1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1994, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4 *
5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7 * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
8 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
9 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
10 *
11 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
13 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
14 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
15 * accompanied this code).
16 *
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
18 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
19 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
20 *
21 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
22 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
23 * questions.
24 */
25
26 package java.io;
27
28 import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
29 import sun.nio.ch.FileChannelImpl;
30
31
32 /**
33 * A <code>FileInputStream</code> obtains input bytes
34 * from a file in a file system. What files
35 * are available depends on the host environment.
36 *
37 * <p><code>FileInputStream</code> is meant for reading streams of raw bytes
38 * such as image data. For reading streams of characters, consider using
39 * <code>FileReader</code>.
40 *
41 * @author Arthur van Hoff
42 * @see java.io.File
43 * @see java.io.FileDescriptor
44 * @see java.io.FileOutputStream
45 * @see java.nio.file.Files#newInputStream
46 * @since JDK1.0
47 */
48 public
49 class FileInputStream extends InputStream
50 {
51 /* File Descriptor - handle to the open file */
52 private final FileDescriptor fd;
53
54 private FileChannel channel = null;
55
56 private final Object closeLock = new Object();
57 private volatile boolean closed = false;
58
59 /**
60 * Creates a <code>FileInputStream</code> by
61 * opening a connection to an actual file,
62 * the file named by the path name <code>name</code>
63 * in the file system. A new <code>FileDescriptor</code>
64 * object is created to represent this file
65 * connection.
66 * <p>
67 * First, if there is a security
68 * manager, its <code>checkRead</code> method
69 * is called with the <code>name</code> argument
70 * as its argument.
71 * <p>
72 * If the named file does not exist, is a directory rather than a regular
73 * file, or for some other reason cannot be opened for reading then a
74 * <code>FileNotFoundException</code> is thrown.
75 *
76 * @param name the system-dependent file name.
77 * @exception FileNotFoundException if the file does not exist,
78 * is a directory rather than a regular file,
79 * or for some other reason cannot be opened for
80 * reading.
81 * @exception SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
82 * <code>checkRead</code> method denies read access
83 * to the file.
84 * @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)
85 */
86 public FileInputStream(String name) throws FileNotFoundException {
87 this(name != null ? new File(name) : null);
88 }
89
90 /**
91 * Creates a <code>FileInputStream</code> by
92 * opening a connection to an actual file,
93 * the file named by the <code>File</code>
94 * object <code>file</code> in the file system.
95 * A new <code>FileDescriptor</code> object
96 * is created to represent this file connection.
97 * <p>
98 * First, if there is a security manager,
99 * its <code>checkRead</code> method is called
100 * with the path represented by the <code>file</code>
101 * argument as its argument.
102 * <p>
103 * If the named file does not exist, is a directory rather than a regular
104 * file, or for some other reason cannot be opened for reading then a
105 * <code>FileNotFoundException</code> is thrown.
106 *
107 * @param file the file to be opened for reading.
108 * @exception FileNotFoundException if the file does not exist,
109 * is a directory rather than a regular file,
110 * or for some other reason cannot be opened for
111 * reading.
112 * @exception SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
113 * <code>checkRead</code> method denies read access to the file.
114 * @see java.io.File#getPath()
115 * @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)
116 */
117 public FileInputStream(File file) throws FileNotFoundException {
118 String name = (file != null ? file.getPath() : null);
119 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
120 if (security != null) {
121 security.checkRead(name);
122 }
123 if (name == null) {
124 throw new NullPointerException();
125 }
126 fd = new FileDescriptor();
127 fd.attach(this);
128 open(name);
129 }
130
131 /**
132 * Creates a <code>FileInputStream</code> by using the file descriptor
133 * <code>fdObj</code>, which represents an existing connection to an
134 * actual file in the file system.
135 * <p>
136 * If there is a security manager, its <code>checkRead</code> method is
137 * called with the file descriptor <code>fdObj</code> as its argument to
138 * see if it's ok to read the file descriptor. If read access is denied
139 * to the file descriptor a <code>SecurityException</code> is thrown.
140 * <p>
141 * If <code>fdObj</code> is null then a <code>NullPointerException</code>
142 * is thrown.
143 * <p>
144 * This constructor does not throw an exception if <code>fdObj</code>
145 * is {@link java.io.FileDescriptor#valid() invalid}.
146 * However, if the methods are invoked on the resulting stream to attempt
147 * I/O on the stream, an <code>IOException</code> is thrown.
148 *
149 * @param fdObj the file descriptor to be opened for reading.
150 * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
151 * <code>checkRead</code> method denies read access to the
152 * file descriptor.
153 * @see SecurityManager#checkRead(java.io.FileDescriptor)
154 */
155 public FileInputStream(FileDescriptor fdObj) {
156 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
157 if (fdObj == null) {
158 throw new NullPointerException();
159 }
160 if (security != null) {
161 security.checkRead(fdObj);
162 }
163 fd = fdObj;
164
165 /*
166 * FileDescriptor is being shared by streams.
167 * Register this stream with FileDescriptor tracker.
168 */
169 fd.attach(this);
170 }
171
172 /**
173 * Opens the specified file for reading.
174 * @param name the name of the file
175 */
176 private native void open(String name) throws FileNotFoundException;
177
178 /**
179 * Reads a byte of data from this input stream. This method blocks
180 * if no input is yet available.
181 *
182 * @return the next byte of data, or <code>-1</code> if the end of the
183 * file is reached.
184 * @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs.
185 */
186 public native int read() throws IOException;
187
188 /**
189 * Reads a subarray as a sequence of bytes.
190 * @param b the data to be written
191 * @param off the start offset in the data
192 * @param len the number of bytes that are written
193 * @exception IOException If an I/O error has occurred.
194 */
195 private native int readBytes(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException;
196
197 /**
198 * Reads up to <code>b.length</code> bytes of data from this input
199 * stream into an array of bytes. This method blocks until some input
200 * is available.
201 *
202 * @param b the buffer into which the data is read.
203 * @return the total number of bytes read into the buffer, or
204 * <code>-1</code> if there is no more data because the end of
205 * the file has been reached.
206 * @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs.
207 */
208 public int read(byte b[]) throws IOException {
209 return readBytes(b, 0, b.length);
210 }
211
212 /**
213 * Reads up to <code>len</code> bytes of data from this input stream
214 * into an array of bytes. If <code>len</code> is not zero, the method
215 * blocks until some input is available; otherwise, no
216 * bytes are read and <code>0</code> is returned.
217 *
218 * @param b the buffer into which the data is read.
219 * @param off the start offset in the destination array <code>b</code>
220 * @param len the maximum number of bytes read.
221 * @return the total number of bytes read into the buffer, or
222 * <code>-1</code> if there is no more data because the end of
223 * the file has been reached.
224 * @exception NullPointerException If <code>b</code> is <code>null</code>.
225 * @exception IndexOutOfBoundsException If <code>off</code> is negative,
226 * <code>len</code> is negative, or <code>len</code> is greater than
227 * <code>b.length - off</code>
228 * @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs.
229 */
230 public int read(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
231 return readBytes(b, off, len);
232 }
233
234 /**
235 * Skips over and discards <code>n</code> bytes of data from the
236 * input stream.
237 *
238 * <p>The <code>skip</code> method may, for a variety of
239 * reasons, end up skipping over some smaller number of bytes,
240 * possibly <code>0</code>. If <code>n</code> is negative, an
241 * <code>IOException</code> is thrown, even though the <code>skip</code>
242 * method of the {@link InputStream} superclass does nothing in this case.
243 * The actual number of bytes skipped is returned.
244 *
245 * <p>This method may skip more bytes than are remaining in the backing
246 * file. This produces no exception and the number of bytes skipped
247 * may include some number of bytes that were beyond the EOF of the
248 * backing file. Attempting to read from the stream after skipping past
249 * the end will result in -1 indicating the end of the file.
250 *
251 * @param n the number of bytes to be skipped.
252 * @return the actual number of bytes skipped.
253 * @exception IOException if n is negative, if the stream does not
254 * support seek, or if an I/O error occurs.
255 */
256 public native long skip(long n) throws IOException;
257
258 /**
259 * Returns an estimate of the number of remaining bytes that can be read (or
260 * skipped over) from this input stream without blocking by the next
261 * invocation of a method for this input stream. The next invocation might be
262 * the same thread or another thread. A single read or skip of this
263 * many bytes will not block, but may read or skip fewer bytes.
264 *
265 * <p> In some cases, a non-blocking read (or skip) may appear to be
266 * blocked when it is merely slow, for example when reading large
267 * files over slow networks.
268 *
269 * @return an estimate of the number of remaining bytes that can be read
270 * (or skipped over) from this input stream without blocking.
271 * @exception IOException if this file input stream has been closed by calling
272 * {@code close} or an I/O error occurs.
273 */
274 public native int available() throws IOException;
275
276 /**
277 * Closes this file input stream and releases any system resources
278 * associated with the stream.
279 *
280 * <p> If this stream has an associated channel then the channel is closed
281 * as well.
282 *
283 * @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs.
284 *
285 * @revised 1.4
286 * @spec JSR-51
287 */
288 public void close() throws IOException {
289 synchronized (closeLock) {
290 if (closed) {
291 return;
292 }
293 closed = true;
294 }
295 if (channel != null) {
296 channel.close();
297 }
298
299 fd.closeAll(new Closeable() {
300 public void close() throws IOException {
301 close0();
302 }
303 });
304 }
305
306 /**
307 * Returns the <code>FileDescriptor</code>
308 * object that represents the connection to
309 * the actual file in the file system being
310 * used by this <code>FileInputStream</code>.
311 *
312 * @return the file descriptor object associated with this stream.
313 * @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs.
314 * @see java.io.FileDescriptor
315 */
316 public final FileDescriptor getFD() throws IOException {
317 if (fd != null) {
318 return fd;
319 }
320 throw new IOException();
321 }
322
323 /**
324 * Returns the unique {@link java.nio.channels.FileChannel FileChannel}
325 * object associated with this file input stream.
326 *
327 * <p> The initial {@link java.nio.channels.FileChannel#position()
328 * </code>position<code>} of the returned channel will be equal to the
329 * number of bytes read from the file so far. Reading bytes from this
330 * stream will increment the channel's position. Changing the channel's
331 * position, either explicitly or by reading, will change this stream's
332 * file position.
333 *
334 * @return the file channel associated with this file input stream
335 *
336 * @since 1.4
337 * @spec JSR-51
338 */
339 public FileChannel getChannel() {
340 synchronized (this) {
341 if (channel == null) {
342 channel = FileChannelImpl.open(fd, true, false, this);
343 }
344 return channel;
345 }
346 }
347
348 private static native void initIDs();
349
350 private native void close0() throws IOException;
351
352 static {
353 initIDs();
354 }
355
356 /**
357 * Ensures that the <code>close</code> method of this file input stream is
358 * called when there are no more references to it.
359 *
360 * @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs.
361 * @see java.io.FileInputStream#close()
362 */
363 protected void finalize() throws IOException {
364 if ((fd != null) && (fd != FileDescriptor.in)) {
365 /* if fd is shared, the references in FileDescriptor
366 * will ensure that finalizer is only called when
367 * safe to do so. All references using the fd have
368 * become unreachable. We can call close()
369 */
370 close();
371 }
372 }
373 }