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20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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22 # questions.
23 #
24 # <pre>
25 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
26 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
27
28 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
29 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
30 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
31
32 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
33 #
34 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
37 #
38 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
39 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
40 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
41 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
42 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
43 #
44 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
45 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
46 #
47 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
48 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
49 # I found in the UCLA library.
50 #
51 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
52 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
53 #
54 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
55 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
56 # Corrections are welcome!
57 # std dst
58 # LMT Local Mean Time
59 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
60 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
61 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
62 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
63 # 4:00 GST Gulf*
64 # 5:30 IST India
65 # 7:00 ICT Indochina*
66 # 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
67 # 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
68 # 8:00 CST China
69 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
70 # 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
71 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
72 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea
73 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
74 #
75 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
76
77 # From Guy Harris:
78 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
79 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
80 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
81 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
82
83 ###############################################################################
84
85 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
86 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
87 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
88 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
89 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
90 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
91 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
92 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
93 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
94 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
95 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
96 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
97 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
98 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
99 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
100 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
101 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
102
103 # Afghanistan
104 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
105 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
106 4:00 - AFT 1945
107 4:30 - AFT
108
109 # Armenia
110 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
111 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
112 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
113 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
114 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
115 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
116 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
117 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
118 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
119
120 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
121 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
122 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
123
124 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
125 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
126 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
127 #
128 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
129 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
130 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
131 # or
132 # (brief)
133 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
134 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
135 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
136 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
137 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
138 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
139 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
140 4:00 - AMT 1997
141 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s
142 4:00 - AMT
143
144 # Azerbaijan
145 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
146 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
147 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
148 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
149 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
150 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
151 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
152 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
153 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
154 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
155 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
156 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
157 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
158 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
159 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
160
161 # Bahrain
162 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
163 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
164 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
165 3:00 - AST
166
167 # Bangladesh
168 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
169 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
170 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
171 #
172 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
173 # <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288">
174 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
175 # </a>
176 # or
177 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html">
178 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
179 # </a>
180 #
181 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
182 # June
183 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
184 # crippling power crisis. "
185 #
186 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
187 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
188
189 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
190 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
191 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
192 #
193 # Some sources:
194 # <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601">
195 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
196 # </a>
197 # <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2">
198 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
199 # </a>
200 #
201 # Our wrap-up:
202 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html">
203 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
204 # </a>
205
206 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
207 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
208 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
209 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
210 #
211 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
212
213 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
214 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
215 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
216 #
217 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
218 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
219 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021">
220 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
221 # </a>
222 # or
223 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html">
224 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
225 # </a>
226
227 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
228 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
229 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
230 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
231 # "continue for an indefinite period."
232 #
233 # One of many places where it is published:
234 # <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html">
235 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
236 # </a>
237
238 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
239 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
240 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
241 #
242 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
243 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228">
244 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
245 # </a>
246 # and
247 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html">
248 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
249 # </a>
250 #
251 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
252 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
253 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
254 # Minister's Office last night..."
255
256 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
257 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
258 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
259 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817">
260 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
261 # </a>
262 # or
263 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html">
264 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
265 # </a>
266
267 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
268 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
269 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 -
270
271 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
272 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
273 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
274 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
275 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
276 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
277 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
278 6:00 - BDT 2009
279 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT
280
281 # Bhutan
282 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
283 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
284 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
285 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
286
287 # British Indian Ocean Territory
288 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
289 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
290 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
291 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
292 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
293 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
294 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
295 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
296 6:00 - IOT
297
298 # Brunei
299 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
300 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
301 7:30 - BNT 1933
302 8:00 - BNT
303
304 # Burma / Myanmar
305 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
306 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
307 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
308 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
309 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
310 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
311
312 # Cambodia
313 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
314 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
315 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
316 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
317 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
318 7:00 - ICT
319
320 # China
321
322 # From Guy Harris:
323 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
324
325 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
326 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
327 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
328 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
329 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
330 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
331 #
332 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
333 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
334 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
335 #
336 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
337 # 1987 mid-April - ??
338
339 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
340 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
341 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
342
343 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
344 # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
345 # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
346 # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
347 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
348 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
349 # pre-1980 time zones.
350
351 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
352 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
353 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
354 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
355 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
356 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
357 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
358 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
359
360 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
361 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
362 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
363 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
364 #
365 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
366 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
367 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
368 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
369 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
370 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
371 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
372 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
373 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
374 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
375
376 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
377 # I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
378 # about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
379 # talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
380 # Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
381 # time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
382 # article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
383 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
384 #
385 # From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
386 # I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
387 # separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
388 # implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
389 # Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
390 # "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
391 # ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
392 #
393 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
394 # There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
395 # rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
396 # reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
397 # Shanks & Pottenger.
398
399 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
400 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
401 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
402 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
403 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
404 8:00 - CST 1940
405 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
406 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
407 8:00 PRC C%sT
408 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
409 # most of China
410 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
411 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
412 8:00 PRC C%sT
413 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
414 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
415 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
416 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
417 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
418 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
419 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
420 8:00 PRC C%sT
421 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
422 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
423 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
424 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
425 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
426 # east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
427 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
428 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
429 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
430 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
431 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
432 8:00 PRC C%sT
433 # Kunlun Time
434 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
435 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
436 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
437 # and Yarkand.
438
439 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
440 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
441 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
442 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
443 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
444 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
445 #
446 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
447 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
448 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
449 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
450 # local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
451 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
452 # "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
453 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
454 #
455 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
456 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
457 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
458 #
459 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
460 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
461 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
462 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
463 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
464 #
465 # ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
466 #
467 # The first few lines of the Google translation of
468 # <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39">
469 # http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
470 # </a>
471 # (retrieved 2009-10-13)
472 # > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
473 # > 500 million yuan
474 # >
475 # > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
476 # > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
477 # > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
478 # > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
479
480 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
481 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
482 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
483 #
484 # 1. Wulumuqi...
485 # 2. Kashi...
486 # 3. Urumqi...
487 # 4. Kashgar...
488 # ...
489 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
490 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
491 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
492 #
493 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
494 # start date for Xinjiang time.
495 #
496 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
497 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
498 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
499 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
500
501 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
502 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
503 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
504 8:00 PRC C%sT
505
506
507 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
508 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
509 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
510 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
511 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
512 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
513 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
514 # obtained from
515 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
516 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
517 # </a>.
518
519 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
520 # Here are the dates given at
521 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
522 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
523 # </a>
524 # as of 2009-10-28:
525 # Year Period
526 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
527 # 1942 Whole year
528 # 1943 Whole year
529 # 1944 Whole year
530 # 1945 Whole year
531 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
532 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
533 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
534 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
535 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
536 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
537 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
538 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
539 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
540 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
541 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
542 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
543 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
544 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
545 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
546 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
547 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
548 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
549 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
550 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
551 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
552 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
553 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
554 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
555 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
556 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
557 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
558 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
559 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
560 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
561 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
562 # 1977 Nil
563 # 1978 Nil
564 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
565 # 1980 to Now Nil
566 # The page does not give start or end times of day.
567 # The page does not give a start date for 1942.
568 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
569 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
570 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
571 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
572
573 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
574 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
575 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
576 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
577 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
578 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
579 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
580 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
581 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
582 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
583 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
584 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
585 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
586 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
587 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
588 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
589 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
590 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
591 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
592 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
593 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
594 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
595 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
596 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
597 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
598 8:00 HK HK%sT
599
600 ###############################################################################
601
602 # Taiwan
603
604 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
605 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
606 # have any other information.
607
608 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
609 # According to Taiwan's CWB,
610 # <a href="http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm">
611 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
612 # </a>
613 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
614
615 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07):
616 # Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page:
617 # Decade Name Start and end date
618 # Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time May 1 to September 30
619 # 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952) Daylight Saving Time March 1 to October 31
620 # Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to October 31
621 # In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
622 # Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959) Summer Time April 1 to September 30
623 # Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961) Summer Time June 1 to September 30
624 # Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time
625 # Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
626 # Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD) Stop Daylight Saving Time
627 # Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979) Daylight Saving Time July 1 to September 30
628 # Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980) Stop Daylight Saving Time
629
630 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
631 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
632 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
633 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
634 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
635 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
636 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
637 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
638 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
639 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
640 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
641 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
642
643 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
644 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
645 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
646
647 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
648 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
649 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
650 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
651 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
652 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
653 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
654 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
655 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
656 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
657 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
658 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
659 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
660 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
661 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
662 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
663 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
664 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
665 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
666 8:00 PRC C%sT
667
668
669 ###############################################################################
670
671 # Cyprus
672 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
673 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
674 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
675 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
676 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
677 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
678 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
679 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
680 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
681 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
682 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
683 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
684 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
685 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
686 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
687
688 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
689 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
690 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
691
692 # Georgia
693 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
694 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
695 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
696 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
697 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
698 #
699 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
700 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
701 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
702 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
703 #
704 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
705 #
706 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
707 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
708 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
709 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
710 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
711 # of integration into Europe.
712
713 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
714 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
715 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
716 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
717 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
718 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
719 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
720 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
721 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
722
723
724 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
725 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
726 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
727 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
728 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
729 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
730 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
731 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
732 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
733 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
734 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
735 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
736 4:00 - GET
737
738 # East Timor
739
740 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
741
742 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
743 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
744 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
745 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
746 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
747 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
748 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
749 # conflicts with their way of life.
750
751 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
752 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
753 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
754
755 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
756 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
757 # (2000-08-16)</a>:
758 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
759 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
760 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
761 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
762
763 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
764 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
765 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
766 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
767 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
768 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
769 9:00 - TLT
770
771 # India
772 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
773 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
774 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
775 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
776 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
777 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
778 5:30 - IST
779 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
780 # Andaman Is
781 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
782 # Nicobar Is
783
784 # Indonesia
785 #
786 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
787 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
788 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
789 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
790 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
791 #
792 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
793 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
794 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
795 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
796 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
797 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
798 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
799 # Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
800 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
801 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
802 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
803 # switched on 1945-09-23.
804 #
805 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
806 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
807 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
808 # but this must be a typo.
809 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
810 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
811 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
812 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
813 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
814 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
815 7:30 - WIT 1964
816 7:00 - WIT
817 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
818 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
819 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
820 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
821 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
822 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
823 7:30 - WIT 1964
824 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
825 7:00 - WIT
826 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
827 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
828 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
829 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
830 8:00 - CIT
831 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
832 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
833 9:30 - CST 1964
834 9:00 - EIT
835
836 # Iran
837
838 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
839 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
840 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
841 #
842 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
843 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
844 #
845 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
846 #
847 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
848 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
849 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
850 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
851 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
852 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
853 #
854 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
855 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
856 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
857 # Shahrivar.
858 #
859 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
860 #
861 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
862 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
863 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
864 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
865 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
866 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
867 #
868 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
869 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
870 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
871 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
872 # plan to change that law....
873 #
874 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
875 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
876 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
877 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
878 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
879 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
880 #
881 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
882 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
883 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
884 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
885 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
886 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
887 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
888 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
889 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
890 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
891 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
892 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
893 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
894 #
895 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
896 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
897 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
898 #
899 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
900 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
901 # daylight saving time ...
902 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
903 #
904 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
905 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
906 # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
907 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
908 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
909 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
910 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
911 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
912 #
913 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
914 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
915 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
916 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
917 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
918 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
919 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
920 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
921 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
922 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
923 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
924 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
925 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
926 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
927 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
928 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
929 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
930 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
931 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
932 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
933 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
934 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
935 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
936 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
937 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
938 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
939 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
940 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
941 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
942 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
943 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
944 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
945 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
946 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
947 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
948 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
949 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
950 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
951 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
952 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
953 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
954 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
955 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
956 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
957 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
958 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
959 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
960 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
961 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
962 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
963 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
964 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
965 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
966 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
967 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
968 3:30 Iran IR%sT
969
970
971 # Iraq
972 #
973 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
974 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
975 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
976 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
977 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
978 #
979 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
980 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
981 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
982 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
983 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
984 #
985 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
986
987 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
988 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
989 # news sources (in Arabic):
990 # <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
991 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
992 # </a>
993 # <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
994 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
995 # </a>
996 #
997 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
998 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
999 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1000 # </a>
1001
1002 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1003 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1004 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1005 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1006 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1007 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
1008 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
1009 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
1010 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1011 #
1012 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
1013 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
1014 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1015 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1016 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1017 3:00 - AST 1982 May
1018 3:00 Iraq A%sT
1019
1020
1021 ###############################################################################
1022
1023 # Israel
1024
1025 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1026 #
1027 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1028 # different abbreviations in use:
1029 #
1030 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
1031 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
1032 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
1033 #
1034 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1035 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1036 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1037 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1038 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1039 # settings in Israeli computers.
1040 #
1041 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1042 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1043 # family is from India).
1044
1045 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1046 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1047 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1048 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1049 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1050 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1051 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1052 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1053 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
1054 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1055 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
1056 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
1057 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1058 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1059 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1060 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
1061 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1062 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
1063 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
1064 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
1065 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
1066 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
1067 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
1068 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
1069 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
1070 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
1071 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
1072 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
1073 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
1074 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1075 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
1076 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
1077 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
1078 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
1079 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
1080 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1081 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
1082 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
1083 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
1084 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1085 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
1086 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1087
1088 # From Ephraim Silverberg
1089 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1090 # and 2005-02-17):
1091
1092 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1093 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1094 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1095 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1096 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1097 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1098 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1099 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1100 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1101 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1102 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1103 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1104 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1105 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1106 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1107 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1108 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1109 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1110 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1111 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1112 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1113 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1114
1115 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1116 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1117 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1118 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
1119 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
1120 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
1121 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
1122 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
1123 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1124 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1125 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1126
1127 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1128 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1129 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1130
1131 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1132 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1133 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1134 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1135 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1136
1137 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1138 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1139 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1140 #
1141 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1142 #
1143 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1144 #
1145 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1146 #
1147 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1148 #
1149 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
1150
1151 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1152 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
1153 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1154 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1155 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1156 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
1157 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1158 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
1159 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
1160
1161 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
1162 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
1163 # years 2001-2004 as well.
1164 #
1165 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
1166 #
1167 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
1168 #
1169 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
1170 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
1171 #
1172 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
1173
1174 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1175 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1176 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
1177 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
1178 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
1179 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
1180 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
1181 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
1182 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
1183 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
1184 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
1185
1186 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
1187 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
1188 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
1189 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
1190 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
1191 #
1192 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
1193 #
1194 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
1195
1196 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
1197 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
1198 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
1199 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
1200 # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
1201 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
1202 # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
1203 #
1204 # Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1205 #
1206 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
1207 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
1208 # springtime transitions explicitly.
1209
1210 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1211 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1212 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1213 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1214 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1215 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1216 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
1217 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1218 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1219 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1220 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1221 Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1222 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
1223
1224 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2012-10-18):
1225
1226 # Yesterday, the Interior Ministry Committee, after more than a year
1227 # past, approved sending the proposed June 2011 changes to the Time
1228 # Decree Law back to the Knesset for second and third (final) votes
1229 # before the upcoming elections on Jan. 22, 2013. Hence, although the
1230 # changes are not yet law, they are expected to be so before February 2013.
1231 #
1232 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday in March.
1233 # DST ends at 02:00 on the first Sunday after October 1, unless it occurs on the
1234 # second day of the Jewish Rosh Hashana holiday, in which case DST ends a day
1235 # later (i.e. at 02:00 the first Monday after October 2).
1236 # [Rosh Hashana holidays are factored in until 2100.]
1237
1238 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1239 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
1240 Rule Zion 2013 2026 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1241 Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct Mon>=3 2:00 0 S
1242 Rule Zion 2028 max - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1243 # The following rules are commented out for now, as they break older
1244 # versions of zic that support only signed 32-bit timestamps, i.e.,
1245 # through 2038-01-19 03:14:07 UTC.
1246 #Rule Zion 2028 2053 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1247 #Rule Zion 2054 only - Oct Mon>=3 2:00 0 S
1248 #Rule Zion 2055 2080 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1249 #Rule Zion 2081 only - Oct Mon>=3 2:00 0 S
1250 #Rule Zion 2082 max - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1251
1252 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1253 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
1254 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1255 2:00 Zion I%sT
1256
1257
1258
1259 ###############################################################################
1260
1261 # Japan
1262
1263 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
1264
1265 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1266 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1267 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
1268 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
1269
1270 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
1271 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
1272 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1273 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1274 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1275 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1276 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1277 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1278 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1279 # wanted to keep it.)
1280
1281 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1282 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1283 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1284 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1285 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1286 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1287 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1288 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1289 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1290 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1291 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1292
1293 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1294 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1295 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
1296 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1297 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1298 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1299 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1300
1301 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1302 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1303 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1304 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1305 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1306 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1307 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1308 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1309 # standard....
1310 #
1311 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1312 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1313
1314 # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1315 # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1316 # ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1317
1318 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1319 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1320 9:00 - JST 1896
1321 9:00 - CJT 1938
1322 9:00 Japan J%sT
1323 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1324
1325 # Jordan
1326 #
1327 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1328 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1329 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1330 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1331 # all year round.
1332 #
1333 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1334 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1335 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1336 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1337 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1338 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1339 #
1340 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1341 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1342 #
1343 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1344 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1345 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1346 #
1347 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1348 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1349 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1350 #
1351
1352 # From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02):
1353 # ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for
1354 # Jordan.
1355 # The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight
1356 # saving
1357 # time on the last Thursday in March.
1358 #
1359 # Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1360 #
1361 # However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan
1362 # going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002.
1363 # Please see
1364 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11">
1365 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11
1366 # </a>
1367
1368 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1369 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1370 # <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279">
1371 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1372 # </a>
1373 #
1374 # Google's translation:
1375 #
1376 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1377 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1378 # > of the month of March of each year.
1379 #
1380 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1381
1382 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1383 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1384
1385 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
1386 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
1387 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
1388 # until about the same time next year (at least).
1389 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
1390 #
1391 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-25):
1392 # For now, assume this is just a one-year measure. If it becomes
1393 # permanent, we should move Jordan from EET to AST effective tomorrow.
1394
1395 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1396 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1397 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1398 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1399 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1400 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1401 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1402 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1403 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1404 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1405 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1406 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1407 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1408 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1409 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1410 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1411 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1412 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1413 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1414 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1415 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1416 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1417 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1418 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1419 Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1420 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1421 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1422 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1423 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1424 Rule Jordan 2013 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1425 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1426 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1427 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1428
1429
1430 # Kazakhstan
1431
1432 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1433 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1434 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1435 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1436 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1437 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1438
1439 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1440 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1441 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1442 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1443 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1444 #
1445 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1446 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1447 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1448
1449 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1450 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1451 # </a>
1452 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1453 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1454 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1455 #
1456 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1457 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1458 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1459 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1460 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1461 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1462 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1463 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1464 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1465
1466 #
1467 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1468 #
1469 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1470 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1471 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1472 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1473 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1474 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1475 6:00 - ALMT
1476 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1477 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1478 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1479 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1480 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1481 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1482 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1483 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1484 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1485 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1486 6:00 - QYZT
1487 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1488 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1489 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1490 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1491 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1492 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1493 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1494 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1495 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1496 5:00 - AQTT
1497 # Mangghystau
1498 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1499 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1500 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1501 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1502 5:00 - FORT 1963
1503 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1504 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1505 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1506 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1507 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1508 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1509 5:00 - AQTT
1510 # West Kazakhstan
1511 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1512 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1513 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1514 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1515 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1516 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1517 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1518 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1519 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1520 5:00 - ORAT
1521
1522 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1523 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1524
1525 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1526 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1527 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1528 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1529 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1530 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1531 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1532 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1533
1534 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1535 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1536 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1537 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1538 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1539 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1540 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1541 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1542 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1543 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1544 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1545 6:00 - KGT
1546
1547 ###############################################################################
1548
1549 # Korea (North and South)
1550
1551 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1552 # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1553 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1554 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1555 # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1556 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1557
1558 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1559 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1560 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1561 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1562 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1563 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1564
1565 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1566 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1567 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1568 9:00 - KST 1928
1569 8:30 - KST 1932
1570 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1571 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1572 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1573 9:00 ROK K%sT
1574 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1575 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1576 9:00 - KST 1928
1577 8:30 - KST 1932
1578 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1579 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1580 9:00 - KST
1581
1582 ###############################################################################
1583
1584 # Kuwait
1585 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1586 # From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1587 # The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1588 # by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1589 # Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1590 # <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1591 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1592 # We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1593 # so for now we assume no DST.
1594 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1595 3:00 - AST
1596
1597 # Laos
1598 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1599 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1600 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1601 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1602 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1603 7:00 - ICT
1604
1605 # Lebanon
1606 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1607 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1608 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1609 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1610 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1611 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1612 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1613 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1614 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1615 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1616 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1617 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1618 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1619 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1620 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1621 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1622 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1623 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1624 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1625 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1626 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1627 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1628 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1629 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1630 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1631 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1632 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1633 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1634
1635 # Malaysia
1636 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1637 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1638 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1639 #
1640 # peninsular Malaysia
1641 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1642 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1643 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1644 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1645 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1646 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1647 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1648 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1649 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1650 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1651 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1652 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1653 # Sabah & Sarawak
1654 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1655 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1656 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1657 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1658 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1659 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1660 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1661 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1662 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1663 8:00 - MYT
1664
1665 # Maldives
1666 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1667 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1668 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1669 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1670
1671 # Mongolia
1672
1673 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1674 # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1675 # both say that it has just one.
1676
1677 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1678 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1679 # General Information Mongolia
1680 # </a> (1999-09)
1681 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1682 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1683 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1684 # eight hours."
1685
1686 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1687 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1688 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1689 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1690 # of implementation may have been different....
1691 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1692 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1693 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1694
1695 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1696 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1697 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1698 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1699 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1700 # is good enough for our purposes.
1701
1702 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1703 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1704 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1705 # there are three time zones.
1706 #
1707 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1708 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1709 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1710 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1711 #
1712 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1713
1714 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1715 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1716 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1717 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1718 #
1719 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1720 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1721 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1722
1723 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1724 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1725 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1726 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1727 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1728 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1729 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1730 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1731 # He also found
1732 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1733 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1734 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1735 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1736 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1737 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1738 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1739 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1740
1741 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1742 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1743 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1744 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1745
1746 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1747 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1748 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1749 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1750 # database on this, e.g.:
1751 #
1752 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1753 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1754 # </a>
1755 # <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1756 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1757 # </a>
1758 #
1759 # both say GMT+08:00.
1760
1761 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1762 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1763 # schedule here:
1764 # <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
1765 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1766 # </a>
1767 # (click the English flag for English)
1768 #
1769 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1770 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1771 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1772 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1773 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1774 # Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1775
1776 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1777 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1778 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1779 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1780 # this is almost surely wrong.
1781
1782 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1783 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1784 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1785 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1786 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1787 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1788 #
1789 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1790 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1791 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1792 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1793 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1794 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1795
1796 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1797 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1798 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1799 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1800 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1801 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1802
1803 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1804 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1805 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1806 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1807 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1808 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1809 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1810 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1811 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1812 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1813 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1814 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1815 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1816 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1817 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1818 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1819
1820 # Nepal
1821 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1822 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1823 5:30 - IST 1986
1824 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1825
1826 # Oman
1827 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1828 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1829 4:00 - GST
1830
1831 # Pakistan
1832
1833 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1834 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1835 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1836 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1837 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1838 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1839
1840 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1841 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1842 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1843 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1844 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1845 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1846 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1847 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1848 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1849 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1850 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1851
1852 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1853 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1854 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1855
1856 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1857 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1858 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1859 #
1860 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1861 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1862 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1863 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1864 #
1865 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1866 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1867
1868 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1869 #
1870 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1871 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1872 #
1873 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1874 # reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1875 # moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1876 # ...."
1877 #
1878 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1879 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1880 # </a>
1881 # OR
1882 # <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1883 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1884 # </a>
1885
1886 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1887 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1888
1889 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1890 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
1891 # for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
1892 # instead of August 31.
1893 #
1894 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
1895 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
1896 # </a>
1897 # OR
1898 # <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
1899 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
1900 # </a>
1901
1902 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
1903 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
1904 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
1905 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
1906 # official working."
1907 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280">
1908 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
1909 # </a>
1910 #
1911 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
1912 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
1913 #
1914 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
1915 # April 08, 2009
1916 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
1917 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1">
1918 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
1919 # </a>
1920 #
1921 # or
1922 #
1923 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html">
1924 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
1925 # </a>
1926 #
1927 # ....
1928 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
1929 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
1930 # conserve energy"
1931
1932 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
1933 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
1934 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
1935 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
1936 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
1937 # this regard."
1938 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168">
1939 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
1940 # </a>
1941
1942 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
1943 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1944 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1945 # 1, 2009.
1946 #
1947 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
1948 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2">
1949 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
1950 # </a>
1951 # or
1952 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm">
1953 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
1954 # </a>
1955
1956 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
1957 # Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
1958 # > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1959 # > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1960 # > 1, 2009.
1961 #
1962 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
1963 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742">
1964 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
1965 # </a>
1966 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
1967 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
1968 # Monday."
1969 #
1970 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
1971 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
1972 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
1973 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
1974 #
1975 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
1976 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
1977 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html">
1978 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
1979 # </a>
1980
1981 # From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
1982 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
1983 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
1984
1985 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
1986 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
1987 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
1988 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
1989 # >
1990 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
1991 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
1992 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
1993 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
1994 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
1995 #
1996 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
1997 # <a href="http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041">
1998 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
1999 # </a>
2000 #
2001 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
2002 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2">
2003 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
2004 # </a>
2005
2006 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2007 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
2008 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
2009 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2010 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2011 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
2012 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2013
2014 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2015 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
2016 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
2017 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
2018 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
2019 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
2020 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
2021
2022 # Palestine
2023
2024 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
2025 #
2026 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
2027 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
2028 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
2029 #
2030 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
2031 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
2032 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
2033 # though.
2034 #
2035 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
2036 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
2037 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
2038 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
2039 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
2040 # East Jerusalem.
2041 #
2042 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
2043 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
2044 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
2045 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
2046 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
2047 #
2048 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
2049 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
2050 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
2051 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
2052 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
2053 # Jordanian one).
2054 #
2055 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
2056 #
2057 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
2058 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
2059 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
2060 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
2061 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
2062 #
2063 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
2064 # have one).
2065
2066 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2067 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
2068 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
2069 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2070 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2071 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2072 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2073 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2074 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2075 # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
2076 # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
2077
2078 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2079 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2080 #
2081 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2082 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2083 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2084 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2085
2086 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2087 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
2088 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
2089 # Holiday havoc
2090 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2091 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2092 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2093 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2094 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2095
2096 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2097 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2098
2099 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2100 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2101 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2102 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2103 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
2104
2105 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2106 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2107 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2108 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
2109 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2110 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2111 # the West Bank.
2112
2113 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2114 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2115 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2116 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2117 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
2118 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2119 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2120 # because of the Ramadan.
2121
2122 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2123 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2124 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2125
2126 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2127 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2128 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2129 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2130 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2131 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2132
2133 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2134 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2135 #
2136 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2137 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2138 #
2139 # <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
2140 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2141 # </a>
2142 # <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
2143 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2144 # </a>
2145 # or
2146 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
2147 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2148 # </a>
2149
2150 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2151 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2152 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2153 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2154 #
2155 # (in Arabic)
2156 # <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850">
2157 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2158 # </a>
2159 #
2160 # or
2161 # (English translation)
2162 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html">
2163 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2164 # </a>
2165
2166 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2167 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2168 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2169 #
2170 # One news source:
2171 # <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158">
2172 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2173 # </a>
2174 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2175 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2176 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2177 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2178 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2179 #
2180 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2181 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
2182 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html">
2183 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2184 # </a>
2185
2186 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2187 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2188 #
2189 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2190 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2191 #
2192 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2193 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
2194 # <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2195 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2196 # </a>
2197 # or
2198 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html>
2199 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2200 # </a>
2201
2202 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
2203 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
2204 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
2205 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
2206 #
2207 # <a href="http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697">
2208 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
2209 # </a>
2210 # (in Arabic)
2211 # or
2212 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html">
2213 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
2214 # </a>
2215
2216 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
2217 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
2218 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
2219 # noon though:
2220 #
2221 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178">
2222 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
2223 # </a>
2224 # (Ma'an News Agency)
2225 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
2226 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
2227
2228 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
2229 # According to several sources, including
2230 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795">
2231 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
2232 # </a>
2233 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
2234 # Gaza and the West Bank.
2235 # Some more background info:
2236 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html">
2237 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
2238 # </a>
2239
2240 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
2241 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
2242 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
2243 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
2244 # Ramadan.
2245 #
2246 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217">
2247 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
2248 # </a>
2249 # Additional info:
2250 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html">
2251 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
2252 # </a>
2253
2254 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
2255 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
2256 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
2257 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
2258 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
2259 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
2260 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
2261 # ...
2262 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650">
2263 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
2264 # </a>
2265 # or
2266 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html">
2267 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
2268 # </a>
2269 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
2270
2271 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
2272 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
2273 # 00:00).
2274 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
2275 #
2276 # Many sources, including:
2277 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808">
2278 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
2279 # </a>
2280
2281 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2282 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
2283 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
2284 # Some of many sources in Arabic:
2285 # <a href="http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638">
2286 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
2287 # </a>
2288 #
2289 # <a href="http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html">
2290 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
2291 # </a>
2292 #
2293 # Our brief summary:
2294 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html">
2295 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
2296 # </a>
2297
2298 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2299 # The timeanddate article for 2012 says that "the end date has not yet been
2300 # announced" and that "Last year, both...paused daylight saving time during...
2301 # Ramadan. It is not yet known [for] 2012."
2302 # For now, assume both switch back on the last Friday in September. XXX
2303
2304 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2305 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2306 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2307 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2308 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2309 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2310 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2311
2312 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2313 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2314 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2315 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2316 Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2317 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2318 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2319 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 0:00 0 -
2320 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2321 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 -
2322 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar lastSat 0:01 1:00 S
2323 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2324
2325 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-09-20):
2326 # 2011 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2011-09-20.
2327 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-12):
2328 # 2012 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2012-10-12.
2329
2330 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2331 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2332 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2333 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2334 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2335 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2336 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 2 12:01
2337 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1
2338 2:00 - EET 2012 Mar 30
2339 2:00 1:00 EEST 2012 Sep 21 1:00
2340 2:00 - EET
2341
2342 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2343 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2344 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2345 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2346 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2347 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug
2348 2:00 1:00 EEST 2008 Sep
2349 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 1 12:01
2350 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1
2351 2:00 - EET 2011 Aug 30
2352 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Sep 30 3:00
2353 2:00 - EET 2012 Mar 30
2354 2:00 1:00 EEST 2012 Sep 21 1:00
2355 2:00 - EET
2356
2357 # Paracel Is
2358 # no information
2359
2360 # Philippines
2361 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
2362 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2363 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
2364 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
2365 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2366
2367 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2368 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
2369 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
2370 # rainy season begins. See
2371 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
2372 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
2373 #
2374 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2375 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2376 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2377 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2378 # but no details]
2379
2380 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2381 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2382 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2383 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2384 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2385 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2386 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2387 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2388 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2389 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2390 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2391 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
2392 8:00 Phil PH%sT
2393
2394 # Qatar
2395 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2396 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2397 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
2398 3:00 - AST
2399
2400 # Saudi Arabia
2401 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2402 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
2403 3:00 - AST
2404
2405 # Singapore
2406 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2407 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
2408 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2409 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2410 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2411 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2412 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2413 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2414 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2415 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2416 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2417 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2418 8:00 - SGT
2419
2420 # Spratly Is
2421 # no information
2422
2423 # Sri Lanka
2424 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2425 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2426 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
2427 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2428 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2429 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
2430 #
2431 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2432 # by Shamindra in
2433 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
2434 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
2435 # </a>:
2436 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2437 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2438
2439 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2440 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2441 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2442 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2443
2444 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2445 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
2446 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2447 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2448 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2449 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2450 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2451 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2452
2453 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
2454 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
2455 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
2456 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
2457 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
2458 #
2459 # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
2460 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
2461 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
2462 #
2463 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
2464 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
2465 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
2466 # item....
2467 #
2468 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
2469 # adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
2470 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
2471 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
2472 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
2473 #
2474 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
2475 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
2476 # all computers.
2477
2478 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2479 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
2480 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
2481
2482 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2483 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2484 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2485 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
2486 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
2487 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2488 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
2489 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2490 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2491 5:30 - IST
2492
2493 # Syria
2494 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2495 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2496 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2497 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2498 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2499 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2500 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2501 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2502 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2503 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2504 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2505 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2506 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2507 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2508 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2509 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2510 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2511 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2512 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
2513 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
2514 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2515 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2516 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
2517 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2518 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2519 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2520 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
2521 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2522 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2523 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2524 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2525 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2526 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2527 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2528 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2529 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2530 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2531 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2532 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2533 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2534 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2535 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2536 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2537 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2538 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2539 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2540 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2541 # From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
2542 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2543 # not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or
2544 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than
2545 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2546 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2547 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2548 #
2549 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2550 # Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
2551 #
2552 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2553 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2554 #
2555 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2556 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2557 #
2558 # which using Google's translate tools says:
2559 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2560 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2561 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2562 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2563
2564 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2565 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2566 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
2567 # are now using:
2568 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2569 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2570 # Variation
2571 # Syrian Arab
2572 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2573 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2574 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2575
2576 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2577 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2578 # Agency (SANA)...
2579 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
2580 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2581 # </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2582 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2583 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2584 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2585 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2586
2587 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2588 # My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2589 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2590 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2591 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2592
2593 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2594 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2595 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2596 #
2597 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2598 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2599 # clocks back 60 minutes).
2600 #
2601 # <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm">
2602 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2603 # </a>
2604
2605 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2606 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2607 # two examples:
2608 #
2609 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm">
2610 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2611 # </a>
2612 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2613 # <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209">
2614 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2615 # </a>
2616 # (Arabic, gov-site)
2617 #
2618 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2619 #
2620 # Our summary
2621 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html">
2622 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2623 # </a>
2624
2625 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2626 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2627 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2628 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2629 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm">
2630 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2631 # </a>
2632
2633 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2634 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2635 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2636 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2637
2638 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
2639 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
2640 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
2641 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
2642 # <a href="http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421">
2643 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
2644 # </a>
2645
2646 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2647 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
2648 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
2649 #
2650 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
2651 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm">
2652 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
2653 # </a>
2654 #
2655 # Our brief summary:
2656 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html">
2657 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
2658 # </a>
2659
2660 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2661 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
2662
2663 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2664 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2665 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2666 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2667 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2668 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2669
2670 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2671 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2672 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2673
2674 # Tajikistan
2675 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2676 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2677 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2678 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2679 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2680 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2681 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
2682
2683 # Thailand
2684 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2685 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2686 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2687 7:00 - ICT
2688
2689 # Turkmenistan
2690 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2691 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2692 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2693 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2694 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2695 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2696 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2697 5:00 - TMT
2698
2699 # United Arab Emirates
2700 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2701 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2702 4:00 - GST
2703
2704 # Uzbekistan
2705 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2706 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2707 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2708 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2709 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2710 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2711 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2712 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2713 5:00 - UZT
2714 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2715 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2716 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2717 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2718 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2719 5:00 - UZT
2720
2721 # Vietnam
2722
2723 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2724 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
2725 # we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2726
2727 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
2728 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2729 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
2730 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
2731 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
2732 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
2733 7:00 - ICT
2734
2735 # Yemen
2736 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2737 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
2738 3:00 - AST