1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # <pre> 25 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 26 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 27 28 # This file also includes Pacific islands. 29 30 # Notes are at the end of this file 31 32 ############################################################################### 33 34 # Australia 35 36 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 37 38 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 39 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 40 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 41 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 42 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 43 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 44 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 45 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 46 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 47 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 48 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 49 50 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 51 # Northern Territory 52 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 53 9:00 - CST 1899 May 54 9:30 Aus CST 55 # Western Australia 56 # 57 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 58 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 59 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 60 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 61 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 62 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 63 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 64 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 65 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 66 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 67 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 68 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 69 8:00 AW WST 70 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 71 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 72 8:45 AW CWST 73 74 # Queensland 75 # 76 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 77 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 78 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 79 # Queensland ceased to. 80 # 81 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 82 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 83 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 84 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 85 # so use Lindeman. 86 # 87 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 88 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 89 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 90 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 91 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 92 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 93 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 94 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 95 10:00 Aus EST 1971 96 10:00 AQ EST 97 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 98 10:00 Aus EST 1971 99 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 100 10:00 Holiday EST 101 102 # South Australia 103 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 104 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 105 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 106 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 107 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 108 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 109 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 110 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 111 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 112 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 113 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 114 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 115 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 116 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 117 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 118 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 119 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 120 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 121 9:00 - CST 1899 May 122 9:30 Aus CST 1971 123 9:30 AS CST 124 125 # Tasmania 126 # 127 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 128 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 129 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 130 # 131 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 132 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 133 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 134 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 135 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 136 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 137 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 138 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 139 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 140 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 141 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 142 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 143 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 144 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 145 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 146 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 147 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 148 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 149 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 150 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 151 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 152 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 153 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 154 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 155 10:00 Aus EST 1967 156 10:00 AT EST 157 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 158 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 159 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 160 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 161 10:00 AT EST 162 163 # Victoria 164 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 165 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 166 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 167 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 169 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 170 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 171 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 172 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 173 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 174 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 176 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 177 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 179 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 181 10:00 Aus EST 1971 182 10:00 AV EST 183 184 # New South Wales 185 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 186 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 187 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 188 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 189 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 190 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 191 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 192 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 193 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 194 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 195 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 196 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 197 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 198 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 199 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 200 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 201 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 202 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 203 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 204 10:00 Aus EST 1971 205 10:00 AN EST 206 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 207 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 208 9:00 - CST 1899 May 209 9:30 Aus CST 1971 210 9:30 AN CST 2000 211 9:30 AS CST 212 213 # Lord Howe Island 214 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 215 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 216 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 217 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 218 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 219 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 220 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 221 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 222 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 223 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 224 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 225 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 226 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 227 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 228 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 229 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 230 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 231 10:30 LH LHST 232 233 # Australian miscellany 234 # 235 # Ashmore Is, Cartier 236 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 237 # no times are set 238 # 239 # Coral Sea Is 240 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 241 # no times are set 242 # 243 # Macquarie 244 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 245 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 246 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 247 # <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828> 248 # <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831>. 249 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 250 # 251 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 252 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 253 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 254 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 255 # on 4 April. 256 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 257 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 258 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 259 10:00 Aus EST 1919 Apr 260 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 261 10:00 Aus EST 1967 262 10:00 AT EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00 263 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 264 265 # Christmas 266 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 267 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 268 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 269 270 # Cook Is 271 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 272 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 273 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 274 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 275 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 276 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 277 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 278 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 279 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 280 281 # Cocos 282 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 283 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 284 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 285 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 286 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 287 288 # Fiji 289 290 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 291 292 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 293 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 294 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 295 # 296 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" 297 # <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 298 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 299 # </a> 300 # or 301 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 302 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 303 # </a> 304 305 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 306 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 307 # amendments: 308 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 309 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 310 # </a> 311 312 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 313 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 314 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 315 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 316 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 317 # 318 # Official source: 319 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 320 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 321 # </a> 322 # 323 # A bit more background info here: 324 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 325 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 326 # </a> 327 328 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 329 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 330 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 331 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 332 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 333 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 334 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 335 # </a> 336 # or 337 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 338 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 339 # </a> 340 341 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 342 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 343 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 344 # 345 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 346 # www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 347 # </a> 348 # which says 349 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 350 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 351 # 2am on February 26 next year. 352 353 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 354 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 355 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 356 # 357 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 358 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 359 # </a> 360 # states: 361 # 362 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 363 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 364 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 365 # on the 23rd of October, 2011. 366 367 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 368 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 369 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 370 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 371 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 372 # 373 # From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31): 374 # For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January. 375 376 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 377 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 378 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 379 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 380 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 381 Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 S 382 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 383 Rule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 384 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 385 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 386 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 387 388 # French Polynesia 389 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 390 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 391 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 392 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 393 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 394 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 395 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 396 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 397 # it is uninhabited. 398 399 # Guam 400 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 401 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 402 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 403 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 404 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 405 406 # Kiribati 407 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 408 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 409 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 410 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 411 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 412 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 413 13:00 - PHOT 414 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 415 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 416 -10:00 - LINT 1995 417 14:00 - LINT 418 419 # N Mariana Is 420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 421 Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 422 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 423 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 424 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 425 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 426 427 # Marshall Is 428 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 429 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 430 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 431 12:00 - MHT 432 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 433 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 434 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 435 12:00 - MHT 436 437 # Micronesia 438 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 439 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 440 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 441 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 442 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 443 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 444 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 445 12:00 - KOST 1999 446 11:00 - KOST 447 448 # Nauru 449 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 450 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 451 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 452 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 453 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 454 12:00 - NRT 455 456 # New Caledonia 457 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 458 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 459 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 460 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 461 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 462 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 463 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 464 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 465 11:00 NC NC%sT 466 467 468 ############################################################################### 469 470 # New Zealand 471 472 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 473 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 474 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 475 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 476 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 477 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 478 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 479 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 480 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 481 # convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 482 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 483 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 484 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 485 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 486 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 487 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 488 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 489 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 490 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 491 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 492 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 493 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 494 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 495 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 496 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 497 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 498 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 499 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 500 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 501 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 502 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 503 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 504 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 505 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 506 507 508 # Auckland Is 509 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 510 # and scientific personnel have wintered 511 512 # Campbell I 513 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 514 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; 515 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 516 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland 517 518 ############################################################################### 519 520 521 # Niue 522 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 523 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 524 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 525 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 526 -11:00 - NUT 527 528 # Norfolk 529 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 530 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 531 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 532 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 533 534 # Palau (Belau) 535 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 536 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 537 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 538 539 # Papua New Guinea 540 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 541 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 542 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 543 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 544 545 # Pitcairn 546 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 547 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 548 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 549 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 550 551 # American Samoa 552 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 553 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 554 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 555 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 556 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 557 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 558 559 # Samoa 560 561 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 562 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 563 # the following info: 564 # 565 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 566 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 567 # Sunday of April 2011." 568 # 569 # Background info: 570 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 571 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 572 # </a> 573 # 574 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 575 # contain any dates: 576 # <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 577 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 578 # </a> 579 580 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 581 # Please see 582 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 583 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws 584 # </a>, 585 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 586 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 587 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 588 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 589 590 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 591 # I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 592 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 593 # www.mcil.gov.ws 594 # </a> 595 # 596 # PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 597 # 598 # Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 599 # businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 600 # saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 601 # 602 # The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 603 # the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 604 # then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 605 # adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 606 # 607 # Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 608 # INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 609 610 # From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 611 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 612 # 613 # <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 614 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 615 # </a> 616 617 # From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 618 # I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 619 # Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 620 # confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 621 # than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 622 # the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 623 # changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 624 # 625 # International Date Line Bill 2011 626 # 627 # AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 628 # consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 629 # Line, and for related purposes. 630 # 631 # BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 632 # assembled as follows: 633 # 634 # 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 635 # International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 636 # commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 637 # Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 638 # 639 # [snip] 640 # 641 # 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 642 # other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 643 # time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 644 # 645 # 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 646 # standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 647 # Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 648 # time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 649 # instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 650 # Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 651 # Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 652 # it defines Samoa standard time.... 653 654 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 655 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 656 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 657 # </a> 658 # 659 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 660 # 661 # DST 662 # Year End Time Start Time 663 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 664 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 665 # 666 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 667 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 668 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 669 # 670 # Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): 671 # Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 672 # seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on 673 # a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. 674 # 675 # From Nicky (2012-09-10): 676 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 677 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013. 678 # 679 # Please find link below for more information. 680 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 681 # 682 # That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well 683 # which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the 684 # future, so for now, we will guess this will continue. 685 686 # Western Samoa 687 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 688 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 689 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 690 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 691 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 692 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 693 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 694 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 695 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 696 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 697 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 698 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00 699 13:00 WS WS%sT 700 701 # Solomon Is 702 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 703 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 704 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 705 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 706 707 # Tokelau Is 708 # 709 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 710 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 711 # December 31 this year ... 712 # 713 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 714 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 715 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 716 # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 717 # actually was to UTC-11 back then. 718 # 719 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 720 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 721 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 722 # <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 723 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 724 # are off by an hour starting in 1901. 725 726 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 727 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 728 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 729 13:00 - TKT 730 731 # Tonga 732 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 733 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 734 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 735 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 736 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 737 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 738 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 739 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 740 13:00 - TOT 1999 741 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 742 743 # Tuvalu 744 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 745 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 746 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 747 748 749 # US minor outlying islands 750 751 # Howland, Baker 752 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 753 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 754 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 755 # uninhabited thereafter. 756 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 757 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 758 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 759 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 760 # until they were abandoned after the war. 761 762 # Jarvis 763 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 764 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 765 # uninhabited thereafter. 766 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 767 768 # Johnston 769 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 770 Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 771 772 # Kingman 773 # uninhabited 774 775 # Midway 776 # 777 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 778 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 779 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 780 # reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 781 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 782 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 783 # designations that I've never seen before:.... 784 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 785 # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 786 # 787 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 788 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 789 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 790 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 791 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 792 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 793 794 # Palmyra 795 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 796 797 # Wake 798 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 799 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 800 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 801 802 803 # Vanuatu 804 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 805 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 806 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 807 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 808 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 809 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 810 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 811 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 812 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 813 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 814 815 # Wallis and Futuna 816 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 817 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 818 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 819 820 ############################################################################### 821 822 # NOTES 823 824 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 825 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 826 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 827 828 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 829 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 830 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 831 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 832 # 833 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 834 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 835 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 836 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 837 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 838 # 839 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 840 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 841 # 842 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 843 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 844 # I found in the UCLA library. 845 # 846 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 847 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 848 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 849 # 850 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 851 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 852 # 853 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 854 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 855 # Corrections are welcome! 856 # std dst 857 # LMT Local Mean Time 858 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 859 # 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 860 # 9:00 JST Japan 861 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 862 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 863 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro 864 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 865 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 866 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 867 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 868 # -11:00 SST Samoa 869 # -10:00 HST Hawaii 870 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 871 # 872 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 873 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 874 875 ############################################################################### 876 877 # Australia 878 879 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 880 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 881 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 882 # </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 883 884 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 885 # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 886 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 887 # </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 888 889 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 890 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 891 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 892 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 893 # abbreviation does _not_ change... 894 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 895 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 896 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 897 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 898 # time'. 899 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 900 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 901 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 902 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 903 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 904 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 905 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 906 907 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 908 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 909 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 910 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 911 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 912 913 # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 914 # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 915 # <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 916 # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 917 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 918 919 # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 920 # versus "AEST" etc.: 921 # 922 # I see the following points of dispute: 923 # 924 # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 925 # 926 # Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 927 # Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 928 # operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 929 # (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 930 # Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 931 # In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 932 # abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 933 # think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 934 # 935 # On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 936 # abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 937 # particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 938 # time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 939 # 940 # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 941 # 942 # Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 943 # many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 944 # which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 945 # Time, for example. 946 # 947 # Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 948 # refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 949 # tiebreaker. 950 # 951 # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 952 # Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 953 # the word "Australian"? 954 # 955 # My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 956 # common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 957 # popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 958 # often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 959 # following count of page hits: 960 # 961 # 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 962 # 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 963 # 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 964 # 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 965 # 966 # Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 967 # particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 968 # say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 969 # Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 970 # 971 # For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 972 # ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 973 # many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 974 # are the hit counts anyway: 975 # 976 # 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 977 # 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 978 # 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 979 # 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 980 # 981 # 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 982 # 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 983 # 176 "ACST" and domain:au 984 # 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 985 # 986 # 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 987 # 68 "AWST" and domain:au 988 # 989 # This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 990 # practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 991 # the ambiguities involved. 992 # 993 # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 994 # 995 # If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 996 # against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 997 # saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 998 # understood in Australia. 999 1000 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1001 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1002 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1003 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1004 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1005 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 1006 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1007 1008 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1009 # 1010 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1011 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1012 # relevant entries in this database. 1013 # 1014 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1015 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 1016 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1017 # </a> 1018 # ACT 1019 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 1020 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1021 # </a> 1022 # SA 1023 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 1024 # Standard Time Act, 1898 1025 # </a> 1026 1027 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1028 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1029 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1030 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1031 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1032 # 1033 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1034 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1035 # to extend DST together in 2006. 1036 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1037 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1038 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1039 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1040 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1041 # allude to it. 1042 # But not Queensland 1043 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 1044 1045 # Northern Territory 1046 1047 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1048 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1049 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1050 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1051 # ... 1052 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1053 1054 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1055 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1056 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1057 1058 # Western Australia 1059 1060 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1061 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1062 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1063 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1064 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1065 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1066 # # before reaching parliament. 1067 # ... 1068 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1069 # ... 1070 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1071 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1072 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1073 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1074 1075 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1076 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1077 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1078 1079 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1080 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1081 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1082 # work at 9.00am.) 1083 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1084 # everybody again. 1085 1086 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1087 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1088 # it matches what was used in the past. 1089 1090 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 1091 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1092 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1093 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1094 1095 # Queensland 1096 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1097 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1098 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1099 # ... 1100 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1101 # ... 1102 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1103 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1104 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1105 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1106 1107 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1108 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1109 # October 1989). 1110 1111 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1112 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1113 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1114 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1115 1116 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1117 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1118 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1119 # me.) 1120 1121 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1122 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1123 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1124 # ... 1125 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1126 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1127 # ... 1128 1129 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1130 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1131 1132 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1133 # from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1134 # WA are trialing DST for three years. 1135 # <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1136 1137 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1138 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1139 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1140 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1141 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1142 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1143 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1144 # Australia and Western Australia.... 1145 # 1146 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1147 # This is confirmed by the section entitled 1148 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1149 # <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1150 # 1151 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1152 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1153 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1154 # coast of the continent. 1155 # 1156 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1157 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1158 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1159 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1160 # the largest population centre in this zone.... 1161 # 1162 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1163 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1164 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1165 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1166 # 1167 # (2006-12-09): 1168 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1169 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1170 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1171 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1172 1173 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1174 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1175 # introduction of standard time in 1895. 1176 1177 1178 # southeast Australia 1179 # 1180 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1181 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1182 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1183 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1184 1185 1186 # South Australia 1187 1188 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1189 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1190 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1191 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1192 1193 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1194 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1195 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1196 # ... 1197 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1198 # ... 1199 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1200 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1201 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1202 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1203 1204 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1205 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1206 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1207 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1208 1209 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1210 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1211 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1212 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1213 # is on... 1214 1215 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1216 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1217 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1218 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1219 1220 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1221 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1222 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1223 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1224 1225 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1226 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1227 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1228 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1229 1230 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1231 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1232 1233 # Tasmania 1234 1235 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1236 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1237 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1238 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1239 1240 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1241 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1242 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1243 # (but nothing new about that). 1244 1245 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1246 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1247 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1248 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1249 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1250 # instead of the first Sunday in October. 1251 1252 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1253 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1254 1255 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1256 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1257 1258 # Victoria 1259 1260 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1261 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1262 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1263 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1264 1265 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1266 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1267 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1268 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1269 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1270 # in Melbourne, Australia. 1271 # 1272 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1273 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1274 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1275 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1276 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1277 # expected time. 1278 # 1279 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1280 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1281 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1282 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1283 # 1284 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1285 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1286 1287 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1288 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1289 1290 # New South Wales 1291 1292 # From Arthur David Olson: 1293 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1294 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1295 # who notes: 1296 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1297 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1298 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1299 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1300 # legislation. This is very important to understand. 1301 # I have researched New South Wales time only... 1302 1303 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1304 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1305 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1306 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1307 # Two months more daylight saving 1308 # </a> 1309 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1310 1311 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1312 # See the following official NSW source: 1313 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1314 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1315 # </a> 1316 # 1317 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1318 # daylight saving next year. See: 1319 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1320 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1321 # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1322 # 1323 # Victoria will following NSW. See: 1324 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1325 # Vic to extend daylight saving 1326 # </a> (1999-07-28). 1327 # 1328 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1329 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1330 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1331 # </a> (1999-07-19). 1332 # 1333 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1334 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1335 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1336 # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1337 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1338 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1339 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1340 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1341 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1342 # 1343 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1344 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1345 # Broken Hill to be behind the times 1346 # </a> (1999-07-21). 1347 1348 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1349 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1350 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1351 1352 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1353 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1354 # towns to use Queensland time. 1355 1356 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1357 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1358 1359 # Yancowinna 1360 1361 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1362 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1363 1364 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1365 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1366 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1367 # ... 1368 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1369 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1370 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1371 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1372 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1373 # # presently available. 1374 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1375 # ... 1376 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1377 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1378 # [followed by other Rules] 1379 1380 # Lord Howe Island 1381 1382 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1383 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1384 # [ Dec 1990 ] 1385 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1386 # hour ahead of NSW time. 1387 1388 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1389 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1390 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1391 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1392 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1393 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1394 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1395 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1396 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1397 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1398 1399 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1400 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1401 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1402 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1403 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1404 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1405 1406 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1407 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1408 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1409 1410 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1411 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1412 1413 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1414 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1415 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1416 # summer (southern hemisphere). 1417 # 1418 # From 1419 # <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1420 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1421 # </a> 1422 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1423 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1424 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1425 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1426 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1427 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1428 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1429 # 1430 # We have a wrap-up here: 1431 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1432 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1433 # </a> 1434 ############################################################################### 1435 1436 # New Zealand 1437 1438 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1439 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1440 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1441 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1442 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1443 1444 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1445 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1446 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1447 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1448 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1449 # ... 1450 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1451 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1452 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1453 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1454 # ... 1455 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1456 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1457 1458 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1459 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1460 # rather than the October 1 value. 1461 1462 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1463 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1464 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1465 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1466 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1467 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1468 # 1469 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1470 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1471 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1472 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1473 # 1474 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1475 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1476 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1477 1478 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1479 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1480 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1481 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1482 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1483 1484 ############################################################################### 1485 1486 1487 # Fiji 1488 1489 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1490 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1491 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1492 1493 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1494 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1495 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1496 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1497 1498 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1499 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1500 1501 # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1502 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1503 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1504 # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1505 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1506 # millenium. 1507 1508 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1509 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1510 1511 # Johnston 1512 1513 # Johnston data is from usno1995. 1514 1515 1516 # Kiribati 1517 1518 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1519 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1520 # ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1521 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1522 1523 1524 # Kwajalein 1525 1526 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1527 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1528 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1529 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1530 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1531 1532 1533 # N Mariana Is, Guam 1534 1535 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1536 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1537 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1538 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1539 # see Asia/Manila. 1540 1541 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1542 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1543 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1544 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1545 1546 1547 # Micronesia 1548 1549 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1550 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1551 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1552 # 1553 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1554 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1555 1556 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1557 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1558 # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1559 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1560 # </a> (1999-01-26) 1561 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1562 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1563 1564 1565 # Midway 1566 1567 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1568 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1569 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1570 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1571 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1572 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1573 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1574 # air at 6am your time. 1575 # 1576 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1577 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1578 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1579 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1580 1581 1582 # Pitcairn 1583 1584 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1585 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1586 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1587 # 1588 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1589 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1590 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1591 # 1592 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1593 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1594 # somehow in light of this proclamation. 1595 1596 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1597 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1598 # ... at midnight. 1599 1600 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1601 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1602 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1603 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1604 1605 1606 # Samoa 1607 1608 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1609 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1610 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1611 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1612 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1613 1614 1615 # Tonga 1616 1617 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1618 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1619 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1620 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1621 1622 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1623 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1624 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1625 # </a>: 1626 1627 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1628 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1629 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1630 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1631 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1632 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1633 # 1634 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1635 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1636 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1637 # 1638 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1639 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1640 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1641 # minutes we have lost?" 1642 # 1643 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1644 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1645 # to say your prayers in the morning." 1646 1647 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1648 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1649 1650 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1651 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1652 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1653 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1654 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1655 # Government. 1656 1657 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1658 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1659 # 1660 # I was given this link by John Letts: 1661 # <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1662 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1663 # </a> 1664 # 1665 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1666 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1667 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1668 # (12 + 1 hour DST). 1669 1670 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1671 # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1672 # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1673 # </a>: 1674 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1675 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1676 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1677 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1678 # set back an hour on the closing date." 1679 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1680 1681 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1682 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1683 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1684 1685 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1686 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1687 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1688 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1689 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1690 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1691 # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1692 1693 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1694 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1695 1696 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1697 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1698 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1699 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1700 # hour to 1:00am. 1701 1702 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1703 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1704 1705 1706 # Wake 1707 1708 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1709 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1710 # 1711 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1712 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1713 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1714 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1715 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1716 # impossible. 1717 # 1718 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1719 1720 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1721 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1722 1723 ############################################################################### 1724 1725 # The International Date Line 1726 1727 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1728 # 1729 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1730 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1731 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1732 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1733 # 1734 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1735 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1736 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1737 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1738 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1739 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1740 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1741 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1742 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1743 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1744 # correct date is ambiguous. 1745 1746 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1747 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1748 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1749 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1750 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1751 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1752 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1753 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1754 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1755 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1756 # entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1757 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1758 # independent merchant ships until World War II. 1759 1760 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1761 # (2005-03-20): 1762 # 1763 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1764 # <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1765 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1766 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.