1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 31 32 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20): 33 # 34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 38 # 39 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 40 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport 41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 42 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 43 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 44 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 45 # 46 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 47 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 48 # I found in the UCLA library. 49 # 50 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 51 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 52 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 53 # 54 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 55 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 56 # 57 # European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 58 # For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 59 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 60 # for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 61 # but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 62 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 63 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 64 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 65 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 66 # 67 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 68 # +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 69 # +02 CAT Central Africa Time 70 # +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 71 # and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 72 # +01 WAT West Africa Time 73 # Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 74 # I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 75 # cannot now come up with solid citations. 76 # 77 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 78 # +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 79 # +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 80 # +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 81 # +03 EAT East Africa Time 82 # 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired 83 # with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 84 85 # Algeria 86 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 87 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 88 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 89 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 90 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 91 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 92 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 93 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 94 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 95 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 96 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 97 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 98 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 99 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 100 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 101 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 102 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 103 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 104 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 105 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 106 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 107 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 108 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 109 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 110 # more precise 0:09:21. 111 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 112 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 113 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 114 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 115 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 116 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 117 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 118 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 119 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 120 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 121 1:00 - CET 122 123 # Angola 124 # Benin 125 # See Africa/Lagos. 126 127 # Botswana 128 # See Africa/Maputo. 129 130 # Burkina Faso 131 # See Africa/Abidjan. 132 133 # Burundi 134 # See Africa/Maputo. 135 136 # Cameroon 137 # See Africa/Lagos. 138 139 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 140 # 141 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 142 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 143 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 144 # merely made it official? 145 # 146 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 147 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 148 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 149 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 150 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 151 -1:00 - -01 152 153 # Central African Republic 154 # See Africa/Lagos. 155 156 # Chad 157 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 158 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 159 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 160 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 161 1:00 - WAT 162 163 # Comoros 164 # See Africa/Nairobi. 165 166 # Democratic Republic of the Congo 167 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 168 169 # Republic of the Congo 170 # See Africa/Lagos. 171 172 # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 173 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 174 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 175 0:00 - GMT 176 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 177 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 178 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 179 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 180 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 181 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 182 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 183 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 184 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 185 186 # Djibouti 187 # See Africa/Nairobi. 188 189 ############################################################################### 190 191 # Egypt 192 193 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 194 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 195 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 196 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 197 198 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 199 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 200 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 201 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 202 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 203 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 204 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 205 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 206 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 207 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 208 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 209 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 210 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 211 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 212 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 213 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 214 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 215 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 216 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 217 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 218 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 219 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 220 221 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 222 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 223 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 224 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 225 # 226 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 227 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 228 # or 229 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 230 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 231 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 232 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 233 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 234 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 235 # after observing the daylight saving time since May. 236 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 237 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 238 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 239 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 240 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 241 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 242 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 243 # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 244 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 245 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 246 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 247 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 248 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 249 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 250 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 251 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 252 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 253 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 254 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 255 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 256 257 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 258 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 259 # 260 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 261 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 262 # Apr 23 263 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 264 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 265 # Apr 24 266 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 267 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 268 # Aug 27 269 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 270 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 271 # Aug 27 272 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 273 # 274 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 275 # :59) 276 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 277 # 278 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 279 # 280 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 281 # [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 282 # [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 283 284 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 285 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 286 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 287 # in September. 288 289 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 290 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 291 # Information and Decision Support Center: 292 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 293 # 294 # The Middle East News Agency 295 # https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 296 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 297 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 298 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 299 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 300 # (at least today). 301 302 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 303 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 304 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 305 # Ramadan. 306 # 307 # Arabic translation: 308 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 309 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 310 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 311 312 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 313 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 314 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 315 316 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 317 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 318 319 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 320 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 321 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 322 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 323 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 324 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 325 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 326 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 327 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 328 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 329 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 330 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 331 332 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 333 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 334 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 335 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 336 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 337 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 338 339 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 340 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 341 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 342 # Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 343 # dates not yet announced.... 344 # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 345 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 346 347 # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 348 # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 349 # least for 2015. 350 # 351 # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 352 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 353 # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 354 # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 355 # practice altogether in future years." 356 # 357 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 358 # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 359 # decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 360 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 361 362 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 363 # Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 364 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 365 # From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 366 # Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 367 368 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 369 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 370 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 371 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 372 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 373 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 374 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 375 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 376 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 377 378 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 379 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 380 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 381 382 # Equatorial Guinea 383 # See Africa/Lagos. 384 385 # Eritrea 386 # Ethiopia 387 # See Africa/Nairobi. 388 389 # Gabon 390 # See Africa/Lagos. 391 392 # Gambia 393 # See Africa/Abidjan. 394 395 # Ghana 396 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 397 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 398 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942; 399 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by: 400 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book, 401 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii. 402 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942. 403 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 404 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 405 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 406 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 407 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020 408 409 # Guinea 410 # See Africa/Abidjan. 411 412 # Guinea-Bissau 413 # 414 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 415 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 416 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 417 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01. 418 # 419 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 420 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 421 -1:00 - -01 1975 422 0:00 - GMT 423 424 # Kenya 425 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 426 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 427 3:00 - EAT 1930 428 2:30 - +0230 1940 429 2:45 - +0245 1960 430 3:00 - EAT 431 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 432 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 433 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 434 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 435 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 436 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 437 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 438 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 439 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 440 441 # Lesotho 442 # See Africa/Johannesburg. 443 444 # Liberia 445 # 446 # From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 447 # 448 # The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 449 # 450 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 451 # that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 452 # 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 453 # Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 454 # President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 455 # Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 456 # 457 # Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 458 # abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 459 # 460 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 461 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 462 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 463 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 464 0:00 - GMT 465 466 ############################################################################### 467 468 # Libya 469 470 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 471 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 472 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 473 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 474 # 475 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 476 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 477 # 478 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 479 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 480 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 481 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 482 # lastFri instead of lastSun). 483 484 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 485 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 486 # cancelled yesterday.... 487 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 488 # 489 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 490 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 491 492 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 493 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 494 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 495 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 496 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 497 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 498 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 499 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 500 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 501 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 502 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 503 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 504 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 505 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 506 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 507 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 508 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 509 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 510 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 511 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 512 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 513 2:00 - EET 1982 514 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 515 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 516 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 517 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 518 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 519 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 520 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 521 2:00 - EET 522 523 # Madagascar 524 # See Africa/Nairobi. 525 526 # Malawi 527 # See Africa/Maputo. 528 529 # Mali 530 # Mauritania 531 # See Africa/Abidjan. 532 533 # Mauritius 534 535 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 536 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 537 # basis.... 538 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 539 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 540 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 541 542 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 543 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 544 545 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 546 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 547 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 548 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 549 550 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 551 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 552 553 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 554 # According to 555 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 556 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 557 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 558 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 559 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 560 # 561 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 562 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 563 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 564 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 565 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 566 # changes two days later. 567 568 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 569 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 570 # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 571 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 572 # 573 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 574 # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 575 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 576 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 577 578 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 579 # The Government of Mauritius weblink 580 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 581 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 582 # 583 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 584 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 585 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 586 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 587 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 588 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 589 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 590 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 591 # and end on 29 March 2009. 592 593 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 594 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 595 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 596 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 597 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 598 599 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 600 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 601 # DST the coming summer... 602 # 603 # Some sources, in French: 604 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 605 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 606 # 607 # Our wrap-up: 608 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 609 610 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 611 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 612 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 613 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 614 615 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 616 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 617 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 618 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 619 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 620 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 621 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 622 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 623 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez 624 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 625 626 # Mayotte 627 # See Africa/Nairobi. 628 629 # Morocco 630 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 631 632 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 633 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 634 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 635 # 636 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 637 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 638 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 639 # 640 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 641 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 642 643 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 644 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 645 # Presse: 646 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 647 # 648 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 649 # spokesman. 650 651 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 652 # According to this article: 653 # https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 654 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 655 # the changes occur at midnight: 656 # 657 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 658 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 659 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight 660 # 661 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 662 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 663 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 664 # June 1st to Sept 27th. 665 # 666 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 667 # published on the web. 668 # 669 # It's also confirmed here: 670 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 671 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 672 # posted in English). 673 # 674 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 675 # https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 676 677 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 678 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 679 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 680 # of September: 681 # 682 # One article about it (in French): 683 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 684 # 685 # We have some further details posted here: 686 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 687 688 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 689 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 690 # to many sources, such as 691 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 692 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 693 # (French) 694 # 695 # Our summary: 696 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 697 698 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 699 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 700 # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 701 # 702 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 703 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 704 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 705 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 706 # 707 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 708 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 709 710 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 711 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 712 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 713 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 714 # 715 # Example: 716 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 717 # (French) 718 # Our page: 719 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 720 721 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 722 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 723 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 724 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 725 # ...Official links of change in morocco 726 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 727 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 728 # +212.537.71.84.00 729 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 730 # They said that 731 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 732 # is the official publication to look at. 733 # They said that the decision was already taken. 734 # 735 # More articles in the press 736 # https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 737 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 738 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 739 740 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 741 # They have it written in English here: 742 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 743 # 744 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 745 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 746 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 747 # also been like that in the past. 748 749 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 750 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 751 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 752 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 753 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 754 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 755 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 756 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 757 # except the month of Ramadan. 758 # or (brief) 759 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 760 761 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 762 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 763 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 764 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 765 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 766 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 767 768 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 769 # Seen Morocco change again: 770 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 771 # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 772 # comme annoncé précédemment." 773 774 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 775 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 776 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 777 # 778 # Google translation, lightly edited: 779 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 780 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 781 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 782 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 783 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 784 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 785 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 786 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 787 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 788 789 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 790 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 791 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 792 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 793 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 794 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 795 796 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 797 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 798 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 799 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 800 801 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 802 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 803 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 804 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 805 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 806 # source (French): 807 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 808 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 809 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 810 811 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 812 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 813 814 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 815 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 816 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 817 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 818 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 819 820 # From Milamber (2015-06-08): 821 # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 822 # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 823 # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 824 # 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 825 # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 826 # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 827 # Source (french): 828 # https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 829 # 830 # From Milamber (2015-06-09): 831 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 832 # 833 # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 834 # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 835 # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 836 # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 837 # <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 838 # with the patch. 839 840 # From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08): 841 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules, 842 # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 843 # Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after 844 # Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were 845 # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 846 # results integrated by hand into the table below. 847 # (let ((islamic-year 1437)) 848 # (require 'cal-islam) 849 # (while (< islamic-year 1460) 850 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 851 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 852 # (sunday 0)) 853 # (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 854 # (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 855 # (setq b (1+ b))) 856 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 857 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 858 # (insert 859 # (format 860 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 861 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 862 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 863 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 864 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 865 866 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 867 868 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 869 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 870 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 871 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 872 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 873 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 874 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 875 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 876 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 877 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 878 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 879 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 880 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 881 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 882 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 883 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 884 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 885 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 886 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 887 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 888 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 889 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 890 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 891 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 892 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 893 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 894 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 895 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 896 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 897 Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 898 Rule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 899 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 900 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 901 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 902 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S 903 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 904 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S 905 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 906 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S 907 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 908 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S 909 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 - 910 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S 911 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 - 912 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S 913 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 - 914 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S 915 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S 916 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S 917 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S 918 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S 919 Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 920 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 - 921 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 - 922 923 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 924 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 925 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 926 1:00 - CET 1986 927 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 928 929 # Western Sahara 930 # 931 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 932 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 933 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 934 # Morocco does. 935 # 936 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 937 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 938 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 939 940 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún 941 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 942 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 943 944 # Mozambique 945 # 946 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 947 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 948 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 949 # merely made it official? 950 # 951 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 952 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 953 2:00 - CAT 954 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 955 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 956 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 957 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 958 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 959 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 960 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 961 962 963 # Namibia 964 965 # From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 966 # The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 967 # www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 968 # and includes this nugget: 969 # Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 970 # first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 971 # commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 972 # Sunday 4 September 1994. 973 974 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 975 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 976 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 977 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 978 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 979 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 980 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 981 # of the country. 982 # 983 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 984 # Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 985 # observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 986 # In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 987 # See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 988 # https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 989 990 # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 991 # Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 992 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 993 # This video is from the government decision: 994 # https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 995 # We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 996 # the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 997 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 998 999 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1000 Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 1001 Rule Namibia 1994 2016 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1002 Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 1003 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1004 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1005 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1006 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1007 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1008 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1009 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1010 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 2017 Sep 3 2:00 1011 2:00 - CAT 1012 1013 # Niger 1014 # See Africa/Lagos. 1015 1016 # Nigeria 1017 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1018 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1019 1:00 - WAT 1020 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 1021 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 1022 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1023 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1024 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1025 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1026 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1027 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1028 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1029 1030 # Réunion 1031 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1032 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1033 4:00 - +04 1034 # 1035 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1036 # 1037 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. 1038 # The following information about them is taken from 1039 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1040 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1041 # We have no info about their time zone histories. 1042 # 1043 # Bassas da India - uninhabited 1044 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1045 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1046 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1047 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1048 1049 # Rwanda 1050 # See Africa/Maputo. 1051 1052 # St Helena 1053 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1054 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1055 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1056 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1057 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1058 # on GMT, says the CIA 1059 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1060 1061 # São Tomé and Príncipe 1062 1063 # From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1064 # Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1065 # they entered the year 2018. 1066 # From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1067 # the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1068 # http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1069 1070 Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1071 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time 1072 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1073 1:00 - WAT 1074 1075 # Senegal 1076 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1077 1078 # Seychelles 1079 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1080 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1081 4:00 - +04 1082 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1083 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1084 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1085 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1086 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1087 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1088 1089 # Sierra Leone 1090 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1091 1092 # Somalia 1093 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1094 1095 # South Africa 1096 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1097 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1098 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1099 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1100 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1101 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1102 2:00 SA SAST 1103 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1104 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland 1105 # 1106 # Marion and Prince Edward Is 1107 # scientific station since 1947 1108 # no information 1109 1110 # Sudan 1111 1112 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1113 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1114 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1115 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1116 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1117 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1118 1119 # From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1120 # ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1121 # to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1122 # 1123 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1124 # A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1125 # year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1126 # Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1127 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1128 1129 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1130 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1131 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1132 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1133 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1134 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1135 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1136 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1137 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1138 2:00 - CAT 1139 1140 # South Sudan 1141 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1142 Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1143 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1144 3:00 - EAT 1145 1146 # Swaziland 1147 # See Africa/Johannesburg. 1148 1149 # Tanzania 1150 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1151 1152 # Togo 1153 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1154 1155 # Tunisia 1156 1157 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1158 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1159 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1160 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1161 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1162 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1163 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1164 # Saturday." (My translation) 1165 # 1166 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1167 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1168 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1169 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1170 # 1h standard time. 1171 # 1172 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1173 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1174 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1175 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1176 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1177 1178 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1179 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1180 # (Arabic) 1181 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1182 # https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1183 # 1184 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1185 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1186 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1187 1188 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1189 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1190 # 1191 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1192 # 1193 # (in English) 1194 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1195 # 1196 # (in Arabic) 1197 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1198 1199 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1200 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1201 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1202 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1203 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1204 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1205 1206 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1207 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1208 # 1209 # (translation): 1210 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1211 # Sunday... 1212 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1213 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1214 # 1215 # (in Arabic) 1216 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1217 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1218 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1219 1220 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1221 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1222 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1223 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1224 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1225 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1226 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1227 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1228 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1229 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1230 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1231 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1232 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1233 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1234 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1235 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1236 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1237 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1238 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1239 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1240 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1241 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1242 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1243 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1244 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1245 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1246 1247 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1248 # more precise 0:09:21. 1249 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1250 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1251 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1252 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1253 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1254 1255 # Uganda 1256 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1257 1258 # Zambia 1259 # Zimbabwe 1260 # See Africa/Maputo.