1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. 7 # 8 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 9 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 10 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 11 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 12 # accompanied this code). 13 # 14 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 15 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 16 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 17 # 18 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 19 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 20 # questions. 21 # 22 # tzdb data for Africa and environs 23 24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 31 32 # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 33 # 34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 38 # 39 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 40 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport 41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 42 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 43 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 44 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 45 # 46 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 47 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 48 # I found in the UCLA library. 49 # 50 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 51 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 52 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 53 # 54 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 55 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 56 # 57 # European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 58 # For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 59 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 60 # for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 61 # but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 62 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 63 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 64 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 65 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 66 # 67 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 68 # +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 69 # +02 CAT Central Africa Time 70 # +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 71 # and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 72 # +01 WAT West Africa Time 73 # Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 74 # I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 75 # cannot now come up with solid citations. 76 # 77 # I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 78 # +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 79 # +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 80 # +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 81 # +03 EAT East Africa Time 82 # 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 83 # the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 84 # they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 85 # Corrections are welcome. 86 87 # Algeria 88 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 89 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 90 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 91 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 92 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 93 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 94 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 95 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 96 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 97 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 98 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 99 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 100 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 101 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 102 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 103 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 104 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 105 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 106 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 107 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 108 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 109 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 110 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 111 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 112 # more precise 0:09:21. 113 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 114 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 115 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 116 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 117 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 118 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 119 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 120 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 121 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 122 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 123 1:00 - CET 124 125 # Angola 126 # Benin 127 # See Africa/Lagos. 128 129 # Botswana 130 # See Africa/Maputo. 131 132 # Burkina Faso 133 # See Africa/Abidjan. 134 135 # Burundi 136 # See Africa/Maputo. 137 138 # Cameroon 139 # See Africa/Lagos. 140 141 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 142 # 143 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 144 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 145 # For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 146 # (see Europe/Lisbon). 147 # 148 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 149 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 150 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 151 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 152 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 153 -1:00 - -01 154 155 # Central African Republic 156 # See Africa/Lagos. 157 158 # Chad 159 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 160 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 161 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 162 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 163 1:00 - WAT 164 165 # Comoros 166 # See Africa/Nairobi. 167 168 # Democratic Republic of the Congo 169 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 170 171 # Republic of the Congo 172 # See Africa/Lagos. 173 174 # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 175 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 176 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 177 0:00 - GMT 178 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 179 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 180 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 181 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 182 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 183 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 184 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 185 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 186 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 187 188 # Djibouti 189 # See Africa/Nairobi. 190 191 ############################################################################### 192 193 # Egypt 194 195 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 196 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 197 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 198 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 199 200 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 201 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 202 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 203 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 204 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 205 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 206 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 207 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 208 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 209 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 210 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 211 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 212 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 213 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 214 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 215 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 216 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 217 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 218 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 219 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 220 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 221 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 222 223 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 224 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 225 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 226 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 227 # 228 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 229 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 230 # or 231 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 232 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 233 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 234 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 235 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 236 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 237 # after observing the daylight saving time since May. 238 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 239 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 240 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 241 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 242 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 243 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 244 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 245 # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 246 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 247 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 248 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 249 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 250 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 251 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 252 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 253 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 254 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 255 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 256 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 257 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 258 259 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 260 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 261 # 262 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 263 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 264 # Apr 23 265 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 266 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 267 # Apr 24 268 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 269 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 270 # Aug 27 271 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 272 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 273 # Aug 27 274 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 275 # 276 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 277 # :59) 278 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 279 # 280 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 281 # 282 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 283 # [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 284 # [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 285 286 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 287 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 288 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 289 # in September. 290 291 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 292 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 293 # Information and Decision Support Center: 294 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 295 # 296 # The Middle East News Agency 297 # https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 298 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 299 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 300 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 301 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 302 # (at least today). 303 304 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 305 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 306 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 307 # Ramadan. 308 # 309 # Arabic translation: 310 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 311 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 312 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 313 314 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 315 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 316 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 317 318 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 319 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 320 321 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 322 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 323 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 324 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 325 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 326 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 327 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 328 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 329 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 330 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 331 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 332 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 333 334 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 335 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 336 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 337 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 338 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 339 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 340 341 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 342 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 343 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 344 # Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 345 # dates not yet announced.... 346 # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 347 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 348 349 # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 350 # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 351 # least for 2015. 352 # 353 # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 354 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 355 # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 356 # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 357 # practice altogether in future years." 358 # 359 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 360 # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 361 # decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 362 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 363 364 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 365 # Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 366 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 367 # From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 368 # Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 369 370 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 371 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 372 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 373 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 374 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 375 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 376 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 377 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 378 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 379 380 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 381 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 382 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 383 384 # Equatorial Guinea 385 # See Africa/Lagos. 386 387 # Eritrea 388 # Ethiopia 389 # See Africa/Nairobi. 390 # 391 # Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 392 # as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 393 # timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 394 # Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 395 # check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 396 # https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 397 398 # Gabon 399 # See Africa/Lagos. 400 401 # Gambia 402 # See Africa/Abidjan. 403 404 # Ghana 405 406 # From Paul Eggert (2018-01-30): 407 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 408 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942 with 20 minutes of DST, 409 # with transitions on 09-01 and 12-31 at 00:00. 410 # Page 33 of Parish GCB, Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 1066. Gold 411 # Coast. Report for 1919. (March 1921), OCLC 784024077 412 # http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/africana/books2011-05/5530214/5530214_1919/5530214_1919_opt.pdf 413 # lists the Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919, No. 18, 414 # "to advance the time observed locally by the space of twenty minutes 415 # during the last four months of each year; the object in view being 416 # to extend during those months the period of daylight-time available 417 # for evening recreation after office hours." 418 # Vanessa Ogle, The Global Transformation of Time, 1870-1950 (2015), p 33, 419 # writes "In 1919, the Gold Coast (Ghana as of 1957) made Greenwich 420 # time its legal time and simultaneously legalized a summer time of 421 # UTC - 00:20 minutes from March to October."; a footnote lists 422 # the ordinance as being dated 1919-11-24. 423 # The Crown Colonist, Volume 12 (1942), p 176, says "the Government 424 # intend advancing Gold Coast time half an hour ahead of G.M.T. 425 # The actual date of the alteration has not yet been announced." 426 # These sources are incomplete and contradictory. Possibly what is 427 # now Ghana observed different DST regimes in different years. For 428 # lack of better info, use Shanks except treat the minus sign as a 429 # typo, and assume DST started in 1920 not 1936. 430 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 431 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 - 432 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 433 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 434 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 435 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020 436 437 # Guinea 438 # See Africa/Abidjan. 439 440 # Guinea-Bissau 441 # 442 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 443 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 444 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 445 # (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 446 # 447 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 448 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 449 -1:00 - -01 1975 450 0:00 - GMT 451 452 # Kenya 453 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 454 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 455 3:00 - EAT 1930 456 2:30 - +0230 1940 457 2:45 - +0245 1960 458 3:00 - EAT 459 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 460 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 461 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 462 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 463 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 464 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 465 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 466 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 467 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 468 469 # Lesotho 470 # See Africa/Johannesburg. 471 472 # Liberia 473 # 474 # From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 475 # 476 # The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 477 # 478 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 479 # that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 480 # 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 481 # Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 482 # President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 483 # Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 484 # 485 # Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 486 # abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 487 # 488 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 489 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 490 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 491 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 492 0:00 - GMT 493 494 ############################################################################### 495 496 # Libya 497 498 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 499 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 500 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 501 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 502 # 503 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 504 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 505 # 506 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 507 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 508 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 509 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 510 # lastFri instead of lastSun). 511 512 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 513 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 514 # cancelled yesterday.... 515 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 516 # 517 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 518 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 519 520 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 521 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 522 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 523 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 524 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 525 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 526 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 527 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 528 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 529 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 530 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 531 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 532 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 533 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 534 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 535 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 536 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 537 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 538 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 539 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 540 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 541 2:00 - EET 1982 542 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 543 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 544 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 545 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 546 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 547 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 548 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 549 2:00 - EET 550 551 # Madagascar 552 # See Africa/Nairobi. 553 554 # Malawi 555 # See Africa/Maputo. 556 557 # Mali 558 # Mauritania 559 # See Africa/Abidjan. 560 561 # Mauritius 562 563 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 564 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 565 # basis.... 566 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 567 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 568 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 569 570 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 571 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 572 573 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 574 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 575 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 576 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 577 578 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 579 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 580 581 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 582 # According to 583 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 584 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 585 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 586 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 587 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 588 # 589 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 590 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 591 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 592 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 593 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 594 # changes two days later. 595 596 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 597 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 598 # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 599 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 600 # 601 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 602 # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 603 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 604 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 605 606 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 607 # The Government of Mauritius weblink 608 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 609 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 610 # 611 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 612 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 613 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 614 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 615 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 616 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 617 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 618 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 619 # and end on 29 March 2009. 620 621 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 622 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 623 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 624 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 625 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 626 627 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 628 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 629 # DST the coming summer... 630 # 631 # Some sources, in French: 632 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 633 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 634 # 635 # Our wrap-up: 636 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 637 638 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 639 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 640 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 641 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 642 643 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 644 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 645 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 646 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 647 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 648 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 649 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 650 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 651 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez 652 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 653 654 # Mayotte 655 # See Africa/Nairobi. 656 657 # Morocco 658 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 659 660 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 661 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 662 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 663 # 664 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 665 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 666 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 667 # 668 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 669 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 670 671 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 672 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 673 # Presse: 674 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 675 # 676 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 677 # spokesman. 678 679 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 680 # According to this article: 681 # https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 682 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 683 # the changes occur at midnight: 684 # 685 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 686 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 687 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight 688 # 689 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 690 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 691 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 692 # June 1st to Sept 27th. 693 # 694 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 695 # published on the web. 696 # 697 # It's also confirmed here: 698 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 699 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 700 # posted in English). 701 # 702 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 703 # https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 704 705 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 706 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 707 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 708 # of September: 709 # 710 # One article about it (in French): 711 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 712 # 713 # We have some further details posted here: 714 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 715 716 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 717 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 718 # to many sources, such as 719 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 720 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 721 # (French) 722 # 723 # Our summary: 724 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 725 726 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 727 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 728 # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 729 # 730 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 731 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 732 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 733 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 734 # 735 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 736 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 737 738 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 739 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 740 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 741 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 742 # 743 # Example: 744 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 745 # (French) 746 # Our page: 747 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 748 749 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 750 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 751 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 752 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 753 # ...Official links of change in morocco 754 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 755 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 756 # +212.537.71.84.00 757 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 758 # They said that 759 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 760 # is the official publication to look at. 761 # They said that the decision was already taken. 762 # 763 # More articles in the press 764 # https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 765 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 766 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 767 768 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 769 # They have it written in English here: 770 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 771 # 772 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 773 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 774 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 775 # also been like that in the past. 776 777 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 778 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 779 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 780 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 781 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 782 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 783 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 784 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 785 # except the month of Ramadan. 786 # or (brief) 787 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 788 789 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 790 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 791 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 792 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 793 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 794 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 795 796 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 797 # Seen Morocco change again: 798 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 799 # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 800 # comme annoncé précédemment." 801 802 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 803 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 804 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 805 # 806 # Google translation, lightly edited: 807 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 808 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 809 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 810 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 811 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 812 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 813 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 814 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 815 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 816 817 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 818 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 819 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 820 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 821 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 822 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 823 824 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 825 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 826 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 827 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 828 829 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 830 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 831 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 832 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 833 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 834 # source (French): 835 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 836 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 837 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 838 839 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 840 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 841 842 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 843 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 844 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 845 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 846 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 847 848 # From Milamber (2015-06-08): 849 # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 850 # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 851 # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 852 # 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 853 # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 854 # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 855 # Source (french): 856 # https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 857 # 858 # From Milamber (2015-06-09): 859 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 860 # 861 # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 862 # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 863 # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 864 # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 865 # <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 866 # with the patch. 867 868 # From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 869 # Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 870 # of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 871 # From Brian Inglis (2018-10-26): 872 # http://www.maroc.ma/fr/actualites/le-conseil-de-gouvernement-adopte-un-projet-de-decret-relatif-lheure-legale-stipulant-le 873 874 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 875 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 876 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 877 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 878 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 879 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 880 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 881 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 882 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 883 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 884 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 885 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 886 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 887 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 888 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 889 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 890 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 891 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 892 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 893 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 894 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 895 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 896 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 897 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 898 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 899 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 900 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 901 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 902 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 903 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 904 Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 905 Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 906 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 907 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 908 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 909 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 910 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 911 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 912 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 913 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 914 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 915 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 916 917 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 918 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 919 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16 920 1:00 - +01 1986 921 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 27 922 1:00 - +01 923 924 # Western Sahara 925 # 926 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 927 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 928 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 929 # Morocco does. 930 # 931 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 932 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 933 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 934 935 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún 936 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 937 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 27 938 1:00 - +01 939 940 # Mozambique 941 # 942 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 943 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 944 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 945 # merely made it official? 946 # 947 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 948 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 949 2:00 - CAT 950 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 951 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 952 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 953 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 954 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 955 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 956 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 957 958 959 # Namibia 960 961 # From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 962 # The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 963 # www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 964 # and includes this nugget: 965 # Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 966 # first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 967 # commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 968 # Sunday 4 September 1994. 969 970 # From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 971 # ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 972 # (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 973 974 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 975 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 976 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 977 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 978 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 979 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 980 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 981 # of the country. 982 # 983 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 984 # Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 985 # observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 986 # In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 987 # See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 988 # https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 989 990 # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 991 # Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 992 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 993 # This video is from the government decision: 994 # https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 995 # We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 996 # the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 997 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 998 999 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1000 # Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1001 # However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1002 # http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1003 # https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1004 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1005 # Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1006 # with Namibia's neighbors. 1007 1008 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1009 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1010 #Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1011 #Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1012 #Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1013 # Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST. 1014 Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1015 Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1016 Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1017 # End of rearguard section. 1018 1019 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1020 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1021 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1022 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1023 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1024 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1025 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1026 # 2:00 Namibia %s 1027 # Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST. 1028 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1029 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1030 # The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1031 # http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1032 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1033 2:00 - CAT 1034 # End of rearguard section. 1035 1036 # Niger 1037 # See Africa/Lagos. 1038 1039 # Nigeria 1040 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1041 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1042 1:00 - WAT 1043 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 1044 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 1045 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1046 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1047 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1048 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1049 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1050 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1051 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1052 1053 # Réunion 1054 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1055 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1056 4:00 - +04 1057 # 1058 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1059 # 1060 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. 1061 # The following information about them is taken from 1062 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1063 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1064 # We have no info about their time zone histories. 1065 # 1066 # Bassas da India - uninhabited 1067 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1068 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1069 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1070 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1071 1072 # Rwanda 1073 # See Africa/Maputo. 1074 1075 # St Helena 1076 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1077 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1078 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1079 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1080 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1081 # on GMT, says the CIA 1082 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1083 1084 # São Tomé and Príncipe 1085 1086 # See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1087 1088 # From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1089 # Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1090 # they entered the year 2018. 1091 # From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1092 # the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1093 # http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1094 1095 Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1096 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1097 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1098 1:00 - WAT 1099 1100 # Senegal 1101 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1102 1103 # Seychelles 1104 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1105 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1106 4:00 - +04 1107 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1108 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1109 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1110 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1111 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1112 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1113 1114 # Sierra Leone 1115 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1116 1117 # Somalia 1118 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1119 1120 # South Africa 1121 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1122 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1123 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1124 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1125 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1126 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1127 2:00 SA SAST 1128 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1129 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland 1130 # 1131 # Marion and Prince Edward Is 1132 # scientific station since 1947 1133 # no information 1134 1135 # Sudan 1136 1137 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1138 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1139 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1140 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1141 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1142 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1143 1144 # From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1145 # ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1146 # to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1147 # 1148 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1149 # A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1150 # year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1151 # Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1152 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1153 1154 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1155 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1156 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1157 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1158 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1159 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1160 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1161 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1162 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1163 2:00 - CAT 1164 1165 # South Sudan 1166 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1167 Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1168 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1169 3:00 - EAT 1170 1171 # Swaziland 1172 # See Africa/Johannesburg. 1173 1174 # Tanzania 1175 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1176 1177 # Togo 1178 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1179 1180 # Tunisia 1181 1182 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1183 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1184 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1185 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1186 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1187 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1188 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1189 # Saturday." (My translation) 1190 # 1191 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1192 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1193 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1194 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1195 # 1h standard time. 1196 # 1197 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1198 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1199 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1200 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1201 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1202 1203 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1204 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1205 # (Arabic) 1206 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1207 # https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1208 # 1209 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1210 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1211 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1212 1213 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1214 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1215 # 1216 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1217 # 1218 # (in English) 1219 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1220 # 1221 # (in Arabic) 1222 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1223 1224 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1225 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1226 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1227 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1228 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1229 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1230 1231 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1232 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1233 # 1234 # (translation): 1235 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1236 # Sunday... 1237 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1238 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1239 # 1240 # (in Arabic) 1241 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1242 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1243 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1244 1245 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1246 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1247 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1248 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1249 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1250 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1251 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1252 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1253 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1254 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1255 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1256 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1257 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1258 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1259 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1260 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1261 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1262 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1263 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1264 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1265 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1266 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1267 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1268 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1269 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1270 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1271 1272 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1273 # more precise 0:09:21. 1274 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1275 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1276 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1277 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1278 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1279 1280 # Uganda 1281 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1282 1283 # Zambia 1284 # Zimbabwe 1285 # See Africa/Maputo.