1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2001, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package com.sun.java.util.jar.pack;
  27 
  28 import java.util.AbstractList;
  29 import java.util.ArrayList;
  30 import java.util.Arrays;
  31 import java.util.Collection;
  32 import java.util.List;
  33 import java.util.ListIterator;
  34 import java.util.Map;
  35 import java.util.Set;
  36 import static com.sun.java.util.jar.pack.Constants.*;
  37 
  38 /**
  39  * Representation of constant pool entries and indexes.
  40  * @author John Rose
  41  */
  42 abstract
  43 class ConstantPool {
  44     private ConstantPool() {}  // do not instantiate
  45 
  46     static int verbose() {
  47         return Utils.currentPropMap().getInteger(Utils.DEBUG_VERBOSE);
  48     }
  49 
  50     /** Factory for Utf8 string constants.
  51      *  Used for well-known strings like "SourceFile", "<init>", etc.
  52      *  Also used to back up more complex constant pool entries, like Class.
  53      */
  54     public static synchronized Utf8Entry getUtf8Entry(String value) {
  55         Map<String, Utf8Entry> utf8Entries  = Utils.getUtf8Entries();
  56         Utf8Entry e = utf8Entries.get(value);
  57         if (e == null) {
  58             e = new Utf8Entry(value);
  59             utf8Entries.put(e.stringValue(), e);
  60         }
  61         return e;
  62     }
  63     /** Factory for Class constants. */
  64     public static synchronized ClassEntry getClassEntry(String name) {
  65         Map<String, ClassEntry> classEntries = Utils.getClassEntries();
  66         ClassEntry e = classEntries.get(name);
  67         if (e == null) {
  68             e = new ClassEntry(getUtf8Entry(name));
  69             assert(name.equals(e.stringValue()));
  70             classEntries.put(e.stringValue(), e);
  71         }
  72         return e;
  73     }
  74     /** Factory for literal constants (String, Integer, etc.). */
  75     public static synchronized LiteralEntry getLiteralEntry(Comparable value) {
  76         Map<Object, LiteralEntry> literalEntries = Utils.getLiteralEntries();
  77         LiteralEntry e = literalEntries.get(value);
  78         if (e == null) {
  79             if (value instanceof String)
  80                 e = new StringEntry(getUtf8Entry((String)value));
  81             else
  82                 e = new NumberEntry((Number)value);
  83             literalEntries.put(value, e);
  84         }
  85         return e;
  86     }
  87     /** Factory for literal constants (String, Integer, etc.). */
  88     public static synchronized StringEntry getStringEntry(String value) {
  89         return (StringEntry) getLiteralEntry(value);
  90     }
  91 
  92     /** Factory for signature (type) constants. */
  93     public static synchronized SignatureEntry getSignatureEntry(String type) {
  94         Map<String, SignatureEntry> signatureEntries = Utils.getSignatureEntries();
  95         SignatureEntry e = signatureEntries.get(type);
  96         if (e == null) {
  97             e = new SignatureEntry(type);
  98             assert(e.stringValue().equals(type));
  99             signatureEntries.put(type, e);
 100         }
 101         return e;
 102     }
 103     // Convenience overloading.
 104     public static SignatureEntry getSignatureEntry(Utf8Entry formRef, ClassEntry[] classRefs) {
 105         return getSignatureEntry(SignatureEntry.stringValueOf(formRef, classRefs));
 106     }
 107 
 108     /** Factory for descriptor (name-and-type) constants. */
 109     public static synchronized DescriptorEntry getDescriptorEntry(Utf8Entry nameRef, SignatureEntry typeRef) {
 110         Map<String, DescriptorEntry> descriptorEntries = Utils.getDescriptorEntries();
 111         String key = DescriptorEntry.stringValueOf(nameRef, typeRef);
 112         DescriptorEntry e = descriptorEntries.get(key);
 113         if (e == null) {
 114             e = new DescriptorEntry(nameRef, typeRef);
 115             assert(e.stringValue().equals(key))
 116                 : (e.stringValue()+" != "+(key));
 117             descriptorEntries.put(key, e);
 118         }
 119         return e;
 120     }
 121     // Convenience overloading.
 122     public static DescriptorEntry getDescriptorEntry(Utf8Entry nameRef, Utf8Entry typeRef) {
 123         return getDescriptorEntry(nameRef, getSignatureEntry(typeRef.stringValue()));
 124     }
 125 
 126     /** Factory for member reference constants. */
 127     public static synchronized MemberEntry getMemberEntry(byte tag, ClassEntry classRef, DescriptorEntry descRef) {
 128         Map<String, MemberEntry> memberEntries = Utils.getMemberEntries();
 129         String key = MemberEntry.stringValueOf(tag, classRef, descRef);
 130         MemberEntry e = memberEntries.get(key);
 131         if (e == null) {
 132             e = new MemberEntry(tag, classRef, descRef);
 133             assert(e.stringValue().equals(key))
 134                 : (e.stringValue()+" != "+(key));
 135             memberEntries.put(key, e);
 136         }
 137         return e;
 138     }
 139 
 140 
 141     /** Entries in the constant pool. */
 142     public static abstract
 143     class Entry implements Comparable {
 144         protected final byte tag;       // a CONSTANT_foo code
 145         protected int valueHash;        // cached hashCode
 146 
 147         protected Entry(byte tag) {
 148             this.tag = tag;
 149         }
 150 
 151         public final byte getTag() {
 152             return tag;
 153         }
 154 
 155         public Entry getRef(int i) {
 156             return null;
 157         }
 158 
 159         public boolean eq(Entry that) {  // same reference
 160             assert(that != null);
 161             return this == that || this.equals(that);
 162         }
 163 
 164         // Equality of Entries is value-based.
 165         public abstract boolean equals(Object o);
 166         public final int hashCode() {
 167             if (valueHash == 0) {
 168                 valueHash = computeValueHash();
 169                 if (valueHash == 0)  valueHash = 1;
 170             }
 171             return valueHash;
 172         }
 173         protected abstract int computeValueHash();
 174 
 175         public abstract int compareTo(Object o);
 176 
 177         protected int superCompareTo(Object o) {
 178             Entry that = (Entry) o;
 179 
 180             if (this.tag != that.tag) {
 181                 return TAG_ORDER[this.tag] - TAG_ORDER[that.tag];
 182             }
 183 
 184             return 0;  // subclasses must refine this
 185         }
 186 
 187         public final boolean isDoubleWord() {
 188             return tag == CONSTANT_Double || tag == CONSTANT_Long;
 189         }
 190 
 191         public final boolean tagMatches(int tag) {
 192             return (this.tag == tag);
 193         }
 194 
 195         public String toString() {
 196             String valuePrint = stringValue();
 197             if (verbose() > 4) {
 198                 if (valueHash != 0)
 199                     valuePrint += " hash="+valueHash;
 200                 valuePrint += " id="+System.identityHashCode(this);
 201             }
 202             return tagName(tag)+"="+valuePrint;
 203         }
 204         public abstract String stringValue();
 205     }
 206 
 207     public static
 208     class Utf8Entry extends Entry {
 209         final String value;
 210 
 211         Utf8Entry(String value) {
 212             super(CONSTANT_Utf8);
 213             this.value = value.intern();
 214             hashCode();  // force computation of valueHash
 215         }
 216         protected int computeValueHash() {
 217             return value.hashCode();
 218         }
 219         public boolean equals(Object o) {
 220             // Use reference equality of interned strings:
 221             return (o != null && o.getClass() == Utf8Entry.class
 222                     && ((Utf8Entry) o).value.equals(value));
 223         }
 224         public int compareTo(Object o) {
 225             int x = superCompareTo(o);
 226             if (x == 0) {
 227                 x = value.compareTo(((Utf8Entry)o).value);
 228             }
 229             return x;
 230         }
 231         public String stringValue() {
 232             return value;
 233         }
 234     }
 235 
 236     static boolean isMemberTag(byte tag) {
 237         switch (tag) {
 238         case CONSTANT_Fieldref:
 239         case CONSTANT_Methodref:
 240         case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
 241             return true;
 242         }
 243         return false;
 244     }
 245 
 246     static byte numberTagOf(Number value) {
 247         if (value instanceof Integer)  return CONSTANT_Integer;
 248         if (value instanceof Float)    return CONSTANT_Float;
 249         if (value instanceof Long)     return CONSTANT_Long;
 250         if (value instanceof Double)   return CONSTANT_Double;
 251         throw new RuntimeException("bad literal value "+value);
 252     }
 253 
 254     public static abstract
 255     class LiteralEntry extends Entry {
 256         protected LiteralEntry(byte tag) {
 257             super(tag);
 258         }
 259 
 260         public abstract Comparable literalValue();
 261     }
 262 
 263     public static
 264     class NumberEntry extends LiteralEntry {
 265         final Number value;
 266         NumberEntry(Number value) {
 267             super(numberTagOf(value));
 268             this.value = value;
 269             hashCode();  // force computation of valueHash
 270         }
 271         protected int computeValueHash() {
 272             return value.hashCode();
 273         }
 274 
 275         public boolean equals(Object o) {
 276             return (o != null && o.getClass() == NumberEntry.class
 277                     && ((NumberEntry) o).value.equals(value));
 278 
 279         }
 280         public int compareTo(Object o) {
 281             int x = superCompareTo(o);
 282             if (x == 0) {
 283                 x = ((Comparable)value).compareTo(((NumberEntry)o).value);
 284             }
 285             return x;
 286         }
 287         public Number numberValue() {
 288             return value;
 289         }
 290         public Comparable literalValue() {
 291             return (Comparable) value;
 292         }
 293         public String stringValue() {
 294             return value.toString();
 295         }
 296     }
 297 
 298     public static
 299     class StringEntry extends LiteralEntry {
 300         final Utf8Entry ref;
 301         public Entry getRef(int i) { return i == 0 ? ref : null; }
 302 
 303         StringEntry(Entry ref) {
 304             super(CONSTANT_String);
 305             this.ref = (Utf8Entry) ref;
 306             hashCode();  // force computation of valueHash
 307         }
 308         protected int computeValueHash() {
 309             return ref.hashCode() + tag;
 310         }
 311         public boolean equals(Object o) {
 312             return (o != null && o.getClass() == StringEntry.class &&
 313                     ((StringEntry)o).ref.eq(ref));
 314         }
 315         public int compareTo(Object o) {
 316             int x = superCompareTo(o);
 317             if (x == 0) {
 318                 x = ref.compareTo(((StringEntry)o).ref);
 319             }
 320             return x;
 321         }
 322         public Comparable literalValue() {
 323             return ref.stringValue();
 324         }
 325         public String stringValue() {
 326             return ref.stringValue();
 327         }
 328     }
 329 
 330     public static
 331     class ClassEntry extends Entry {
 332         final Utf8Entry ref;
 333         public Entry getRef(int i) { return i == 0 ? ref : null; }
 334 
 335         protected int computeValueHash() {
 336             return ref.hashCode() + tag;
 337         }
 338         ClassEntry(Entry ref) {
 339             super(CONSTANT_Class);
 340             this.ref = (Utf8Entry) ref;
 341             hashCode();  // force computation of valueHash
 342         }
 343         public boolean equals(Object o) {
 344             return (o != null && o.getClass() == ClassEntry.class
 345                     && ((ClassEntry) o).ref.eq(ref));
 346         }
 347         public int compareTo(Object o) {
 348             int x = superCompareTo(o);
 349             if (x == 0) {
 350                 x = ref.compareTo(((ClassEntry)o).ref);
 351             }
 352             return x;
 353         }
 354         public String stringValue() {
 355             return ref.stringValue();
 356         }
 357     }
 358 
 359     public static
 360     class DescriptorEntry extends Entry {
 361         final Utf8Entry      nameRef;
 362         final SignatureEntry typeRef;
 363         public Entry getRef(int i) {
 364             if (i == 0)  return nameRef;
 365             if (i == 1)  return typeRef;
 366             return null;
 367         }
 368         DescriptorEntry(Entry nameRef, Entry typeRef) {
 369             super(CONSTANT_NameandType);
 370             if (typeRef instanceof Utf8Entry) {
 371                 typeRef = getSignatureEntry(typeRef.stringValue());
 372             }
 373             this.nameRef = (Utf8Entry) nameRef;
 374             this.typeRef = (SignatureEntry) typeRef;
 375             hashCode();  // force computation of valueHash
 376         }
 377         protected int computeValueHash() {
 378             int hc2 = typeRef.hashCode();
 379             return (nameRef.hashCode() + (hc2 << 8)) ^ hc2;
 380         }
 381         public boolean equals(Object o) {
 382             if (o == null || o.getClass() != DescriptorEntry.class) {
 383                 return false;
 384             }
 385             DescriptorEntry that = (DescriptorEntry)o;
 386             return this.nameRef.eq(that.nameRef)
 387                 && this.typeRef.eq(that.typeRef);
 388         }
 389         public int compareTo(Object o) {
 390             int x = superCompareTo(o);
 391             if (x == 0) {
 392                 DescriptorEntry that = (DescriptorEntry)o;
 393                 // Primary key is typeRef, not nameRef.
 394                 x = this.typeRef.compareTo(that.typeRef);
 395                 if (x == 0)
 396                     x = this.nameRef.compareTo(that.nameRef);
 397             }
 398             return x;
 399         }
 400         public String stringValue() {
 401             return stringValueOf(nameRef, typeRef);
 402         }
 403         static
 404         String stringValueOf(Entry nameRef, Entry typeRef) {
 405             return typeRef.stringValue()+","+nameRef.stringValue();
 406         }
 407 
 408         public String prettyString() {
 409             return nameRef.stringValue()+typeRef.prettyString();
 410         }
 411 
 412         public boolean isMethod() {
 413             return typeRef.isMethod();
 414         }
 415 
 416         public byte getLiteralTag() {
 417             return typeRef.getLiteralTag();
 418         }
 419     }
 420 
 421     public static
 422     class MemberEntry extends Entry {
 423         final ClassEntry classRef;
 424         final DescriptorEntry descRef;
 425         public Entry getRef(int i) {
 426             if (i == 0)  return classRef;
 427             if (i == 1)  return descRef;
 428             return null;
 429         }
 430         protected int computeValueHash() {
 431             int hc2 = descRef.hashCode();
 432             return (classRef.hashCode() + (hc2 << 8)) ^ hc2;
 433         }
 434 
 435         MemberEntry(byte tag, ClassEntry classRef, DescriptorEntry descRef) {
 436             super(tag);
 437             assert(isMemberTag(tag));
 438             this.classRef = classRef;
 439             this.descRef  = descRef;
 440             hashCode();  // force computation of valueHash
 441         }
 442         public boolean equals(Object o) {
 443             if (o == null || o.getClass() != MemberEntry.class) {
 444                 return false;
 445             }
 446             MemberEntry that = (MemberEntry)o;
 447             return this.classRef.eq(that.classRef)
 448                 && this.descRef.eq(that.descRef);
 449         }
 450         public int compareTo(Object o) {
 451             int x = superCompareTo(o);
 452             if (x == 0) {
 453                 MemberEntry that = (MemberEntry)o;
 454                 // Primary key is classRef.
 455                 x = this.classRef.compareTo(that.classRef);
 456                 if (x == 0)
 457                     x = this.descRef.compareTo(that.descRef);
 458             }
 459             return x;
 460         }
 461         public String stringValue() {
 462             return stringValueOf(tag, classRef, descRef);
 463         }
 464         static
 465         String stringValueOf(byte tag, ClassEntry classRef, DescriptorEntry descRef) {
 466             assert(isMemberTag(tag));
 467             String pfx;
 468             switch (tag) {
 469             case CONSTANT_Fieldref:            pfx = "Field:";   break;
 470             case CONSTANT_Methodref:           pfx = "Method:";  break;
 471             case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:  pfx = "IMethod:"; break;
 472             default:                           pfx = tag+"???";  break;
 473             }
 474             return pfx+classRef.stringValue()+","+descRef.stringValue();
 475         }
 476 
 477         public boolean isMethod() {
 478             return descRef.isMethod();
 479         }
 480     }
 481 
 482     public static
 483     class SignatureEntry extends Entry {
 484         final Utf8Entry    formRef;
 485         final ClassEntry[] classRefs;
 486         String             value;
 487         Utf8Entry          asUtf8Entry;
 488         public Entry getRef(int i) {
 489             if (i == 0)  return formRef;
 490             return i-1 < classRefs.length ? classRefs[i-1] : null;
 491         }
 492         SignatureEntry(String value) {
 493             super(CONSTANT_Signature);
 494             value = value.intern();  // always do this
 495             this.value = value;
 496             String[] parts = structureSignature(value);
 497             formRef = getUtf8Entry(parts[0]);
 498             classRefs = new ClassEntry[parts.length-1];
 499             for (int i = 1; i < parts.length; i++) {
 500                 classRefs[i - 1] = getClassEntry(parts[i]);
 501             }
 502             hashCode();  // force computation of valueHash
 503         }
 504         protected int computeValueHash() {
 505             stringValue();  // force computation of value
 506             return value.hashCode() + tag;
 507         }
 508 
 509         public Utf8Entry asUtf8Entry() {
 510             if (asUtf8Entry == null) {
 511                 asUtf8Entry = getUtf8Entry(stringValue());
 512             }
 513             return asUtf8Entry;
 514         }
 515 
 516         public boolean equals(Object o) {
 517             return (o != null && o.getClass() == SignatureEntry.class &&
 518                     ((SignatureEntry)o).value.equals(value));
 519         }
 520         public int compareTo(Object o) {
 521             int x = superCompareTo(o);
 522             if (x == 0) {
 523                 SignatureEntry that = (SignatureEntry)o;
 524                 x = compareSignatures(this.value, that.value);
 525             }
 526             return x;
 527         }
 528         public String stringValue() {
 529             if (value == null) {
 530                 value = stringValueOf(formRef, classRefs);
 531             }
 532             return value;
 533         }
 534         static
 535         String stringValueOf(Utf8Entry formRef, ClassEntry[] classRefs) {
 536             String[] parts = new String[1+classRefs.length];
 537             parts[0] = formRef.stringValue();
 538             for (int i = 1; i < parts.length; i++) {
 539                 parts[i] = classRefs[i - 1].stringValue();
 540             }
 541             return flattenSignature(parts).intern();
 542         }
 543 
 544         public int computeSize(boolean countDoublesTwice) {
 545             String form = formRef.stringValue();
 546             int min = 0;
 547             int max = 1;
 548             if (isMethod()) {
 549                 min = 1;
 550                 max = form.indexOf(')');
 551             }
 552             int size = 0;
 553             for (int i = min; i < max; i++) {
 554                 switch (form.charAt(i)) {
 555                     case 'D':
 556                     case 'J':
 557                         if (countDoublesTwice) {
 558                             size++;
 559                         }
 560                         break;
 561                     case '[':
 562                         // Skip rest of array info.
 563                         while (form.charAt(i) == '[') {
 564                             ++i;
 565                         }
 566                         break;
 567                     case ';':
 568                         continue;
 569                     default:
 570                         assert (0 <= JAVA_SIGNATURE_CHARS.indexOf(form.charAt(i)));
 571                         break;
 572                 }
 573                 size++;
 574             }
 575             return size;
 576         }
 577         public boolean isMethod() {
 578             return formRef.stringValue().charAt(0) == '(';
 579         }
 580         public byte getLiteralTag() {
 581             switch (formRef.stringValue().charAt(0)) {
 582             case 'L': return CONSTANT_String;
 583             case 'I': return CONSTANT_Integer;
 584             case 'J': return CONSTANT_Long;
 585             case 'F': return CONSTANT_Float;
 586             case 'D': return CONSTANT_Double;
 587             case 'B': case 'S': case 'C': case 'Z':
 588                 return CONSTANT_Integer;
 589             }
 590             assert(false);
 591             return CONSTANT_None;
 592         }
 593         public String prettyString() {
 594             String s;
 595             if (isMethod()) {
 596                 s = formRef.stringValue();
 597                 s = s.substring(0, 1+s.indexOf(')'));
 598             } else {
 599                 s = "/" + formRef.stringValue();
 600             }
 601             int i;
 602             while ((i = s.indexOf(';')) >= 0) {
 603                 s = s.substring(0, i) + s.substring(i + 1);
 604             }
 605             return s;
 606         }
 607     }
 608 
 609     static int compareSignatures(String s1, String s2) {
 610         return compareSignatures(s1, s2, null, null);
 611     }
 612     static int compareSignatures(String s1, String s2, String[] p1, String[] p2) {
 613         final int S1_COMES_FIRST = -1;
 614         final int S2_COMES_FIRST = +1;
 615         char c1 = s1.charAt(0);
 616         char c2 = s2.charAt(0);
 617         // fields before methods (because there are fewer of them)
 618         if (c1 != '(' && c2 == '(')  return S1_COMES_FIRST;
 619         if (c2 != '(' && c1 == '(')  return S2_COMES_FIRST;
 620         if (p1 == null)  p1 = structureSignature(s1);
 621         if (p2 == null)  p2 = structureSignature(s2);
 622         /*
 623          // non-classes before classes (because there are fewer of them)
 624          if (p1.length == 1 && p2.length > 1)  return S1_COMES_FIRST;
 625          if (p2.length == 1 && p1.length > 1)  return S2_COMES_FIRST;
 626          // all else being equal, use the same comparison as for Utf8 strings
 627          return s1.compareTo(s2);
 628          */
 629         if (p1.length != p2.length)  return p1.length - p2.length;
 630         int length = p1.length;
 631         for (int i = length; --i >= 0; ) {
 632             int res = p1[i].compareTo(p2[i]);
 633             if (res != 0)  return res;
 634         }
 635         assert(s1.equals(s2));
 636         return 0;
 637     }
 638 
 639     static int countClassParts(Utf8Entry formRef) {
 640         int num = 0;
 641         String s = formRef.stringValue();
 642         for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
 643             if (s.charAt(i) == 'L')  ++num;
 644         }
 645         return num;
 646     }
 647 
 648     static String flattenSignature(String[] parts) {
 649         String form = parts[0];
 650         if (parts.length == 1)  return form;
 651         int len = form.length();
 652         for (int i = 1; i < parts.length; i++) {
 653             len += parts[i].length();
 654         }
 655         char[] sig = new char[len];
 656         int j = 0;
 657         int k = 1;
 658         for (int i = 0; i < form.length(); i++) {
 659             char ch = form.charAt(i);
 660             sig[j++] = ch;
 661             if (ch == 'L') {
 662                 String cls = parts[k++];
 663                 cls.getChars(0, cls.length(), sig, j);
 664                 j += cls.length();
 665                 //sig[j++] = ';';
 666             }
 667         }
 668         assert(j == len);
 669         assert(k == parts.length);
 670         return new String(sig);
 671     }
 672 
 673     static private int skipClassNameChars(String sig, int i) {
 674         int len = sig.length();
 675         for (; i < len; i++) {
 676             char ch = sig.charAt(i);
 677             if (ch <= ' ')  break;
 678             if (ch >= ';' && ch <= '@')  break;
 679         }
 680         return i;
 681     }
 682 
 683     static String[] structureSignature(String sig) {
 684         sig = sig.intern();
 685 
 686         int formLen = 0;
 687         int nparts = 1;
 688         for (int i = 0; i < sig.length(); i++) {
 689             char ch = sig.charAt(i);
 690             formLen++;
 691             if (ch == 'L') {
 692                 nparts++;
 693                 int i2 = skipClassNameChars(sig, i+1);
 694                 i = i2-1;  // keep the semicolon in the form
 695                 int i3 = sig.indexOf('<', i+1);
 696                 if (i3 > 0 && i3 < i2)
 697                     i = i3-1;
 698             }
 699         }
 700         char[] form = new char[formLen];
 701         if (nparts == 1) {
 702             String[] parts = { sig };
 703             return parts;
 704         }
 705         String[] parts = new String[nparts];
 706         int j = 0;
 707         int k = 1;
 708         for (int i = 0; i < sig.length(); i++) {
 709             char ch = sig.charAt(i);
 710             form[j++] = ch;
 711             if (ch == 'L') {
 712                 int i2 = skipClassNameChars(sig, i+1);
 713                 parts[k++] = sig.substring(i+1, i2);
 714                 i = i2;
 715                 --i;  // keep the semicolon in the form
 716             }
 717         }
 718         assert(j == formLen);
 719         assert(k == parts.length);
 720         parts[0] = new String(form);
 721         //assert(flattenSignature(parts).equals(sig));
 722         return parts;
 723     }
 724 
 725     // Handy constants:
 726     protected static final Entry[] noRefs = {};
 727     protected static final ClassEntry[] noClassRefs = {};
 728 
 729     /** An Index is a mapping between CP entries and small integers. */
 730     public static final
 731     class Index extends AbstractList {
 732         protected String debugName;
 733         protected Entry[] cpMap;
 734         protected boolean flattenSigs;
 735         protected Entry[] getMap() {
 736             return cpMap;
 737         }
 738         protected Index(String debugName) {
 739             this.debugName = debugName;
 740         }
 741         protected Index(String debugName, Entry[] cpMap) {
 742             this(debugName);
 743             setMap(cpMap);
 744         }
 745         protected void setMap(Entry[] cpMap) {
 746             clearIndex();
 747             this.cpMap = cpMap;
 748         }
 749         protected Index(String debugName, Collection<Entry> cpMapList) {
 750             this(debugName);
 751             setMap(cpMapList);
 752         }
 753         protected void setMap(Collection<Entry> cpMapList) {
 754             cpMap = new Entry[cpMapList.size()];
 755             cpMapList.toArray(cpMap);
 756             setMap(cpMap);
 757         }
 758         public int size() {
 759             return cpMap.length;
 760         }
 761         public Object get(int i) {
 762             return cpMap[i];
 763         }
 764         public Entry getEntry(int i) {
 765             // same as get(), with covariant return type
 766             return cpMap[i];
 767         }
 768 
 769         // Find index of e in cpMap, or return -1 if none.
 770         //
 771         // As a special hack, if flattenSigs, signatures are
 772         // treated as equivalent entries of cpMap.  This is wrong
 773         // from a Collection point of view, because contains()
 774         // reports true for signatures, but the iterator()
 775         // never produces them!
 776         private int findIndexOf(Entry e) {
 777             if (indexKey == null) {
 778                 initializeIndex();
 779             }
 780             int probe = findIndexLocation(e);
 781             if (indexKey[probe] != e) {
 782                 if (flattenSigs && e.tag == CONSTANT_Signature) {
 783                     SignatureEntry se = (SignatureEntry) e;
 784                     return findIndexOf(se.asUtf8Entry());
 785                 }
 786                 return -1;
 787             }
 788             int index = indexValue[probe];
 789             assert(e.equals(cpMap[index]));
 790             return index;
 791         }
 792         public boolean contains(Entry e) {
 793             return findIndexOf(e) >= 0;
 794         }
 795         // Find index of e in cpMap.  Should not return -1.
 796         public int indexOf(Entry e) {
 797             int index = findIndexOf(e);
 798             if (index < 0 && verbose() > 0) {
 799                 System.out.println("not found: "+e);
 800                 System.out.println("       in: "+this.dumpString());
 801                 Thread.dumpStack();
 802             }
 803             assert(index >= 0);
 804             return index;
 805         }
 806         public boolean contains(Object e) {
 807             return findIndexOf((Entry)e) >= 0;
 808         }
 809         public int indexOf(Object e) {
 810             return findIndexOf((Entry)e);
 811         }
 812         public int lastIndexOf(Object e) {
 813             return indexOf(e);
 814         }
 815 
 816         public boolean assertIsSorted() {
 817             for (int i = 1; i < cpMap.length; i++) {
 818                 if (cpMap[i-1].compareTo(cpMap[i]) > 0) {
 819                     System.out.println("Not sorted at "+(i-1)+"/"+i+": "+this.dumpString());
 820                     return false;
 821                 }
 822             }
 823             return true;
 824         }
 825 
 826         // internal hash table
 827         protected Entry[] indexKey;
 828         protected int[]   indexValue;
 829         protected void clearIndex() {
 830             indexKey   = null;
 831             indexValue = null;
 832         }
 833         private int findIndexLocation(Entry e) {
 834             int size   = indexKey.length;
 835             int hash   = e.hashCode();
 836             int probe  = hash & (size - 1);
 837             int stride = ((hash >>> 8) | 1) & (size - 1);
 838             for (;;) {
 839                 Entry e1 = indexKey[probe];
 840                 if (e1 == e || e1 == null)
 841                     return probe;
 842                 probe += stride;
 843                 if (probe >= size)  probe -= size;
 844             }
 845         }
 846         private void initializeIndex() {
 847             if (verbose() > 2)
 848                 System.out.println("initialize Index "+debugName+" ["+size()+"]");
 849             int hsize0 = (int)((cpMap.length + 10) * 1.5);
 850             int hsize = 1;
 851             while (hsize < hsize0) {
 852                 hsize <<= 1;
 853             }
 854             indexKey   = new Entry[hsize];
 855             indexValue = new int[hsize];
 856             for (int i = 0; i < cpMap.length; i++) {
 857                 Entry e = cpMap[i];
 858                 if (e == null)  continue;
 859                 int probe = findIndexLocation(e);
 860                 assert(indexKey[probe] == null);  // e has unique index
 861                 indexKey[probe] = e;
 862                 indexValue[probe] = i;
 863             }
 864         }
 865         public Object[] toArray(Object[] a) {
 866             int sz = size();
 867             if (a.length < sz)  return super.toArray(a);
 868             System.arraycopy(cpMap, 0, a, 0, sz);
 869             if (a.length > sz)  a[sz] = null;
 870             return a;
 871         }
 872         public Object[] toArray() {
 873             return toArray(new Entry[size()]);
 874         }
 875         public Object clone() {
 876             return new Index(debugName, cpMap.clone());
 877         }
 878         public String toString() {
 879             return "Index "+debugName+" ["+size()+"]";
 880         }
 881         public String dumpString() {
 882             String s = toString();
 883             s += " {\n";
 884             for (int i = 0; i < cpMap.length; i++) {
 885                 s += "    "+i+": "+cpMap[i]+"\n";
 886             }
 887             s += "}";
 888             return s;
 889         }
 890     }
 891 
 892     // Index methods.
 893 
 894     public static
 895     Index makeIndex(String debugName, Entry[] cpMap) {
 896         return new Index(debugName, cpMap);
 897     }
 898 
 899     public static
 900     Index makeIndex(String debugName, Collection<Entry> cpMapList) {
 901         return new Index(debugName, cpMapList);
 902     }
 903 
 904     /** Sort this index (destructively) into canonical order. */
 905     public static
 906     void sort(Index ix) {
 907         // %%% Should move this into class Index.
 908         ix.clearIndex();
 909         Arrays.sort(ix.cpMap);
 910         if (verbose() > 2)
 911             System.out.println("sorted "+ix.dumpString());
 912     }
 913 
 914     /** Return a set of indexes partitioning these entries.
 915      *  The keys array must of length this.size(), and marks entries.
 916      *  The result array is as long as one plus the largest key value.
 917      *  Entries with a negative key are dropped from the partition.
 918      */
 919     public static
 920     Index[] partition(Index ix, int[] keys) {
 921         // %%% Should move this into class Index.
 922         List<List<Entry>> parts = new ArrayList<>();
 923         Entry[] cpMap = ix.cpMap;
 924         assert(keys.length == cpMap.length);
 925         for (int i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
 926             int key = keys[i];
 927             if (key < 0)  continue;
 928             while (key >= parts.size()) {
 929                 parts.add(null);
 930             }
 931             List<Entry> part = parts.get(key);
 932             if (part == null) {
 933                 parts.set(key, part = new ArrayList<>());
 934             }
 935             part.add(cpMap[i]);
 936         }
 937         Index[] indexes = new Index[parts.size()];
 938         for (int key = 0; key < indexes.length; key++) {
 939             List<Entry> part = parts.get(key);
 940             if (part == null)  continue;
 941             indexes[key] = new Index(ix.debugName+"/part#"+key, part);
 942             assert(indexes[key].indexOf(part.get(0)) == 0);
 943         }
 944         return indexes;
 945     }
 946     public static
 947     Index[] partitionByTag(Index ix) {
 948         // Partition by tag.
 949         Entry[] cpMap = ix.cpMap;
 950         int[] keys = new int[cpMap.length];
 951         for (int i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
 952             Entry e = cpMap[i];
 953             keys[i] = (e == null)? -1: e.tag;
 954         }
 955         Index[] byTag = partition(ix, keys);
 956         for (int tag = 0; tag < byTag.length; tag++) {
 957             if (byTag[tag] == null)  continue;
 958             byTag[tag].debugName = tagName(tag);
 959         }
 960         if (byTag.length < CONSTANT_Limit) {
 961             Index[] longer = new Index[CONSTANT_Limit];
 962             System.arraycopy(byTag, 0, longer, 0, byTag.length);
 963             byTag = longer;
 964         }
 965         return byTag;
 966     }
 967 
 968     /** Coherent group of constant pool indexes. */
 969     public static
 970     class IndexGroup {
 971         private Index indexUntyped;
 972         private Index[] indexByTag = new Index[CONSTANT_Limit];
 973         private int[]   untypedFirstIndexByTag;
 974         private int     totalSize;
 975         private Index[][] indexByTagAndClass;
 976 
 977         /** Index of all CP entries of all types, in definition order. */
 978         public Index getUntypedIndex() {
 979             if (indexUntyped == null) {
 980                 untypedIndexOf(null);  // warm up untypedFirstIndexByTag
 981                 Entry[] cpMap = new Entry[totalSize];
 982                 for (int tag = 0; tag < indexByTag.length; tag++) {
 983                     Index ix = indexByTag[tag];
 984                     if (ix == null)  continue;
 985                     int ixLen = ix.cpMap.length;
 986                     if (ixLen == 0)  continue;
 987                     int fillp = untypedFirstIndexByTag[tag];
 988                     assert(cpMap[fillp] == null);
 989                     assert(cpMap[fillp+ixLen-1] == null);
 990                     System.arraycopy(ix.cpMap, 0, cpMap, fillp, ixLen);
 991                 }
 992                 indexUntyped = new Index("untyped", cpMap);
 993             }
 994             return indexUntyped;
 995         }
 996 
 997         public int untypedIndexOf(Entry e) {
 998             if (untypedFirstIndexByTag == null) {
 999                 untypedFirstIndexByTag = new int[CONSTANT_Limit];
1000                 int fillp = 0;
1001                 for (int i = 0; i < TAGS_IN_ORDER.length; i++) {
1002                     byte tag = TAGS_IN_ORDER[i];
1003                     Index ix = indexByTag[tag];
1004                     if (ix == null)  continue;
1005                     int ixLen = ix.cpMap.length;
1006                     untypedFirstIndexByTag[tag] = fillp;
1007                     fillp += ixLen;
1008                 }
1009                 totalSize = fillp;
1010             }
1011             if (e == null)  return -1;
1012             int tag = e.tag;
1013             Index ix = indexByTag[tag];
1014             if (ix == null)  return -1;
1015             int idx = ix.findIndexOf(e);
1016             if (idx >= 0)
1017                 idx += untypedFirstIndexByTag[tag];
1018             return idx;
1019         }
1020 
1021         public void initIndexByTag(byte tag, Index ix) {
1022             assert(indexByTag[tag] == null);  // do not init twice
1023             Entry[] cpMap = ix.cpMap;
1024             for (int i = 0; i < cpMap.length; i++) {
1025                 // It must be a homogeneous Entry set.
1026                 assert(cpMap[i].tag == tag);
1027             }
1028             if (tag == CONSTANT_Utf8) {
1029                 // Special case:  First Utf8 must always be empty string.
1030                 assert(cpMap.length == 0 || cpMap[0].stringValue().equals(""));
1031             }
1032             indexByTag[tag] = ix;
1033             // decache indexes derived from this one:
1034             untypedFirstIndexByTag = null;
1035             indexUntyped = null;
1036             if (indexByTagAndClass != null)
1037                 indexByTagAndClass[tag] = null;
1038         }
1039 
1040         /** Index of all CP entries of a given tag. */
1041         public Index getIndexByTag(byte tag) {
1042             if (tag == CONSTANT_All) {
1043                 return getUntypedIndex();
1044             }
1045             Index ix = indexByTag[tag];
1046             if (ix == null) {
1047                 // Make an empty one by default.
1048                 ix = new Index(tagName(tag), new Entry[0]);
1049                 indexByTag[tag] = ix;
1050             }
1051             return ix;
1052         }
1053 
1054         /** Index of all CP entries of a given tag and class. */
1055         public Index getMemberIndex(byte tag, ClassEntry classRef) {
1056             if (indexByTagAndClass == null)
1057                 indexByTagAndClass = new Index[CONSTANT_Limit][];
1058             Index allClasses =  getIndexByTag(CONSTANT_Class);
1059             Index[] perClassIndexes = indexByTagAndClass[tag];
1060             if (perClassIndexes == null) {
1061                 // Create the partition now.
1062                 // Divide up all entries of the given tag according to their class.
1063                 Index allMembers = getIndexByTag(tag);
1064                 int[] whichClasses = new int[allMembers.size()];
1065                 for (int i = 0; i < whichClasses.length; i++) {
1066                     MemberEntry e = (MemberEntry) allMembers.get(i);
1067                     int whichClass = allClasses.indexOf(e.classRef);
1068                     whichClasses[i] = whichClass;
1069                 }
1070                 perClassIndexes = partition(allMembers, whichClasses);
1071                 for (int i = 0; i < perClassIndexes.length; i++) {
1072                     assert (perClassIndexes[i] == null ||
1073                             perClassIndexes[i].assertIsSorted());
1074                 }
1075                 indexByTagAndClass[tag] = perClassIndexes;
1076             }
1077             int whichClass = allClasses.indexOf(classRef);
1078             return perClassIndexes[whichClass];
1079         }
1080 
1081         // Given the sequence of all methods of the given name and class,
1082         // produce the ordinal of this particular given overloading.
1083         public int getOverloadingIndex(MemberEntry methodRef) {
1084             Index ix = getMemberIndex(methodRef.tag, methodRef.classRef);
1085             Utf8Entry nameRef = methodRef.descRef.nameRef;
1086             int ord = 0;
1087             for (int i = 0; i < ix.cpMap.length; i++) {
1088                 MemberEntry e = (MemberEntry) ix.cpMap[i];
1089                 if (e.equals(methodRef))
1090                     return ord;
1091                 if (e.descRef.nameRef.equals(nameRef))
1092                     // Found a different overloading.  Increment the ordinal.
1093                     ord++;
1094             }
1095             throw new RuntimeException("should not reach here");
1096         }
1097 
1098         // Inverse of getOverloadingIndex
1099         public MemberEntry getOverloadingForIndex(byte tag, ClassEntry classRef, String name, int which) {
1100             assert(name.equals(name.intern()));
1101             Index ix = getMemberIndex(tag, classRef);
1102             int ord = 0;
1103             for (int i = 0; i < ix.cpMap.length; i++) {
1104                 MemberEntry e = (MemberEntry) ix.cpMap[i];
1105                 if (e.descRef.nameRef.stringValue().equals(name)) {
1106                     if (ord == which)  return e;
1107                     ord++;
1108                 }
1109             }
1110             throw new RuntimeException("should not reach here");
1111         }
1112 
1113         public boolean haveNumbers() {
1114             for (byte tag = CONSTANT_Integer; tag <= CONSTANT_Double; tag++) {
1115                 switch (tag) {
1116                 case CONSTANT_Integer:
1117                 case CONSTANT_Float:
1118                 case CONSTANT_Long:
1119                 case CONSTANT_Double:
1120                     break;
1121                 default:
1122                     assert(false);
1123                 }
1124                 if (getIndexByTag(tag).size() > 0)  return true;
1125             }
1126             return false;
1127         }
1128 
1129     }
1130 
1131     /** Close the set cpRefs under the getRef(*) relation.
1132      *  Also, if flattenSigs, replace all signatures in cpRefs
1133      *  by their equivalent Utf8s.
1134      *  Also, discard null from cpRefs.
1135      */
1136     public static
1137     void completeReferencesIn(Set<Entry> cpRefs, boolean flattenSigs) {
1138         cpRefs.remove(null);
1139         for (ListIterator<Entry> work =
1140                  new ArrayList<>(cpRefs).listIterator(cpRefs.size());
1141              work.hasPrevious(); ) {
1142             Entry e = work.previous();
1143             work.remove();          // pop stack
1144             assert(e != null);
1145             if (flattenSigs && e.tag == CONSTANT_Signature) {
1146                 SignatureEntry se = (SignatureEntry) e;
1147                 Utf8Entry      ue = se.asUtf8Entry();
1148                 // Totally replace e by se.
1149                 cpRefs.remove(se);
1150                 cpRefs.add(ue);
1151                 e = ue;   // do not descend into the sig
1152             }
1153             // Recursively add the refs of e to cpRefs:
1154             for (int i = 0; ; i++) {
1155                 Entry re = e.getRef(i);
1156                 if (re == null)
1157                     break;          // no more refs in e
1158                 if (cpRefs.add(re)) // output the ref
1159                     work.add(re);   // push stack, if a new ref
1160             }
1161         }
1162     }
1163 
1164     static double percent(int num, int den) {
1165         return (int)((10000.0*num)/den + 0.5) / 100.0;
1166     }
1167 
1168     public static String tagName(int tag) {
1169         switch (tag) {
1170             case CONSTANT_Utf8:                 return "Utf8";
1171             case CONSTANT_Integer:              return "Integer";
1172             case CONSTANT_Float:                return "Float";
1173             case CONSTANT_Long:                 return "Long";
1174             case CONSTANT_Double:               return "Double";
1175             case CONSTANT_Class:                return "Class";
1176             case CONSTANT_String:               return "String";
1177             case CONSTANT_Fieldref:             return "Fieldref";
1178             case CONSTANT_Methodref:            return "Methodref";
1179             case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:   return "InterfaceMethodref";
1180             case CONSTANT_NameandType:          return "NameandType";
1181 
1182                 // pseudo-tags:
1183             case CONSTANT_All:                  return "*All";
1184             case CONSTANT_None:                 return "*None";
1185             case CONSTANT_Signature:            return "*Signature";
1186         }
1187         return "tag#"+tag;
1188     }
1189 
1190     // archive constant pool definition order
1191     static final byte TAGS_IN_ORDER[] = {
1192         CONSTANT_Utf8,
1193         CONSTANT_Integer,           // cp_Int
1194         CONSTANT_Float,
1195         CONSTANT_Long,
1196         CONSTANT_Double,
1197         CONSTANT_String,
1198         CONSTANT_Class,
1199         CONSTANT_Signature,
1200         CONSTANT_NameandType,       // cp_Descr
1201         CONSTANT_Fieldref,          // cp_Field
1202         CONSTANT_Methodref,         // cp_Method
1203         CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref // cp_Imethod
1204     };
1205     static final byte TAG_ORDER[];
1206     static {
1207         TAG_ORDER = new byte[CONSTANT_Limit];
1208         for (int i = 0; i < TAGS_IN_ORDER.length; i++) {
1209             TAG_ORDER[TAGS_IN_ORDER[i]] = (byte)(i+1);
1210         }
1211         /*
1212         System.out.println("TAG_ORDER[] = {");
1213         for (int i = 0; i < TAG_ORDER.length; i++)
1214             System.out.println("  "+TAG_ORDER[i]+",");
1215         System.out.println("};");
1216         */
1217     }
1218 }