370 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
371 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
372 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
373
374 # Michael Deckers (2017-06-01) gave the following URLs for Ireland's
375 # Summer Time Act, 1925 and Summer Time Orders, 1926 and 1947:
376 # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1925/act/8/enacted/en/print.html
377 # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1926/sro/919/made/en/print.html
378 # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/sro/71/made/en/print.html
379
380 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
381 # Summer Time Act, 1916
382 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
383 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
384 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
385 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
386 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
387 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
388 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
389 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
390 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
391 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
392 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
393 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
394 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
395 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
396 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
397 # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
398 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
482 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
483 # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
484 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
485 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
486 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
487 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
488 # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
489 #
490 # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
491
492 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
493 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
494 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
495 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
496 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
497 0:00 EU GMT/BST
498 Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
499 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
500 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
501
502 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
503 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
504 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s # Dublin MT
505 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
506 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
507 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00s
508 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00s
509 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00s
510 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00s
511 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00s
512 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
513 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
514 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
515 0:00 EU GMT/IST
516
517 ###############################################################################
518
519 # Europe
520
521 # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
522 # Common Market, etc.
523
524 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
525 Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
526 Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
527 Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
528 Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
529 Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
530 Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
531 # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
532 # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
533 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
534 # http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
535
536 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
537 Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
538 Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
539 Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
540 Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
541 Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
542 Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
935 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
936 Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
937 Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
938 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
939 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
940 Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
941 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
942 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
943 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
944 1:00 EU CE%sT
945 # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
946
947 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
948
949 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
950 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
951 # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
952 # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
953 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
954 #
955 # The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
956 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
957 #
958 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
959 # in subsequent decrees with the law
960 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
961 #
962 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
963 # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
964 # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
965 # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
966 # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
967 # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
968 # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
969 # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
970 # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
971 # was suspended on that night):
972 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
973
974 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
975 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
991 Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
992 Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
993 Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
994 #
995 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
996 Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
997 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
998 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
999 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1000 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
1001 1:00 EU CE%sT
1002 Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
1003 0:00 - WET 1981
1004 0:00 EU WE%sT
1005 #
1006 # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
1007 # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
1008 # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
1009 # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
1010 #
1011 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1012 # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
1013 # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
1014 # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
1015 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
1016 # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
1017
1018 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
1019 # <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
1020 # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
1021 #
1022 # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
1023 # is according to the following time line:
1024 #
1025 # The military zone near Thule UTC-4
1026 # Standard Greenland time UTC-3
1027 # Scoresbysund UTC-1
1028 # Danmarkshavn UTC
1029 #
1030 # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
1031 # introduced.
1032
1033 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
1307 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
1308 # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
1309 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
1310 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1311 Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
1312 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
1313 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
1314 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
1315 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
1316 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1317 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
1318 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1319 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1320 1:00 EU CE%sT
1321
1322 # Germany
1323
1324 # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
1325 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
1326 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
1327 # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
1328
1329 # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
1330 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
1331 # https://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
1332 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
1333
1334 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
1335 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
1336 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
1337 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
1338 # this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04.
1339
1340
1341 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1342 Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
1343 Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1344 Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1345 # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
1346 # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
1347 # Go with the PTB.
1404 Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1405 Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
1406 Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
1407 Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
1408 Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
1409 Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
1410 Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1411 Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
1412 Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
1413 Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
1414 Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
1415 Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1416 Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1417 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1418 Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
1419 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
1420 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
1421 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
1422 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
1423 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
1424 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
1425 2:00 EU EE%sT
1426
1427 # Hungary
1428 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
1429 # Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
1430 # Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945.
1431 # National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29).
1432 # http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html
1433 # This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks
1434 # & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates).
1435 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1436 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
1437 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1438 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
1439 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 -
1440 Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
1441 Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1442 Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
1443 Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1444 Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
2103 # https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
2104 # Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
2105 # Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees
2106 # with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for
2107 # Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira.
2108 #
2109 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
2110 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
2111 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
2112 #
2113 # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
2114 # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
2115 # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
2116 #
2117 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
2118 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
2119 # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
2120 # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
2121 # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
2122 # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
2123 # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
2124 #
2125 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2126 # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
2127 # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
2128 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2129 Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
2130 # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2131 Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
2132 Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
2133 Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
2134 Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
2135 Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
2136 Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
2137 Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
2138 Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2139 Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
2140 Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
2141 Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2142 Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
2143 Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
2778 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2779 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2780 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2781 6:00 - +06
2782
2783 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22):
2784 # Asia/Barnaul covers:
2785 # 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
2786 # 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
2787
2788 # Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2789
2790 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2791 # Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25
2792 # http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm
2793 # suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on
2794 # 1995-05-28.
2795 #
2796 # https://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
2797 # has some historical data for Altai Krai:
2798 # before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7
2799 # after 1957: UTC+7
2800 # since 1995: UTC+6
2801 # http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
2802 # confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date.
2803
2804 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
2805 # Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones
2806 # by March 27, 2016 at 2am....
2807 # Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ...
2808 # Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7)
2809 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2810 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043
2811 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038
2812
2813 Zone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10
2814 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2815 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2816 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2817 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28
2818 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2819 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2820 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
3587 # I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
3588
3589 # From Fatih (2015-09-29):
3590 # It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy.
3591 # Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00
3592 # http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217
3593 #
3594 # From BBC News (2015-10-25):
3595 # Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a
3596 # government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan
3597 # Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan.
3598 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326
3599
3600 # From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08):
3601 # Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter....
3602 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf
3603 #
3604 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07):
3605 # The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey.
3606 # It takes effect today, which is not much notice.
3607
3608 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3609 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3610 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3611 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
3612 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
3613 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
3614 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
3615 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
3616 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3617 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
3618 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3619 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
3620 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3621 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3622 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
3623 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
3624 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
3625 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
3626 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
74 # июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
75 # Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
76 # http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
77 #
78 # Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
79 # History of Summer Time
80 # <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
81 # (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
82 #
83 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
84 # the rest are variants of the "xMT" pattern for a city's mean time,
85 # or are from other sources. Corrections are welcome!
86 # std dst 2dst
87 # LMT Local Mean Time
88 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
89 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
90 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
91 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
92 # 0:19:32.13 AMT* NST* Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)
93 # 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
94 # 1:00 IST GMT Irish Standard (1968-) with winter DST
95 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
96 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)
97 # 1:36:34 RMT* LST* Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)*
98 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
99 # 3:00 MSK MSD MDST* Moscow
100
101 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), re EEC/EC/EU members:
102 # The original six: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
103 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
104 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
105 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
106 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
107 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
108 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
109 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
110 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
111 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
112 # ...
113 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
114 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
115 # ...
116 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
117 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
118 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
119 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
120 # in the Directive.
121
122
285 # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
286 # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
287 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
288 # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
289 # It actually just had one transition.
290 # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
291 # Actually, it conformed to Britain.
292 # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
293 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
294 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
295 #
296 # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
297 # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
298 # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
299 # conform with Great Britain.
300 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
301 #
302 # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
303 # we'll ignore it for now.
304 # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
305
306 # From Paul Eggert (2017-12-04):
307 #
308 # Dunsink Observatory (8 km NW of Dublin's center) was to Dublin as
309 # Greenwich was to London. For example:
310 #
311 # "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
312 # -- James Joyce, Ulysses
313 #
314 # The abbreviation DMT stood for "Dublin Mean Time" or "Dunsink Mean Time";
315 # this being Ireland, opinions differed.
316 #
317 # Whitman says Dublin/Dunsink Mean Time was UT-00:25:21, which agrees
318 # with measurements of recent visitors to the Meridian Room of Dunsink
319 # Observatory; see Malone D. Dunsink and timekeeping. 2016-01-24.
320 # <https://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwmalone/time/dunsink.html>. Malone
321 # writes that the Nautical Almanac listed UT-00:25:22 until 1896, when
322 # it moved to UT-00:25:21.1 (I confirmed that the 1893 edition used
323 # the former and the 1896 edition used the latter). Evidently the
324 # news of this change propagated slowly, as Milne 1899 still lists
325 # UT-00:25:22 and cites the International Telegraph Bureau. As it is
326 # not clear that there was any practical significance to the change
327 # from UT-00:25:22 to UT-00:25:21.1 in civil timekeeping, omit this
328 # transition for now and just use the latter value, omitting its
329 # fraction since our format cannot represent fractions.
330
331 # "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
332 # was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
333 # would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed
334 # Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
335 # -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising.
336 # Irish Times 2014-10-27.
337 # https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411
338
339 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
340 # Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
341 # These include various relating to legal time, for example:
342 #
343 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
344 #
345 # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
346 # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
347 #
348 # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
349 # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
369 # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
370 # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
371 # (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
372 # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
373 # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
374 # and Frethun run in CT.
375 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
376 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
377 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
378 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
379 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
380 # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
381
382 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
383 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
384 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC.
385 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
386 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
387 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
388 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
389 #
390 # From Paul Eggert (2017-12-07):
391 # The 1996 anonymous contributor's goal was to determine the correct
392 # abbreviation for summer time in Dublin and so the contributor
393 # focused on the "IST", not on the "Irish Summer Time". Though the
394 # "IST" was correct, the "Irish Summer Time" appears to have been an
395 # error, as Ireland's Standard Time (Amendment) Act, 1971 states that
396 # standard time in Ireland remains at UT +01 and is observed in
397 # summer, and that Greenwich mean time is observed in winter. (Thanks
398 # to Derick Rethans for pointing out the error.) That is, when
399 # Ireland amended the 1968 act that established UT +01 as Irish
400 # Standard Time, it left standard time unchanged and established GMT
401 # as a negative daylight saving time in winter. So, in this database
402 # IST stands for Irish Summer Time for timestamps before 1968, and for
403 # Irish Standard Time after that. See:
404 # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1971/act/17/enacted/en/print
405
406 # Michael Deckers (2017-06-01) gave the following URLs for Ireland's
407 # Summer Time Act, 1925 and Summer Time Orders, 1926 and 1947:
408 # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1925/act/8/enacted/en/print
409 # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1926/sro/919/made/en/print
410 # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/sro/71/made/en/print
411
412 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
413 # Summer Time Act, 1916
414 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
415 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
416 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
417 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
418 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
419 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
420 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
421 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
422 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
423 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
424 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
425 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
426 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
427 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
428 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
429 # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
430 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
514 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
515 # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
516 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
517 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
518 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
519 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
520 # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
521 #
522 # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
523
524 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
525 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
526 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
527 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
528 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
529 0:00 EU GMT/BST
530 Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
531 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
532 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
533
534 # From Paul Eggert (2018-01-19):
535 # The following is like GB-Eire and EU, except with standard time in
536 # summer and negative daylight saving time in winter.
537 # Although currently commented out, this will need to become uncommented
538 # once the ICU/OpenJDK workaround is removed; see below.
539 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
540 #Rule Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 2:00u -1:00 GMT
541 #Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00u 0 IST
542 #Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00u -1:00 GMT
543 #Rule Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 0 IST
544 #Rule Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u -1:00 GMT
545 #Rule Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u -1:00 GMT
546 #Rule Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u -1:00 GMT
547
548 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
549 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
550 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s
551 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
552 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
553 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00s
554 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00s
555 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00s
556 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00s
557 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00s
558 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
559 # From Paul Eggert (2018-01-18):
560 # The next line should look like this:
561 # 1:00 Eire IST/GMT
562 # However, in January 2018 we discovered that the Eire rules cause
563 # problems with tests for ICU:
564 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025825.html
565 # and with tests for OpenJDK:
566 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025822.html
567 # To work around this problem, use a traditional approximation for
568 # time stamps after 1971-10-31 02:00 UTC, to give ICU and OpenJDK
569 # developers breathing room to fix bugs. This approximation has
570 # correct UTC offsets, but results in tm_isdst flags are the reverse
571 # of what they should be. This workaround is temporary and should be
572 # removed reasonably soon.
573 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
574 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
575 0:00 EU GMT/IST
576 # End of workaround for ICU and OpenJDK bugs.
577
578
579 ###############################################################################
580
581 # Europe
582
583 # The following rules are for the European Union and for its
584 # predecessor organization, the European Communities.
585 # For brevity they are called "EU rules" elsewhere in this file.
586
587 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
588 Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
589 Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
590 Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
591 Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
592 Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
593 Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
594 # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
595 # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
596 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
597 # http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
598
599 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
600 Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
601 Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
602 Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
603 Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
604 Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
605 Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
998 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
999 Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
1000 Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1001 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
1002 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1003 Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
1004 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
1005 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
1006 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
1007 1:00 EU CE%sT
1008 # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
1009
1010 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
1011
1012 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
1013 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
1014 # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
1015 # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
1016 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
1017 #
1018 # The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973:
1019 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
1020 #
1021 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
1022 # in subsequent decrees with the law
1023 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
1024 #
1025 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
1026 # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
1027 # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
1028 # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
1029 # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
1030 # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
1031 # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
1032 # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
1033 # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
1034 # was suspended on that night):
1035 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
1036
1037 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
1038 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
1054 Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
1055 Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
1056 Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
1057 #
1058 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1059 Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
1060 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
1061 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1062 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1063 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
1064 1:00 EU CE%sT
1065 Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
1066 0:00 - WET 1981
1067 0:00 EU WE%sT
1068 #
1069 # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
1070 # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
1071 # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
1072 # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
1073 #
1074 # From Paul Eggert (2017-12-10):
1075 # Greenland joined the European Communities as part of Denmark,
1076 # obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, and left the European Communities
1077 # on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
1078 # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
1079 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
1080 # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
1081
1082 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
1083 # <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
1084 # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
1085 #
1086 # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
1087 # is according to the following time line:
1088 #
1089 # The military zone near Thule UTC-4
1090 # Standard Greenland time UTC-3
1091 # Scoresbysund UTC-1
1092 # Danmarkshavn UTC
1093 #
1094 # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
1095 # introduced.
1096
1097 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
1371 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
1372 # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
1373 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
1374 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1375 Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
1376 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
1377 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
1378 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
1379 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
1380 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1381 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
1382 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1383 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1384 1:00 EU CE%sT
1385
1386 # Germany
1387
1388 # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
1389 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
1390 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
1391 # [See tz-link.html for the URL.]
1392
1393 # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
1394 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
1395 # https://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
1396 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
1397
1398 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
1399 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
1400 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
1401 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
1402 # this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04.
1403
1404
1405 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1406 Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
1407 Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1408 Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1409 # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
1410 # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
1411 # Go with the PTB.
1468 Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1469 Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
1470 Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
1471 Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
1472 Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
1473 Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
1474 Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1475 Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
1476 Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
1477 Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
1478 Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
1479 Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1480 Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1481 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1482 Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
1483 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
1484 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
1485 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
1486 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
1487 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
1488 # go with EU rules instead, since Greece joined Jan 1.
1489 2:00 EU EE%sT
1490
1491 # Hungary
1492 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
1493 # Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
1494 # Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945.
1495 # National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29).
1496 # http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html
1497 # This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks
1498 # & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates).
1499 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1500 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
1501 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1502 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
1503 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 -
1504 Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
1505 Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1506 Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
1507 Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1508 Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
2167 # https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
2168 # Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
2169 # Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees
2170 # with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for
2171 # Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira.
2172 #
2173 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
2174 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
2175 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
2176 #
2177 # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
2178 # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
2179 # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
2180 #
2181 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
2182 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
2183 # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
2184 # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
2185 # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
2186 # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
2187 # harmonized with EU rules), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
2188 #
2189 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2190 # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
2191 # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
2192 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2193 Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
2194 # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2195 Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
2196 Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
2197 Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
2198 Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
2199 Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
2200 Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
2201 Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
2202 Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2203 Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
2204 Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
2205 Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2206 Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
2207 Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
2842 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2843 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2844 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2845 6:00 - +06
2846
2847 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22):
2848 # Asia/Barnaul covers:
2849 # 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
2850 # 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
2851
2852 # Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2853
2854 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2855 # Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25
2856 # http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm
2857 # suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on
2858 # 1995-05-28.
2859 #
2860 # https://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
2861 # has some historical data for Altai Krai:
2862 # before 1957: west part on UT+6, east on UT+7
2863 # after 1957: UT+7
2864 # since 1995: UT+6
2865 # http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
2866 # confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date.
2867
2868 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
2869 # Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones
2870 # by March 27, 2016 at 2am....
2871 # Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ...
2872 # Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7)
2873 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2874 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043
2875 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038
2876
2877 Zone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10
2878 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2879 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2880 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2881 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28
2882 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2883 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2884 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
3651 # I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
3652
3653 # From Fatih (2015-09-29):
3654 # It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy.
3655 # Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00
3656 # http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217
3657 #
3658 # From BBC News (2015-10-25):
3659 # Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a
3660 # government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan
3661 # Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan.
3662 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326
3663
3664 # From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08):
3665 # Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter....
3666 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf
3667 #
3668 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07):
3669 # The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey.
3670 # It takes effect today, which is not much notice.
3671
3672 # From Kıvanç Yazan (2017-10-28):
3673 # Turkey will go back to Daylight Saving Time starting 2018-10.
3674 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/10/20171028-5.pdf
3675 #
3676 # From Even Scharning (2017-11-08):
3677 # ... today it was announced that the DST will become "continuous":
3678 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/son-dakika-yaz-saati-uygulamasi-surekli-hale-geldi-40637482
3679 # From Paul Eggert (2017-11-08):
3680 # Although Google Translate misfires on that source, it looks like
3681 # Turkey reversed last month's decision, and so will stay at +03.
3682
3683 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3684 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3685 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3686 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
3687 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
3688 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
3689 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
3690 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
3691 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3692 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
3693 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3694 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
3695 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3696 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3697 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
3698 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
3699 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
3700 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
3701 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|