1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/metadataOnStackMark.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  32 #include "interpreter/linkResolver.hpp"
  33 #include "memory/heapInspection.hpp"
  34 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  35 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  36 #include "oops/constantPool.hpp"
  37 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  38 #include "oops/objArrayKlass.hpp"
  39 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  40 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  41 #include "runtime/fieldType.hpp"
  42 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  43 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  44 #include "runtime/signature.hpp"
  45 #include "runtime/vframe.hpp"
  46 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  47 
  48 ConstantPool* ConstantPool::allocate(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, int length, TRAPS) {
  49   // Tags are RW but comment below applies to tags also.
  50   Array<u1>* tags = MetadataFactory::new_writeable_array<u1>(loader_data, length, 0, CHECK_NULL);
  51 
  52   int size = ConstantPool::size(length);
  53 
  54   // CDS considerations:
  55   // Allocate read-write but may be able to move to read-only at dumping time
  56   // if all the klasses are resolved.  The only other field that is writable is
  57   // the resolved_references array, which is recreated at startup time.
  58   // But that could be moved to InstanceKlass (although a pain to access from
  59   // assembly code).  Maybe it could be moved to the cpCache which is RW.
  60   return new (loader_data, size, false, MetaspaceObj::ConstantPoolType, THREAD) ConstantPool(tags);
  61 }
  62 
  63 #ifdef ASSERT
  64 
  65 // MetaspaceObj allocation invariant is calloc equivalent memory
  66 // simple verification of this here (JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid == 0 )
  67 static bool tag_array_is_zero_initialized(Array<u1>* tags) {
  68   assert(tags != NULL, "invariant");
  69   const int length = tags->length();
  70   for (int index = 0; index < length; ++index) {
  71     if (JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid != tags->at(index)) {
  72       return false;
  73     }
  74   }
  75   return true;
  76 }
  77 
  78 #endif
  79 
  80 ConstantPool::ConstantPool(Array<u1>* tags) :
  81   _tags(tags),
  82   _length(tags->length()) {
  83 
  84     assert(_tags != NULL, "invariant");
  85     assert(tags->length() == _length, "invariant");
  86     assert(tag_array_is_zero_initialized(tags), "invariant");
  87     assert(0 == _flags, "invariant");
  88     assert(0 == version(), "invariant");
  89     assert(NULL == _pool_holder, "invariant");
  90 }
  91 
  92 void ConstantPool::deallocate_contents(ClassLoaderData* loader_data) {
  93   MetadataFactory::free_metadata(loader_data, cache());
  94   set_cache(NULL);
  95   MetadataFactory::free_array<u2>(loader_data, reference_map());
  96   set_reference_map(NULL);
  97 
  98   MetadataFactory::free_array<jushort>(loader_data, operands());
  99   set_operands(NULL);
 100 
 101   release_C_heap_structures();
 102 
 103   // free tag array
 104   MetadataFactory::free_array<u1>(loader_data, tags());
 105   set_tags(NULL);
 106 }
 107 
 108 void ConstantPool::release_C_heap_structures() {
 109   // walk constant pool and decrement symbol reference counts
 110   unreference_symbols();
 111 }
 112 
 113 objArrayOop ConstantPool::resolved_references() const {
 114   return (objArrayOop)JNIHandles::resolve(_resolved_references);
 115 }
 116 
 117 // Create resolved_references array and mapping array for original cp indexes
 118 // The ldc bytecode was rewritten to have the resolved reference array index so need a way
 119 // to map it back for resolving and some unlikely miscellaneous uses.
 120 // The objects created by invokedynamic are appended to this list.
 121 void ConstantPool::initialize_resolved_references(ClassLoaderData* loader_data,
 122                                                   const intStack& reference_map,
 123                                                   int constant_pool_map_length,
 124                                                   TRAPS) {
 125   // Initialized the resolved object cache.
 126   int map_length = reference_map.length();
 127   if (map_length > 0) {
 128     // Only need mapping back to constant pool entries.  The map isn't used for
 129     // invokedynamic resolved_reference entries.  For invokedynamic entries,
 130     // the constant pool cache index has the mapping back to both the constant
 131     // pool and to the resolved reference index.
 132     if (constant_pool_map_length > 0) {
 133       Array<u2>* om = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, constant_pool_map_length, CHECK);
 134 
 135       for (int i = 0; i < constant_pool_map_length; i++) {
 136         int x = reference_map.at(i);
 137         assert(x == (int)(jushort) x, "klass index is too big");
 138         om->at_put(i, (jushort)x);
 139       }
 140       set_reference_map(om);
 141     }
 142 
 143     // Create Java array for holding resolved strings, methodHandles,
 144     // methodTypes, invokedynamic and invokehandle appendix objects, etc.
 145     objArrayOop stom = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 146     Handle refs_handle (THREAD, (oop)stom);  // must handleize.
 147     set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 148   }
 149 }
 150 
 151 // CDS support. Create a new resolved_references array.
 152 void ConstantPool::restore_unshareable_info(TRAPS) {
 153 
 154   // Only create the new resolved references array if it hasn't been attempted before
 155   if (resolved_references() != NULL) return;
 156 
 157   // restore the C++ vtable from the shared archive
 158   restore_vtable();
 159 
 160   if (SystemDictionary::Object_klass_loaded()) {
 161     // Recreate the object array and add to ClassLoaderData.
 162     int map_length = resolved_reference_length();
 163     if (map_length > 0) {
 164       objArrayOop stom = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 165       Handle refs_handle (THREAD, (oop)stom);  // must handleize.
 166 
 167       ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
 168       set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 169     }
 170   }
 171 }
 172 
 173 void ConstantPool::remove_unshareable_info() {
 174   // Resolved references are not in the shared archive.
 175   // Save the length for restoration.  It is not necessarily the same length
 176   // as reference_map.length() if invokedynamic is saved.
 177   set_resolved_reference_length(
 178     resolved_references() != NULL ? resolved_references()->length() : 0);
 179   set_resolved_references(NULL);
 180 }
 181 
 182 int ConstantPool::cp_to_object_index(int cp_index) {
 183   // this is harder don't do this so much.
 184   int i = reference_map()->find(cp_index);
 185   // We might not find the index for jsr292 call.
 186   return (i < 0) ? _no_index_sentinel : i;
 187 }
 188 
 189 void ConstantPool::string_at_put(int which, int obj_index, oop str) {
 190   resolved_references()->obj_at_put(obj_index, str);
 191 }
 192 
 193 void ConstantPool::trace_class_resolution(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, KlassHandle k) {
 194   ResourceMark rm;
 195   int line_number = -1;
 196   const char * source_file = NULL;
 197   if (JavaThread::current()->has_last_Java_frame()) {
 198     // try to identify the method which called this function.
 199     vframeStream vfst(JavaThread::current());
 200     if (!vfst.at_end()) {
 201       line_number = vfst.method()->line_number_from_bci(vfst.bci());
 202       Symbol* s = vfst.method()->method_holder()->source_file_name();
 203       if (s != NULL) {
 204         source_file = s->as_C_string();
 205       }
 206     }
 207   }
 208   if (k() != this_cp->pool_holder()) {
 209     // only print something if the classes are different
 210     if (source_file != NULL) {
 211       log_info(classresolve)("%s %s %s:%d",
 212                  this_cp->pool_holder()->external_name(),
 213                  k->external_name(), source_file, line_number);
 214     } else {
 215       log_info(classresolve)("%s %s",
 216                  this_cp->pool_holder()->external_name(),
 217                  k->external_name());
 218     }
 219   }
 220 }
 221 
 222 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which,
 223                                    bool save_resolution_error, TRAPS) {
 224   //assert(THREAD->is_Java_thread(), "must be a Java thread");
 225   // TODO re-enable this assert as soon as we have a better solution
 226   // With ValueTypePassFieldsAsArgs, we need to resolve call sites from the GC thread
 227   // to determine the callee signature in nmethod::preserve_callee_argument_oops().
 228   assert(ValueTypePassFieldsAsArgs || THREAD->is_Java_thread(), "must be a Java thread");
 229 
 230   // A resolved constantPool entry will contain a Klass*, otherwise a Symbol*.
 231   // It is not safe to rely on the tag bit's here, since we don't have a lock, and
 232   // the entry and tag is not updated atomicly.
 233   CPSlot entry = this_cp->slot_at(which);
 234   if (entry.is_resolved()) {
 235     assert(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be");
 236     // Already resolved - return entry.
 237     return entry.get_klass();
 238   }
 239 
 240   // This tag doesn't change back to unresolved class unless at a safepoint.
 241   if (this_cp->tag_at(which).is_unresolved_klass_in_error()) {
 242     // The original attempt to resolve this constant pool entry failed so find the
 243     // class of the original error and throw another error of the same class
 244     // (JVMS 5.4.3).
 245     // If there is a detail message, pass that detail message to the error.
 246     // The JVMS does not strictly require us to duplicate the same detail message,
 247     // or any internal exception fields such as cause or stacktrace.  But since the
 248     // detail message is often a class name or other literal string, we will repeat it
 249     // if we can find it in the symbol table.
 250     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, which, CHECK_0);
 251     ShouldNotReachHere();
 252   }
 253 
 254   Handle mirror_handle;
 255   Symbol* name = entry.get_symbol();
 256   Handle loader (THREAD, this_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader());
 257   Handle protection_domain (THREAD, this_cp->pool_holder()->protection_domain());
 258   Klass* kk = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(name, loader, protection_domain, true, THREAD);
 259   KlassHandle k (THREAD, kk);
 260   if (!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 261     // preserve the resolved klass from unloading
 262     mirror_handle = Handle(THREAD, kk->java_mirror());
 263     // Do access check for klasses
 264     verify_constant_pool_resolve(this_cp, k, THREAD);
 265   }
 266 
 267   // Failed to resolve class. We must record the errors so that subsequent attempts
 268   // to resolve this constant pool entry fail with the same error (JVMS 5.4.3).
 269   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 270     if (save_resolution_error) {
 271       save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, which, constantTag(JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass), CHECK_NULL);
 272       // If CHECK_NULL above doesn't return the exception, that means that
 273       // some other thread has beaten us and has resolved the class.
 274       // To preserve old behavior, we return the resolved class.
 275       entry = this_cp->resolved_klass_at(which);
 276       assert(entry.is_resolved(), "must be resolved if exception was cleared");
 277       assert(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be resolved to a klass");
 278       return entry.get_klass();
 279     } else {
 280       return NULL;  // return the pending exception
 281     }
 282   }
 283 
 284   // Make this class loader depend upon the class loader owning the class reference
 285   ClassLoaderData* this_key = this_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
 286   this_key->record_dependency(k(), CHECK_NULL); // Can throw OOM
 287 
 288   if (log_is_enabled(Info, classresolve) && !k->is_array_klass()) {
 289     // skip resolving the constant pool so that this code gets
 290     // called the next time some bytecodes refer to this class.
 291     trace_class_resolution(this_cp, k);
 292     return k();
 293   } else {
 294     this_cp->klass_at_put(which, k());
 295   }
 296 
 297   entry = this_cp->resolved_klass_at(which);
 298   assert(entry.is_resolved() && entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be resolved at this point");
 299   return entry.get_klass();
 300 }
 301 
 302 
 303 // Does not update ConstantPool* - to avoid any exception throwing. Used
 304 // by compiler and exception handling.  Also used to avoid classloads for
 305 // instanceof operations. Returns NULL if the class has not been loaded or
 306 // if the verification of constant pool failed
 307 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which) {
 308   CPSlot entry = this_cp->slot_at(which);
 309   if (entry.is_resolved()) {
 310     assert(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be");
 311     return entry.get_klass();
 312   } else {
 313     assert(entry.is_unresolved(), "must be either symbol or klass");
 314     Thread *thread = Thread::current();
 315     Symbol* name = entry.get_symbol();
 316     oop loader = this_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader();
 317     oop protection_domain = this_cp->pool_holder()->protection_domain();
 318     Handle h_prot (thread, protection_domain);
 319     Handle h_loader (thread, loader);
 320     Klass* k = SystemDictionary::find(name, h_loader, h_prot, thread);
 321 
 322     if (k != NULL) {
 323       // Make sure that resolving is legal
 324       EXCEPTION_MARK;
 325       KlassHandle klass(THREAD, k);
 326       // return NULL if verification fails
 327       verify_constant_pool_resolve(this_cp, klass, THREAD);
 328       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 329         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 330         return NULL;
 331       }
 332       return klass();
 333     } else {
 334       return k;
 335     }
 336   }
 337 }
 338 
 339 
 340 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which) {
 341   return klass_at_if_loaded(this_cp, this_cp->klass_ref_index_at(which));
 342 }
 343 
 344 
 345 Method* ConstantPool::method_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool,
 346                                                    int which) {
 347   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return NULL;  // nothing to load yet
 348   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 349   if (!(cache_index >= 0 && cache_index < cpool->cache()->length())) {
 350     // FIXME: should be an assert
 351     if (PrintMiscellaneous && (Verbose||WizardMode)) {
 352       tty->print_cr("bad operand %d in:", which); cpool->print();
 353     }
 354     return NULL;
 355   }
 356   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 357   return e->method_if_resolved(cpool);
 358 }
 359 
 360 
 361 bool ConstantPool::has_appendix_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which) {
 362   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return false;  // nothing to load yet
 363   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 364   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 365   return e->has_appendix();
 366 }
 367 
 368 oop ConstantPool::appendix_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which) {
 369   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return NULL;  // nothing to load yet
 370   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 371   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 372   return e->appendix_if_resolved(cpool);
 373 }
 374 
 375 
 376 bool ConstantPool::has_method_type_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which) {
 377   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return false;  // nothing to load yet
 378   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 379   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 380   return e->has_method_type();
 381 }
 382 
 383 oop ConstantPool::method_type_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which) {
 384   if (cpool->cache() == NULL)  return NULL;  // nothing to load yet
 385   int cache_index = decode_cpcache_index(which, true);
 386   ConstantPoolCacheEntry* e = cpool->cache()->entry_at(cache_index);
 387   return e->method_type_if_resolved(cpool);
 388 }
 389 
 390 
 391 Symbol* ConstantPool::impl_name_ref_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 392   int name_index = name_ref_index_at(impl_name_and_type_ref_index_at(which, uncached));
 393   return symbol_at(name_index);
 394 }
 395 
 396 
 397 Symbol* ConstantPool::impl_signature_ref_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 398   int signature_index = signature_ref_index_at(impl_name_and_type_ref_index_at(which, uncached));
 399   return symbol_at(signature_index);
 400 }
 401 
 402 
 403 int ConstantPool::impl_name_and_type_ref_index_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 404   int i = which;
 405   if (!uncached && cache() != NULL) {
 406     if (ConstantPool::is_invokedynamic_index(which)) {
 407       // Invokedynamic index is index into resolved_references
 408       int pool_index = invokedynamic_cp_cache_entry_at(which)->constant_pool_index();
 409       pool_index = invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(pool_index);
 410       assert(tag_at(pool_index).is_name_and_type(), "");
 411       return pool_index;
 412     }
 413     // change byte-ordering and go via cache
 414     i = remap_instruction_operand_from_cache(which);
 415   } else {
 416     if (tag_at(which).is_invoke_dynamic()) {
 417       int pool_index = invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(which);
 418       assert(tag_at(pool_index).is_name_and_type(), "");
 419       return pool_index;
 420     }
 421   }
 422   assert(tag_at(i).is_field_or_method(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 423   assert(!tag_at(i).is_invoke_dynamic(), "Must be handled above");
 424   jint ref_index = *int_at_addr(i);
 425   return extract_high_short_from_int(ref_index);
 426 }
 427 
 428 
 429 int ConstantPool::impl_klass_ref_index_at(int which, bool uncached) {
 430   guarantee(!ConstantPool::is_invokedynamic_index(which),
 431             "an invokedynamic instruction does not have a klass");
 432   int i = which;
 433   if (!uncached && cache() != NULL) {
 434     // change byte-ordering and go via cache
 435     i = remap_instruction_operand_from_cache(which);
 436   }
 437   assert(tag_at(i).is_field_or_method(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 438   jint ref_index = *int_at_addr(i);
 439   return extract_low_short_from_int(ref_index);
 440 }
 441 
 442 
 443 
 444 int ConstantPool::remap_instruction_operand_from_cache(int operand) {
 445   int cpc_index = operand;
 446   DEBUG_ONLY(cpc_index -= CPCACHE_INDEX_TAG);
 447   assert((int)(u2)cpc_index == cpc_index, "clean u2");
 448   int member_index = cache()->entry_at(cpc_index)->constant_pool_index();
 449   return member_index;
 450 }
 451 
 452 
 453 void ConstantPool::verify_constant_pool_resolve(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, KlassHandle k, TRAPS) {
 454  if (k->is_instance_klass() || k->is_objArray_klass()) {
 455     instanceKlassHandle holder (THREAD, this_cp->pool_holder());
 456     Klass* elem = k->is_instance_klass() ? k() : ObjArrayKlass::cast(k())->bottom_klass();
 457     KlassHandle element (THREAD, elem);
 458 
 459     // The element type could be a typeArray - we only need the access check if it is
 460     // an reference to another class
 461     if (element->is_instance_klass()) {
 462       LinkResolver::check_klass_accessability(holder, element, CHECK);
 463     }
 464   }
 465 }
 466 
 467 
 468 int ConstantPool::name_ref_index_at(int which_nt) {
 469   jint ref_index = name_and_type_at(which_nt);
 470   return extract_low_short_from_int(ref_index);
 471 }
 472 
 473 
 474 int ConstantPool::signature_ref_index_at(int which_nt) {
 475   jint ref_index = name_and_type_at(which_nt);
 476   return extract_high_short_from_int(ref_index);
 477 }
 478 
 479 
 480 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at(int which, TRAPS) {
 481   return klass_at(klass_ref_index_at(which), THREAD);
 482 }
 483 
 484 
 485 Symbol* ConstantPool::klass_name_at(int which) const {
 486   assert(tag_at(which).is_unresolved_klass() || tag_at(which).is_klass(),
 487          "Corrupted constant pool");
 488   // A resolved constantPool entry will contain a Klass*, otherwise a Symbol*.
 489   // It is not safe to rely on the tag bit's here, since we don't have a lock, and the entry and
 490   // tag is not updated atomicly.
 491   CPSlot entry = slot_at(which);
 492   if (entry.is_resolved()) {
 493     // Already resolved - return entry's name.
 494     assert(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be");
 495     return entry.get_klass()->name();
 496   } else {
 497     assert(entry.is_unresolved(), "must be either symbol or klass");
 498     return entry.get_symbol();
 499   }
 500 }
 501 
 502 Symbol* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at_noresolve(int which) {
 503   jint ref_index = klass_ref_index_at(which);
 504   return klass_at_noresolve(ref_index);
 505 }
 506 
 507 Symbol* ConstantPool::uncached_klass_ref_at_noresolve(int which) {
 508   jint ref_index = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(which);
 509   return klass_at_noresolve(ref_index);
 510 }
 511 
 512 char* ConstantPool::string_at_noresolve(int which) {
 513   return unresolved_string_at(which)->as_C_string();
 514 }
 515 
 516 BasicType ConstantPool::basic_type_for_signature_at(int which) const {
 517   return FieldType::basic_type(symbol_at(which));
 518 }
 519 
 520 
 521 void ConstantPool::resolve_string_constants_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, TRAPS) {
 522   for (int index = 1; index < this_cp->length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
 523     if (this_cp->tag_at(index).is_string()) {
 524       this_cp->string_at(index, CHECK);
 525     }
 526   }
 527 }
 528 
 529 // Resolve all the classes in the constant pool.  If they are all resolved,
 530 // the constant pool is read-only.  Enhancement: allocate cp entries to
 531 // another metaspace, and copy to read-only or read-write space if this
 532 // bit is set.
 533 bool ConstantPool::resolve_class_constants(TRAPS) {
 534   constantPoolHandle cp(THREAD, this);
 535   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
 536     if (tag_at(index).is_unresolved_klass() &&
 537         klass_at_if_loaded(cp, index) == NULL) {
 538       return false;
 539   }
 540   }
 541   // set_preresolution(); or some bit for future use
 542   return true;
 543 }
 544 
 545 Symbol* ConstantPool::exception_message(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, constantTag tag, oop pending_exception) {
 546   // Dig out the detailed message to reuse if possible
 547   Symbol* message = java_lang_Throwable::detail_message(pending_exception);
 548   if (message != NULL) {
 549     return message;
 550   }
 551 
 552   // Return specific message for the tag
 553   switch (tag.value()) {
 554   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 555     // return the class name in the error message
 556     message = this_cp->klass_name_at(which);
 557     break;
 558   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
 559     // return the method handle name in the error message
 560     message = this_cp->method_handle_name_ref_at(which);
 561     break;
 562   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
 563     // return the method type signature in the error message
 564     message = this_cp->method_type_signature_at(which);
 565     break;
 566   default:
 567     ShouldNotReachHere();
 568   }
 569 
 570   return message;
 571 }
 572 
 573 void ConstantPool::throw_resolution_error(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, TRAPS) {
 574   Symbol* message = NULL;
 575   Symbol* error = SystemDictionary::find_resolution_error(this_cp, which, &message);
 576   assert(error != NULL && message != NULL, "checking");
 577   CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 578   ResourceMark rm;
 579   THROW_MSG(error, message->as_C_string());
 580 }
 581 
 582 // If resolution for Class, MethodHandle or MethodType fails, save the exception
 583 // in the resolution error table, so that the same exception is thrown again.
 584 void ConstantPool::save_and_throw_exception(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which,
 585                                             constantTag tag, TRAPS) {
 586   Symbol* error = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
 587 
 588   int error_tag = tag.error_value();
 589 
 590   if (!PENDING_EXCEPTION->
 591     is_a(SystemDictionary::LinkageError_klass())) {
 592     // Just throw the exception and don't prevent these classes from
 593     // being loaded due to virtual machine errors like StackOverflow
 594     // and OutOfMemoryError, etc, or if the thread was hit by stop()
 595     // Needs clarification to section 5.4.3 of the VM spec (see 6308271)
 596   } else if (this_cp->tag_at(which).value() != error_tag) {
 597     Symbol* message = exception_message(this_cp, which, tag, PENDING_EXCEPTION);
 598     SystemDictionary::add_resolution_error(this_cp, which, error, message);
 599     // CAS in the tag.  If a thread beat us to registering this error that's fine.
 600     // If another thread resolved the reference, this is a race condition. This
 601     // thread may have had a security manager or something temporary.
 602     // This doesn't deterministically get an error.   So why do we save this?
 603     // We save this because jvmti can add classes to the bootclass path after
 604     // this error, so it needs to get the same error if the error is first.
 605     jbyte old_tag = Atomic::cmpxchg((jbyte)error_tag,
 606                             (jbyte*)this_cp->tag_addr_at(which), (jbyte)tag.value());
 607     if (old_tag != error_tag && old_tag != tag.value()) {
 608       // MethodHandles and MethodType doesn't change to resolved version.
 609       assert(this_cp->tag_at(which).is_klass(), "Wrong tag value");
 610       // Forget the exception and use the resolved class.
 611       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 612     }
 613   } else {
 614     // some other thread put this in error state
 615     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, which, CHECK);
 616   }
 617 }
 618 
 619 // Called to resolve constants in the constant pool and return an oop.
 620 // Some constant pool entries cache their resolved oop. This is also
 621 // called to create oops from constants to use in arguments for invokedynamic
 622 oop ConstantPool::resolve_constant_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int index, int cache_index, TRAPS) {
 623   oop result_oop = NULL;
 624   Handle throw_exception;
 625 
 626   if (cache_index == _possible_index_sentinel) {
 627     // It is possible that this constant is one which is cached in the objects.
 628     // We'll do a linear search.  This should be OK because this usage is rare.
 629     assert(index > 0, "valid index");
 630     cache_index = this_cp->cp_to_object_index(index);
 631   }
 632   assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel || cache_index >= 0, "");
 633   assert(index == _no_index_sentinel || index >= 0, "");
 634 
 635   if (cache_index >= 0) {
 636     result_oop = this_cp->resolved_references()->obj_at(cache_index);
 637     if (result_oop != NULL) {
 638       return result_oop;
 639       // That was easy...
 640     }
 641     index = this_cp->object_to_cp_index(cache_index);
 642   }
 643 
 644   jvalue prim_value;  // temp used only in a few cases below
 645 
 646   constantTag tag = this_cp->tag_at(index);
 647 
 648   switch (tag.value()) {
 649 
 650   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 651   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
 652   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 653     {
 654       assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 655       Klass* resolved = klass_at_impl(this_cp, index, true, CHECK_NULL);
 656       // ldc wants the java mirror.
 657       result_oop = resolved->java_mirror();
 658       break;
 659     }
 660 
 661   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
 662     assert(cache_index != _no_index_sentinel, "should have been set");
 663     if (this_cp->is_pseudo_string_at(index)) {
 664       result_oop = this_cp->pseudo_string_at(index, cache_index);
 665       break;
 666     }
 667     result_oop = string_at_impl(this_cp, index, cache_index, CHECK_NULL);
 668     break;
 669 
 670   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
 671   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
 672     {
 673       throw_resolution_error(this_cp, index, CHECK_NULL);
 674       break;
 675     }
 676 
 677   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
 678     {
 679       int ref_kind                 = this_cp->method_handle_ref_kind_at(index);
 680       int callee_index             = this_cp->method_handle_klass_index_at(index);
 681       Symbol*  name =      this_cp->method_handle_name_ref_at(index);
 682       Symbol*  signature = this_cp->method_handle_signature_ref_at(index);
 683       if (PrintMiscellaneous)
 684         tty->print_cr("resolve JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:%d [%d/%d/%d] %s.%s",
 685                       ref_kind, index, this_cp->method_handle_index_at(index),
 686                       callee_index, name->as_C_string(), signature->as_C_string());
 687       KlassHandle callee;
 688       { Klass* k = klass_at_impl(this_cp, callee_index, true, CHECK_NULL);
 689         callee = KlassHandle(THREAD, k);
 690       }
 691       KlassHandle klass(THREAD, this_cp->pool_holder());
 692       Handle value = SystemDictionary::link_method_handle_constant(klass, ref_kind,
 693                                                                    callee, name, signature,
 694                                                                    THREAD);
 695       result_oop = value();
 696       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 697         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
 698       }
 699       break;
 700     }
 701 
 702   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
 703     {
 704       Symbol*  signature = this_cp->method_type_signature_at(index);
 705       if (PrintMiscellaneous)
 706         tty->print_cr("resolve JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType [%d/%d] %s",
 707                       index, this_cp->method_type_index_at(index),
 708                       signature->as_C_string());
 709       KlassHandle klass(THREAD, this_cp->pool_holder());
 710       Handle value = SystemDictionary::find_method_handle_type(signature, klass, THREAD);
 711       result_oop = value();
 712       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 713         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
 714       }
 715       break;
 716     }
 717 
 718   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
 719     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 720     prim_value.i = this_cp->int_at(index);
 721     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_INT, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
 722     break;
 723 
 724   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
 725     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 726     prim_value.f = this_cp->float_at(index);
 727     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_FLOAT, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
 728     break;
 729 
 730   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
 731     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 732     prim_value.j = this_cp->long_at(index);
 733     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_LONG, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
 734     break;
 735 
 736   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
 737     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
 738     prim_value.d = this_cp->double_at(index);
 739     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_DOUBLE, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
 740     break;
 741 
 742   default:
 743     DEBUG_ONLY( tty->print_cr("*** %p: tag at CP[%d/%d] = %d",
 744                               this_cp(), index, cache_index, tag.value()));
 745     assert(false, "unexpected constant tag");
 746     break;
 747   }
 748 
 749   if (cache_index >= 0) {
 750     // Benign race condition:  resolved_references may already be filled in.
 751     // The important thing here is that all threads pick up the same result.
 752     // It doesn't matter which racing thread wins, as long as only one
 753     // result is used by all threads, and all future queries.
 754     oop old_result = this_cp->resolved_references()->atomic_compare_exchange_oop(cache_index, result_oop, NULL);
 755     if (old_result == NULL) {
 756       return result_oop;  // was installed
 757     } else {
 758       // Return the winning thread's result.  This can be different than
 759       // the result here for MethodHandles.
 760       return old_result;
 761     }
 762   } else {
 763     return result_oop;
 764   }
 765 }
 766 
 767 oop ConstantPool::uncached_string_at(int which, TRAPS) {
 768   Symbol* sym = unresolved_string_at(which);
 769   oop str = StringTable::intern(sym, CHECK_(NULL));
 770   assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(str), "must be string");
 771   return str;
 772 }
 773 
 774 
 775 oop ConstantPool::resolve_bootstrap_specifier_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int index, TRAPS) {
 776   assert(this_cp->tag_at(index).is_invoke_dynamic(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 777 
 778   Handle bsm;
 779   int argc;
 780   {
 781     // JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic is an ordered pair of [bootm, name&type], plus optional arguments
 782     // The bootm, being a JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle, has its own cache entry.
 783     // It is accompanied by the optional arguments.
 784     int bsm_index = this_cp->invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(index);
 785     oop bsm_oop = this_cp->resolve_possibly_cached_constant_at(bsm_index, CHECK_NULL);
 786     if (!java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle::is_instance(bsm_oop)) {
 787       THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_LinkageError(), "BSM not an MethodHandle");
 788     }
 789 
 790     // Extract the optional static arguments.
 791     argc = this_cp->invoke_dynamic_argument_count_at(index);
 792     if (argc == 0)  return bsm_oop;
 793 
 794     bsm = Handle(THREAD, bsm_oop);
 795   }
 796 
 797   objArrayHandle info;
 798   {
 799     objArrayOop info_oop = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), 1+argc, CHECK_NULL);
 800     info = objArrayHandle(THREAD, info_oop);
 801   }
 802 
 803   info->obj_at_put(0, bsm());
 804   for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 805     int arg_index = this_cp->invoke_dynamic_argument_index_at(index, i);
 806     oop arg_oop = this_cp->resolve_possibly_cached_constant_at(arg_index, CHECK_NULL);
 807     info->obj_at_put(1+i, arg_oop);
 808   }
 809 
 810   return info();
 811 }
 812 
 813 oop ConstantPool::string_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, int obj_index, TRAPS) {
 814   // If the string has already been interned, this entry will be non-null
 815   oop str = this_cp->resolved_references()->obj_at(obj_index);
 816   if (str != NULL) return str;
 817   Symbol* sym = this_cp->unresolved_string_at(which);
 818   str = StringTable::intern(sym, CHECK_(NULL));
 819   this_cp->string_at_put(which, obj_index, str);
 820   assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(str), "must be string");
 821   return str;
 822 }
 823 
 824 
 825 bool ConstantPool::klass_name_at_matches(instanceKlassHandle k,
 826                                                 int which) {
 827   // Names are interned, so we can compare Symbol*s directly
 828   Symbol* cp_name = klass_name_at(which);
 829   return (cp_name == k->name());
 830 }
 831 
 832 
 833 // Iterate over symbols and decrement ones which are Symbol*s
 834 // This is done during GC.
 835 // Only decrement the UTF8 symbols. Unresolved classes and strings point to
 836 // these symbols but didn't increment the reference count.
 837 void ConstantPool::unreference_symbols() {
 838   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
 839     constantTag tag = tag_at(index);
 840     if (tag.is_symbol()) {
 841       symbol_at(index)->decrement_refcount();
 842     }
 843   }
 844 }
 845 
 846 
 847 // Compare this constant pool's entry at index1 to the constant pool
 848 // cp2's entry at index2.
 849 bool ConstantPool::compare_entry_to(int index1, const constantPoolHandle& cp2,
 850        int index2, TRAPS) {
 851 
 852   // The error tags are equivalent to non-error tags when comparing
 853   jbyte t1 = tag_at(index1).non_error_value();
 854   jbyte t2 = cp2->tag_at(index2).non_error_value();
 855 
 856   if (t1 != t2) {
 857     // Not the same entry type so there is nothing else to check. Note
 858     // that this style of checking will consider resolved/unresolved
 859     // class pairs as different.
 860     // From the ConstantPool* API point of view, this is correct
 861     // behavior. See VM_RedefineClasses::merge_constant_pools() to see how this
 862     // plays out in the context of ConstantPool* merging.
 863     return false;
 864   }
 865 
 866   switch (t1) {
 867   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 868   {
 869     Klass* k1 = klass_at(index1, CHECK_false);
 870     Klass* k2 = cp2->klass_at(index2, CHECK_false);
 871     if (k1 == k2) {
 872       return true;
 873     }
 874   } break;
 875 
 876   case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
 877   {
 878     int recur1 = klass_index_at(index1);
 879     int recur2 = cp2->klass_index_at(index2);
 880     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 881     if (match) {
 882       return true;
 883     }
 884   } break;
 885 
 886   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
 887   {
 888     jdouble d1 = double_at(index1);
 889     jdouble d2 = cp2->double_at(index2);
 890     if (d1 == d2) {
 891       return true;
 892     }
 893   } break;
 894 
 895   case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
 896   case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
 897   case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
 898   {
 899     int recur1 = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index1);
 900     int recur2 = cp2->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index2);
 901     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 902     if (match) {
 903       recur1 = uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
 904       recur2 = cp2->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
 905       match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 906       if (match) {
 907         return true;
 908       }
 909     }
 910   } break;
 911 
 912   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
 913   {
 914     jfloat f1 = float_at(index1);
 915     jfloat f2 = cp2->float_at(index2);
 916     if (f1 == f2) {
 917       return true;
 918     }
 919   } break;
 920 
 921   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
 922   {
 923     jint i1 = int_at(index1);
 924     jint i2 = cp2->int_at(index2);
 925     if (i1 == i2) {
 926       return true;
 927     }
 928   } break;
 929 
 930   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
 931   {
 932     jlong l1 = long_at(index1);
 933     jlong l2 = cp2->long_at(index2);
 934     if (l1 == l2) {
 935       return true;
 936     }
 937   } break;
 938 
 939   case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
 940   {
 941     int recur1 = name_ref_index_at(index1);
 942     int recur2 = cp2->name_ref_index_at(index2);
 943     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 944     if (match) {
 945       recur1 = signature_ref_index_at(index1);
 946       recur2 = cp2->signature_ref_index_at(index2);
 947       match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 948       if (match) {
 949         return true;
 950       }
 951     }
 952   } break;
 953 
 954   case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
 955   {
 956     int recur1 = string_index_at(index1);
 957     int recur2 = cp2->string_index_at(index2);
 958     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2, CHECK_false);
 959     if (match) {
 960       return true;
 961     }
 962   } break;
 963 
 964   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 965   {
 966     Symbol* k1 = klass_name_at(index1);
 967     Symbol* k2 = cp2->klass_name_at(index2);
 968     if (k1 == k2) {
 969       return true;
 970     }
 971   } break;
 972 
 973   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
 974   {
 975     int k1 = method_type_index_at_error_ok(index1);
 976     int k2 = cp2->method_type_index_at_error_ok(index2);
 977     bool match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
 978     if (match) {
 979       return true;
 980     }
 981   } break;
 982 
 983   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
 984   {
 985     int k1 = method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(index1);
 986     int k2 = cp2->method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(index2);
 987     if (k1 == k2) {
 988       int i1 = method_handle_index_at_error_ok(index1);
 989       int i2 = cp2->method_handle_index_at_error_ok(index2);
 990       bool match = compare_entry_to(i1, cp2, i2, CHECK_false);
 991       if (match) {
 992         return true;
 993       }
 994     }
 995   } break;
 996 
 997   case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
 998   {
 999     int k1 = invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
1000     int k2 = cp2->invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
1001     int i1 = invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_specifier_index(index1);
1002     int i2 = cp2->invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_specifier_index(index2);
1003     // separate statements and variables because CHECK_false is used
1004     bool match_entry = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
1005     bool match_operand = compare_operand_to(i1, cp2, i2, CHECK_false);
1006     return (match_entry && match_operand);
1007   } break;
1008 
1009   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1010   {
1011     Symbol* s1 = unresolved_string_at(index1);
1012     Symbol* s2 = cp2->unresolved_string_at(index2);
1013     if (s1 == s2) {
1014       return true;
1015     }
1016   } break;
1017 
1018   case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1019   {
1020     Symbol* s1 = symbol_at(index1);
1021     Symbol* s2 = cp2->symbol_at(index2);
1022     if (s1 == s2) {
1023       return true;
1024     }
1025   } break;
1026 
1027   // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
1028   // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
1029   // not be seen by itself.
1030   case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
1031 
1032   default:
1033     ShouldNotReachHere();
1034     break;
1035   }
1036 
1037   return false;
1038 } // end compare_entry_to()
1039 
1040 
1041 // Resize the operands array with delta_len and delta_size.
1042 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1043 void ConstantPool::resize_operands(int delta_len, int delta_size, TRAPS) {
1044   int old_len  = operand_array_length(operands());
1045   int new_len  = old_len + delta_len;
1046   int min_len  = (delta_len > 0) ? old_len : new_len;
1047 
1048   int old_size = operands()->length();
1049   int new_size = old_size + delta_size;
1050   int min_size = (delta_size > 0) ? old_size : new_size;
1051 
1052   ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
1053   Array<u2>* new_ops = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, new_size, CHECK);
1054 
1055   // Set index in the resized array for existing elements only
1056   for (int idx = 0; idx < min_len; idx++) {
1057     int offset = operand_offset_at(idx);                       // offset in original array
1058     operand_offset_at_put(new_ops, idx, offset + 2*delta_len); // offset in resized array
1059   }
1060   // Copy the bootstrap specifiers only
1061   Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(operands()->adr_at(2*old_len),
1062                                new_ops->adr_at(2*new_len),
1063                                (min_size - 2*min_len) * sizeof(u2));
1064   // Explicitly deallocate old operands array.
1065   // Note, it is not needed for 7u backport.
1066   if ( operands() != NULL) { // the safety check
1067     MetadataFactory::free_array<u2>(loader_data, operands());
1068   }
1069   set_operands(new_ops);
1070 } // end resize_operands()
1071 
1072 
1073 // Extend the operands array with the length and size of the ext_cp operands.
1074 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1075 void ConstantPool::extend_operands(const constantPoolHandle& ext_cp, TRAPS) {
1076   int delta_len = operand_array_length(ext_cp->operands());
1077   if (delta_len == 0) {
1078     return; // nothing to do
1079   }
1080   int delta_size = ext_cp->operands()->length();
1081 
1082   assert(delta_len  > 0 && delta_size > 0, "extended operands array must be bigger");
1083 
1084   if (operand_array_length(operands()) == 0) {
1085     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
1086     Array<u2>* new_ops = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, delta_size, CHECK);
1087     // The first element index defines the offset of second part
1088     operand_offset_at_put(new_ops, 0, 2*delta_len); // offset in new array
1089     set_operands(new_ops);
1090   } else {
1091     resize_operands(delta_len, delta_size, CHECK);
1092   }
1093 
1094 } // end extend_operands()
1095 
1096 
1097 // Shrink the operands array to a smaller array with new_len length.
1098 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1099 void ConstantPool::shrink_operands(int new_len, TRAPS) {
1100   int old_len = operand_array_length(operands());
1101   if (new_len == old_len) {
1102     return; // nothing to do
1103   }
1104   assert(new_len < old_len, "shrunken operands array must be smaller");
1105 
1106   int free_base  = operand_next_offset_at(new_len - 1);
1107   int delta_len  = new_len - old_len;
1108   int delta_size = 2*delta_len + free_base - operands()->length();
1109 
1110   resize_operands(delta_len, delta_size, CHECK);
1111 
1112 } // end shrink_operands()
1113 
1114 
1115 void ConstantPool::copy_operands(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp,
1116                                  const constantPoolHandle& to_cp,
1117                                  TRAPS) {
1118 
1119   int from_oplen = operand_array_length(from_cp->operands());
1120   int old_oplen  = operand_array_length(to_cp->operands());
1121   if (from_oplen != 0) {
1122     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = to_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
1123     // append my operands to the target's operands array
1124     if (old_oplen == 0) {
1125       // Can't just reuse from_cp's operand list because of deallocation issues
1126       int len = from_cp->operands()->length();
1127       Array<u2>* new_ops = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, len, CHECK);
1128       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(
1129           from_cp->operands()->adr_at(0), new_ops->adr_at(0), len * sizeof(u2));
1130       to_cp->set_operands(new_ops);
1131     } else {
1132       int old_len  = to_cp->operands()->length();
1133       int from_len = from_cp->operands()->length();
1134       int old_off  = old_oplen * sizeof(u2);
1135       int from_off = from_oplen * sizeof(u2);
1136       // Use the metaspace for the destination constant pool
1137       Array<u2>* new_operands = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, old_len + from_len, CHECK);
1138       int fillp = 0, len = 0;
1139       // first part of dest
1140       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(to_cp->operands()->adr_at(0),
1141                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1142                                    (len = old_off) * sizeof(u2));
1143       fillp += len;
1144       // first part of src
1145       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(from_cp->operands()->adr_at(0),
1146                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1147                                    (len = from_off) * sizeof(u2));
1148       fillp += len;
1149       // second part of dest
1150       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(to_cp->operands()->adr_at(old_off),
1151                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1152                                    (len = old_len - old_off) * sizeof(u2));
1153       fillp += len;
1154       // second part of src
1155       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(from_cp->operands()->adr_at(from_off),
1156                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1157                                    (len = from_len - from_off) * sizeof(u2));
1158       fillp += len;
1159       assert(fillp == new_operands->length(), "");
1160 
1161       // Adjust indexes in the first part of the copied operands array.
1162       for (int j = 0; j < from_oplen; j++) {
1163         int offset = operand_offset_at(new_operands, old_oplen + j);
1164         assert(offset == operand_offset_at(from_cp->operands(), j), "correct copy");
1165         offset += old_len;  // every new tuple is preceded by old_len extra u2's
1166         operand_offset_at_put(new_operands, old_oplen + j, offset);
1167       }
1168 
1169       // replace target operands array with combined array
1170       to_cp->set_operands(new_operands);
1171     }
1172   }
1173 } // end copy_operands()
1174 
1175 
1176 // Copy this constant pool's entries at start_i to end_i (inclusive)
1177 // to the constant pool to_cp's entries starting at to_i. A total of
1178 // (end_i - start_i) + 1 entries are copied.
1179 void ConstantPool::copy_cp_to_impl(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp, int start_i, int end_i,
1180        const constantPoolHandle& to_cp, int to_i, TRAPS) {
1181 
1182 
1183   int dest_i = to_i;  // leave original alone for debug purposes
1184 
1185   for (int src_i = start_i; src_i <= end_i; /* see loop bottom */ ) {
1186     copy_entry_to(from_cp, src_i, to_cp, dest_i, CHECK);
1187 
1188     switch (from_cp->tag_at(src_i).value()) {
1189     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1190     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1191       // double and long take two constant pool entries
1192       src_i += 2;
1193       dest_i += 2;
1194       break;
1195 
1196     default:
1197       // all others take one constant pool entry
1198       src_i++;
1199       dest_i++;
1200       break;
1201     }
1202   }
1203   copy_operands(from_cp, to_cp, CHECK);
1204 
1205 } // end copy_cp_to_impl()
1206 
1207 
1208 // Copy this constant pool's entry at from_i to the constant pool
1209 // to_cp's entry at to_i.
1210 void ConstantPool::copy_entry_to(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp, int from_i,
1211                                         const constantPoolHandle& to_cp, int to_i,
1212                                         TRAPS) {
1213 
1214   int tag = from_cp->tag_at(from_i).value();
1215   switch (tag) {
1216   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1217   {
1218     Klass* k = from_cp->klass_at(from_i, CHECK);
1219     to_cp->klass_at_put(to_i, k);
1220   } break;
1221 
1222   case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1223   {
1224     jint ki = from_cp->klass_index_at(from_i);
1225     to_cp->klass_index_at_put(to_i, ki);
1226   } break;
1227 
1228   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1229   {
1230     jdouble d = from_cp->double_at(from_i);
1231     to_cp->double_at_put(to_i, d);
1232     // double takes two constant pool entries so init second entry's tag
1233     to_cp->tag_at_put(to_i + 1, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
1234   } break;
1235 
1236   case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1237   {
1238     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1239     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1240     to_cp->field_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1241   } break;
1242 
1243   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1244   {
1245     jfloat f = from_cp->float_at(from_i);
1246     to_cp->float_at_put(to_i, f);
1247   } break;
1248 
1249   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1250   {
1251     jint i = from_cp->int_at(from_i);
1252     to_cp->int_at_put(to_i, i);
1253   } break;
1254 
1255   case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1256   {
1257     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1258     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1259     to_cp->interface_method_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1260   } break;
1261 
1262   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1263   {
1264     jlong l = from_cp->long_at(from_i);
1265     to_cp->long_at_put(to_i, l);
1266     // long takes two constant pool entries so init second entry's tag
1267     to_cp->tag_at_put(to_i + 1, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
1268   } break;
1269 
1270   case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1271   {
1272     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1273     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1274     to_cp->method_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1275   } break;
1276 
1277   case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1278   {
1279     int name_ref_index = from_cp->name_ref_index_at(from_i);
1280     int signature_ref_index = from_cp->signature_ref_index_at(from_i);
1281     to_cp->name_and_type_at_put(to_i, name_ref_index, signature_ref_index);
1282   } break;
1283 
1284   case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1285   {
1286     jint si = from_cp->string_index_at(from_i);
1287     to_cp->string_index_at_put(to_i, si);
1288   } break;
1289 
1290   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1291   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1292   {
1293     // Can be resolved after checking tag, so check the slot first.
1294     CPSlot entry = from_cp->slot_at(from_i);
1295     if (entry.is_resolved()) {
1296       assert(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(), "must be");
1297       // Already resolved
1298       to_cp->klass_at_put(to_i, entry.get_klass());
1299     } else {
1300       to_cp->unresolved_klass_at_put(to_i, entry.get_symbol());
1301     }
1302   } break;
1303 
1304   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1305   {
1306     Symbol* s = from_cp->unresolved_string_at(from_i);
1307     to_cp->unresolved_string_at_put(to_i, s);
1308   } break;
1309 
1310   case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1311   {
1312     Symbol* s = from_cp->symbol_at(from_i);
1313     // Need to increase refcount, the old one will be thrown away and deferenced
1314     s->increment_refcount();
1315     to_cp->symbol_at_put(to_i, s);
1316   } break;
1317 
1318   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1319   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1320   {
1321     jint k = from_cp->method_type_index_at_error_ok(from_i);
1322     to_cp->method_type_index_at_put(to_i, k);
1323   } break;
1324 
1325   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1326   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1327   {
1328     int k1 = from_cp->method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(from_i);
1329     int k2 = from_cp->method_handle_index_at_error_ok(from_i);
1330     to_cp->method_handle_index_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1331   } break;
1332 
1333   case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1334   {
1335     int k1 = from_cp->invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_specifier_index(from_i);
1336     int k2 = from_cp->invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1337     k1 += operand_array_length(to_cp->operands());  // to_cp might already have operands
1338     to_cp->invoke_dynamic_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1339   } break;
1340 
1341   // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
1342   // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
1343   // not be seen by itself.
1344   case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
1345 
1346   default:
1347   {
1348     ShouldNotReachHere();
1349   } break;
1350   }
1351 } // end copy_entry_to()
1352 
1353 
1354 // Search constant pool search_cp for an entry that matches this
1355 // constant pool's entry at pattern_i. Returns the index of a
1356 // matching entry or zero (0) if there is no matching entry.
1357 int ConstantPool::find_matching_entry(int pattern_i,
1358       const constantPoolHandle& search_cp, TRAPS) {
1359 
1360   // index zero (0) is not used
1361   for (int i = 1; i < search_cp->length(); i++) {
1362     bool found = compare_entry_to(pattern_i, search_cp, i, CHECK_0);
1363     if (found) {
1364       return i;
1365     }
1366   }
1367 
1368   return 0;  // entry not found; return unused index zero (0)
1369 } // end find_matching_entry()
1370 
1371 
1372 // Compare this constant pool's bootstrap specifier at idx1 to the constant pool
1373 // cp2's bootstrap specifier at idx2.
1374 bool ConstantPool::compare_operand_to(int idx1, const constantPoolHandle& cp2, int idx2, TRAPS) {
1375   int k1 = operand_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(idx1);
1376   int k2 = cp2->operand_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(idx2);
1377   bool match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
1378 
1379   if (!match) {
1380     return false;
1381   }
1382   int argc = operand_argument_count_at(idx1);
1383   if (argc == cp2->operand_argument_count_at(idx2)) {
1384     for (int j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
1385       k1 = operand_argument_index_at(idx1, j);
1386       k2 = cp2->operand_argument_index_at(idx2, j);
1387       match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2, CHECK_false);
1388       if (!match) {
1389         return false;
1390       }
1391     }
1392     return true;           // got through loop; all elements equal
1393   }
1394   return false;
1395 } // end compare_operand_to()
1396 
1397 // Search constant pool search_cp for a bootstrap specifier that matches
1398 // this constant pool's bootstrap specifier at pattern_i index.
1399 // Return the index of a matching bootstrap specifier or (-1) if there is no match.
1400 int ConstantPool::find_matching_operand(int pattern_i,
1401                     const constantPoolHandle& search_cp, int search_len, TRAPS) {
1402   for (int i = 0; i < search_len; i++) {
1403     bool found = compare_operand_to(pattern_i, search_cp, i, CHECK_(-1));
1404     if (found) {
1405       return i;
1406     }
1407   }
1408   return -1;  // bootstrap specifier not found; return unused index (-1)
1409 } // end find_matching_operand()
1410 
1411 
1412 #ifndef PRODUCT
1413 
1414 const char* ConstantPool::printable_name_at(int which) {
1415 
1416   constantTag tag = tag_at(which);
1417 
1418   if (tag.is_string()) {
1419     return string_at_noresolve(which);
1420   } else if (tag.is_klass() || tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {
1421     return klass_name_at(which)->as_C_string();
1422   } else if (tag.is_symbol()) {
1423     return symbol_at(which)->as_C_string();
1424   }
1425   return "";
1426 }
1427 
1428 #endif // PRODUCT
1429 
1430 
1431 // JVMTI GetConstantPool support
1432 
1433 // For debugging of constant pool
1434 const bool debug_cpool = false;
1435 
1436 #define DBG(code) do { if (debug_cpool) { (code); } } while(0)
1437 
1438 static void print_cpool_bytes(jint cnt, u1 *bytes) {
1439   const char* WARN_MSG = "Must not be such entry!";
1440   jint size = 0;
1441   u2   idx1, idx2;
1442 
1443   for (jint idx = 1; idx < cnt; idx++) {
1444     jint ent_size = 0;
1445     u1   tag  = *bytes++;
1446     size++;                       // count tag
1447 
1448     printf("const #%03d, tag: %02d ", idx, tag);
1449     switch(tag) {
1450       case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: {
1451         printf("Invalid");
1452         break;
1453       }
1454       case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode: {
1455         printf("Unicode      %s", WARN_MSG);
1456         break;
1457       }
1458       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
1459         u2 len = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1460         char str[128];
1461         if (len > 127) {
1462            len = 127;
1463         }
1464         strncpy(str, (char *) (bytes+2), len);
1465         str[len] = '\0';
1466         printf("Utf8          \"%s\"", str);
1467         ent_size = 2 + len;
1468         break;
1469       }
1470       case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer: {
1471         u4 val = Bytes::get_Java_u4(bytes);
1472         printf("int          %d", *(int *) &val);
1473         ent_size = 4;
1474         break;
1475       }
1476       case JVM_CONSTANT_Float: {
1477         u4 val = Bytes::get_Java_u4(bytes);
1478         printf("float        %5.3ff", *(float *) &val);
1479         ent_size = 4;
1480         break;
1481       }
1482       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long: {
1483         u8 val = Bytes::get_Java_u8(bytes);
1484         printf("long         " INT64_FORMAT, (int64_t) *(jlong *) &val);
1485         ent_size = 8;
1486         idx++; // Long takes two cpool slots
1487         break;
1488       }
1489       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
1490         u8 val = Bytes::get_Java_u8(bytes);
1491         printf("double       %5.3fd", *(jdouble *)&val);
1492         ent_size = 8;
1493         idx++; // Double takes two cpool slots
1494         break;
1495       }
1496       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class: {
1497         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1498         printf("class        #%03d", idx1);
1499         ent_size = 2;
1500         break;
1501       }
1502       case JVM_CONSTANT_String: {
1503         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1504         printf("String       #%03d", idx1);
1505         ent_size = 2;
1506         break;
1507       }
1508       case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref: {
1509         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1510         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1511         printf("Field        #%03d, #%03d", (int) idx1, (int) idx2);
1512         ent_size = 4;
1513         break;
1514       }
1515       case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref: {
1516         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1517         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1518         printf("Method       #%03d, #%03d", idx1, idx2);
1519         ent_size = 4;
1520         break;
1521       }
1522       case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: {
1523         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1524         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1525         printf("InterfMethod #%03d, #%03d", idx1, idx2);
1526         ent_size = 4;
1527         break;
1528       }
1529       case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType: {
1530         idx1 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes);
1531         idx2 = Bytes::get_Java_u2(bytes+2);
1532         printf("NameAndType  #%03d, #%03d", idx1, idx2);
1533         ent_size = 4;
1534         break;
1535       }
1536       case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: {
1537         printf("ClassIndex  %s", WARN_MSG);
1538         break;
1539       }
1540       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass: {
1541         printf("UnresolvedClass: %s", WARN_MSG);
1542         break;
1543       }
1544       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
1545         printf("UnresolvedClassInErr: %s", WARN_MSG);
1546         break;
1547       }
1548       case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: {
1549         printf("StringIndex: %s", WARN_MSG);
1550         break;
1551       }
1552     }
1553     printf(";\n");
1554     bytes += ent_size;
1555     size  += ent_size;
1556   }
1557   printf("Cpool size: %d\n", size);
1558   fflush(0);
1559   return;
1560 } /* end print_cpool_bytes */
1561 
1562 
1563 // Returns size of constant pool entry.
1564 jint ConstantPool::cpool_entry_size(jint idx) {
1565   switch(tag_at(idx).value()) {
1566     case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid:
1567     case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode:
1568       return 1;
1569 
1570     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1571       return 3 + symbol_at(idx)->utf8_length();
1572 
1573     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1574     case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1575     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1576     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1577     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1578     case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1579     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1580     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1581       return 3;
1582 
1583     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1584     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1585       return 4; //tag, ref_kind, ref_index
1586 
1587     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1588     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1589     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1590     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1591     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1592     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1593       return 5;
1594 
1595     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1596       // u1 tag, u2 bsm, u2 nt
1597       return 5;
1598 
1599     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1600     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1601       return 9;
1602   }
1603   assert(false, "cpool_entry_size: Invalid constant pool entry tag");
1604   return 1;
1605 } /* end cpool_entry_size */
1606 
1607 
1608 // SymbolHashMap is used to find a constant pool index from a string.
1609 // This function fills in SymbolHashMaps, one for utf8s and one for
1610 // class names, returns size of the cpool raw bytes.
1611 jint ConstantPool::hash_entries_to(SymbolHashMap *symmap,
1612                                           SymbolHashMap *classmap) {
1613   jint size = 0;
1614 
1615   for (u2 idx = 1; idx < length(); idx++) {
1616     u2 tag = tag_at(idx).value();
1617     size += cpool_entry_size(idx);
1618 
1619     switch(tag) {
1620       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
1621         Symbol* sym = symbol_at(idx);
1622         symmap->add_entry(sym, idx);
1623         DBG(printf("adding symbol entry %s = %d\n", sym->as_utf8(), idx));
1624         break;
1625       }
1626       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1627       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1628       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
1629         Symbol* sym = klass_name_at(idx);
1630         classmap->add_entry(sym, idx);
1631         DBG(printf("adding class entry %s = %d\n", sym->as_utf8(), idx));
1632         break;
1633       }
1634       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1635       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
1636         idx++; // Both Long and Double take two cpool slots
1637         break;
1638       }
1639     }
1640   }
1641   return size;
1642 } /* end hash_utf8_entries_to */
1643 
1644 
1645 // Copy cpool bytes.
1646 // Returns:
1647 //    0, in case of OutOfMemoryError
1648 //   -1, in case of internal error
1649 //  > 0, count of the raw cpool bytes that have been copied
1650 int ConstantPool::copy_cpool_bytes(int cpool_size,
1651                                           SymbolHashMap* tbl,
1652                                           unsigned char *bytes) {
1653   u2   idx1, idx2;
1654   jint size  = 0;
1655   jint cnt   = length();
1656   unsigned char *start_bytes = bytes;
1657 
1658   for (jint idx = 1; idx < cnt; idx++) {
1659     u1   tag      = tag_at(idx).value();
1660     jint ent_size = cpool_entry_size(idx);
1661 
1662     assert(size + ent_size <= cpool_size, "Size mismatch");
1663 
1664     *bytes = tag;
1665     DBG(printf("#%03hd tag=%03hd, ", idx, tag));
1666     switch(tag) {
1667       case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: {
1668         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid"));
1669         break;
1670       }
1671       case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode: {
1672         assert(false, "Wrong constant pool tag: JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode");
1673         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode"));
1674         break;
1675       }
1676       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
1677         Symbol* sym = symbol_at(idx);
1678         char*     str = sym->as_utf8();
1679         // Warning! It's crashing on x86 with len = sym->utf8_length()
1680         int       len = (int) strlen(str);
1681         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), (u2) len);
1682         for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
1683             bytes[3+i] = (u1) str[i];
1684         }
1685         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: %s ", str));
1686         break;
1687       }
1688       case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer: {
1689         jint val = int_at(idx);
1690         Bytes::put_Java_u4((address) (bytes+1), *(u4*)&val);
1691         break;
1692       }
1693       case JVM_CONSTANT_Float: {
1694         jfloat val = float_at(idx);
1695         Bytes::put_Java_u4((address) (bytes+1), *(u4*)&val);
1696         break;
1697       }
1698       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long: {
1699         jlong val = long_at(idx);
1700         Bytes::put_Java_u8((address) (bytes+1), *(u8*)&val);
1701         idx++;             // Long takes two cpool slots
1702         break;
1703       }
1704       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
1705         jdouble val = double_at(idx);
1706         Bytes::put_Java_u8((address) (bytes+1), *(u8*)&val);
1707         idx++;             // Double takes two cpool slots
1708         break;
1709       }
1710       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1711       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1712       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
1713         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_Class;
1714         Symbol* sym = klass_name_at(idx);
1715         idx1 = tbl->symbol_to_value(sym);
1716         assert(idx1 != 0, "Have not found a hashtable entry");
1717         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1718         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Class: idx=#%03hd, %s", idx1, sym->as_utf8()));
1719         break;
1720       }
1721       case JVM_CONSTANT_String: {
1722         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_String;
1723         Symbol* sym = unresolved_string_at(idx);
1724         idx1 = tbl->symbol_to_value(sym);
1725         assert(idx1 != 0, "Have not found a hashtable entry");
1726         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1727         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_String: idx=#%03hd, %s", idx1, sym->as_utf8()));
1728         break;
1729       }
1730       case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1731       case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1732       case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: {
1733         idx1 = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(idx);
1734         idx2 = uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx);
1735         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1736         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
1737         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref: %hd %hd", idx1, idx2));
1738         break;
1739       }
1740       case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType: {
1741         idx1 = name_ref_index_at(idx);
1742         idx2 = signature_ref_index_at(idx);
1743         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1744         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
1745         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType: %hd %hd", idx1, idx2));
1746         break;
1747       }
1748       case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: {
1749         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_Class;
1750         idx1 = klass_index_at(idx);
1751         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1752         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: %hd", idx1));
1753         break;
1754       }
1755       case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: {
1756         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_String;
1757         idx1 = string_index_at(idx);
1758         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1759         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: %hd", idx1));
1760         break;
1761       }
1762       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1763       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError: {
1764         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle;
1765         int kind = method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(idx);
1766         idx1 = method_handle_index_at_error_ok(idx);
1767         *(bytes+1) = (unsigned char) kind;
1768         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+2), idx1);
1769         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle: %d %hd", kind, idx1));
1770         break;
1771       }
1772       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1773       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError: {
1774         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType;
1775         idx1 = method_type_index_at_error_ok(idx);
1776         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1777         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType: %hd", idx1));
1778         break;
1779       }
1780       case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic: {
1781         *bytes = tag;
1782         idx1 = extract_low_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
1783         idx2 = extract_high_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
1784         assert(idx2 == invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx), "correct half of u4");
1785         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
1786         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
1787         DBG(printf("JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic: %hd %hd", idx1, idx2));
1788         break;
1789       }
1790     }
1791     DBG(printf("\n"));
1792     bytes += ent_size;
1793     size  += ent_size;
1794   }
1795   assert(size == cpool_size, "Size mismatch");
1796 
1797   // Keep temorarily for debugging until it's stable.
1798   DBG(print_cpool_bytes(cnt, start_bytes));
1799   return (int)(bytes - start_bytes);
1800 } /* end copy_cpool_bytes */
1801 
1802 #undef DBG
1803 
1804 
1805 void ConstantPool::set_on_stack(const bool value) {
1806   if (value) {
1807     // Only record if it's not already set.
1808     if (!on_stack()) {
1809       _flags |= _on_stack;
1810       MetadataOnStackMark::record(this);
1811     }
1812   } else {
1813     // Clearing is done single-threadedly.
1814     _flags &= ~_on_stack;
1815   }
1816 }
1817 
1818 // JSR 292 support for patching constant pool oops after the class is linked and
1819 // the oop array for resolved references are created.
1820 // We can't do this during classfile parsing, which is how the other indexes are
1821 // patched.  The other patches are applied early for some error checking
1822 // so only defer the pseudo_strings.
1823 void ConstantPool::patch_resolved_references(GrowableArray<Handle>* cp_patches) {
1824   for (int index = 1; index < cp_patches->length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
1825     Handle patch = cp_patches->at(index);
1826     if (patch.not_null()) {
1827       assert (tag_at(index).is_string(), "should only be string left");
1828       // Patching a string means pre-resolving it.
1829       // The spelling in the constant pool is ignored.
1830       // The constant reference may be any object whatever.
1831       // If it is not a real interned string, the constant is referred
1832       // to as a "pseudo-string", and must be presented to the CP
1833       // explicitly, because it may require scavenging.
1834       int obj_index = cp_to_object_index(index);
1835       pseudo_string_at_put(index, obj_index, patch());
1836      DEBUG_ONLY(cp_patches->at_put(index, Handle());)
1837     }
1838   }
1839 #ifdef ASSERT
1840   // Ensure that all the patches have been used.
1841   for (int index = 0; index < cp_patches->length(); index++) {
1842     assert(cp_patches->at(index).is_null(),
1843            "Unused constant pool patch at %d in class file %s",
1844            index,
1845            pool_holder()->external_name());
1846   }
1847 #endif // ASSERT
1848 }
1849 
1850 #ifndef PRODUCT
1851 
1852 // CompileTheWorld support. Preload all classes loaded references in the passed in constantpool
1853 void ConstantPool::preload_and_initialize_all_classes(ConstantPool* obj, TRAPS) {
1854   guarantee(obj->is_constantPool(), "object must be constant pool");
1855   constantPoolHandle cp(THREAD, (ConstantPool*)obj);
1856   guarantee(cp->pool_holder() != NULL, "must be fully loaded");
1857 
1858   for (int i = 0; i< cp->length();  i++) {
1859     if (cp->tag_at(i).is_unresolved_klass()) {
1860       // This will force loading of the class
1861       Klass* klass = cp->klass_at(i, CHECK);
1862       if (klass->is_instance_klass()) {
1863         // Force initialization of class
1864         InstanceKlass::cast(klass)->initialize(CHECK);
1865       }
1866     }
1867   }
1868 }
1869 
1870 #endif
1871 
1872 
1873 // Printing
1874 
1875 void ConstantPool::print_on(outputStream* st) const {
1876   assert(is_constantPool(), "must be constantPool");
1877   st->print_cr("%s", internal_name());
1878   if (flags() != 0) {
1879     st->print(" - flags: 0x%x", flags());
1880     if (has_preresolution()) st->print(" has_preresolution");
1881     if (on_stack()) st->print(" on_stack");
1882     st->cr();
1883   }
1884   if (pool_holder() != NULL) {
1885     st->print_cr(" - holder: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(pool_holder()));
1886   }
1887   st->print_cr(" - cache: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(cache()));
1888   st->print_cr(" - resolved_references: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(resolved_references()));
1889   st->print_cr(" - reference_map: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(reference_map()));
1890 
1891   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) {      // Index 0 is unused
1892     ((ConstantPool*)this)->print_entry_on(index, st);
1893     switch (tag_at(index).value()) {
1894       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long :
1895       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double :
1896         index++;   // Skip entry following eigth-byte constant
1897     }
1898 
1899   }
1900   st->cr();
1901 }
1902 
1903 // Print one constant pool entry
1904 void ConstantPool::print_entry_on(const int index, outputStream* st) {
1905   EXCEPTION_MARK;
1906   st->print(" - %3d : ", index);
1907   tag_at(index).print_on(st);
1908   st->print(" : ");
1909   switch (tag_at(index).value()) {
1910     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class :
1911       { Klass* k = klass_at(index, CATCH);
1912         guarantee(k != NULL, "need klass");
1913         k->print_value_on(st);
1914         st->print(" {" PTR_FORMAT "}", p2i(k));
1915       }
1916       break;
1917     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref :
1918     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref :
1919     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref :
1920       st->print("klass_index=%d", uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index));
1921       st->print(" name_and_type_index=%d", uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index));
1922       break;
1923     case JVM_CONSTANT_String :
1924       if (is_pseudo_string_at(index)) {
1925         oop anObj = pseudo_string_at(index);
1926         anObj->print_value_on(st);
1927         st->print(" {" PTR_FORMAT "}", p2i(anObj));
1928       } else {
1929         unresolved_string_at(index)->print_value_on(st);
1930       }
1931       break;
1932     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer :
1933       st->print("%d", int_at(index));
1934       break;
1935     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float :
1936       st->print("%f", float_at(index));
1937       break;
1938     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long :
1939       st->print_jlong(long_at(index));
1940       break;
1941     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double :
1942       st->print("%lf", double_at(index));
1943       break;
1944     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType :
1945       st->print("name_index=%d", name_ref_index_at(index));
1946       st->print(" signature_index=%d", signature_ref_index_at(index));
1947       break;
1948     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8 :
1949       symbol_at(index)->print_value_on(st);
1950       break;
1951     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass :               // fall-through
1952     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
1953       CPSlot entry = slot_at(index);
1954       if (entry.is_resolved()) {
1955         entry.get_klass()->print_value_on(st);
1956       } else {
1957         entry.get_symbol()->print_value_on(st);
1958       }
1959       }
1960       break;
1961     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle :
1962     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError :
1963       st->print("ref_kind=%d", method_handle_ref_kind_at_error_ok(index));
1964       st->print(" ref_index=%d", method_handle_index_at_error_ok(index));
1965       break;
1966     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType :
1967     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError :
1968       st->print("signature_index=%d", method_type_index_at_error_ok(index));
1969       break;
1970     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic :
1971       {
1972         st->print("bootstrap_method_index=%d", invoke_dynamic_bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(index));
1973         st->print(" name_and_type_index=%d", invoke_dynamic_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index));
1974         int argc = invoke_dynamic_argument_count_at(index);
1975         if (argc > 0) {
1976           for (int arg_i = 0; arg_i < argc; arg_i++) {
1977             int arg = invoke_dynamic_argument_index_at(index, arg_i);
1978             st->print((arg_i == 0 ? " arguments={%d" : ", %d"), arg);
1979           }
1980           st->print("}");
1981         }
1982       }
1983       break;
1984     default:
1985       ShouldNotReachHere();
1986       break;
1987   }
1988   st->cr();
1989 }
1990 
1991 void ConstantPool::print_value_on(outputStream* st) const {
1992   assert(is_constantPool(), "must be constantPool");
1993   st->print("constant pool [%d]", length());
1994   if (has_preresolution()) st->print("/preresolution");
1995   if (operands() != NULL)  st->print("/operands[%d]", operands()->length());
1996   print_address_on(st);
1997   st->print(" for ");
1998   pool_holder()->print_value_on(st);
1999   if (pool_holder() != NULL) {
2000     bool extra = (pool_holder()->constants() != this);
2001     if (extra)  st->print(" (extra)");
2002   }
2003   if (cache() != NULL) {
2004     st->print(" cache=" PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cache()));
2005   }
2006 }
2007 
2008 #if INCLUDE_SERVICES
2009 // Size Statistics
2010 void ConstantPool::collect_statistics(KlassSizeStats *sz) const {
2011   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_bytes          = sz->count(this));
2012   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_tags_bytes     = sz->count_array(tags()));
2013   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_cache_bytes    = sz->count(cache()));
2014   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_operands_bytes = sz->count_array(operands()));
2015   sz->_cp_all_bytes += (sz->_cp_refmap_bytes   = sz->count_array(reference_map()));
2016 
2017   sz->_ro_bytes += sz->_cp_operands_bytes + sz->_cp_tags_bytes +
2018                    sz->_cp_refmap_bytes;
2019   sz->_rw_bytes += sz->_cp_bytes + sz->_cp_cache_bytes;
2020 }
2021 #endif // INCLUDE_SERVICES
2022 
2023 // Verification
2024 
2025 void ConstantPool::verify_on(outputStream* st) {
2026   guarantee(is_constantPool(), "object must be constant pool");
2027   for (int i = 0; i< length();  i++) {
2028     constantTag tag = tag_at(i);
2029     CPSlot entry = slot_at(i);
2030     if (tag.is_klass()) {
2031       if (entry.is_resolved()) {
2032         guarantee(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(),    "should be klass");
2033       }
2034     } else if (tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {
2035       if (entry.is_resolved()) {
2036         guarantee(entry.get_klass()->is_klass(),    "should be klass");
2037       }
2038     } else if (tag.is_symbol()) {
2039       guarantee(entry.get_symbol()->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2040     } else if (tag.is_string()) {
2041       guarantee(entry.get_symbol()->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2042     }
2043   }
2044   if (cache() != NULL) {
2045     // Note: cache() can be NULL before a class is completely setup or
2046     // in temporary constant pools used during constant pool merging
2047     guarantee(cache()->is_constantPoolCache(), "should be constant pool cache");
2048   }
2049   if (pool_holder() != NULL) {
2050     // Note: pool_holder() can be NULL in temporary constant pools
2051     // used during constant pool merging
2052     guarantee(pool_holder()->is_klass(),    "should be klass");
2053   }
2054 }
2055 
2056 
2057 void SymbolHashMap::add_entry(Symbol* sym, u2 value) {
2058   char *str = sym->as_utf8();
2059   unsigned int hash = compute_hash(str, sym->utf8_length());
2060   unsigned int index = hash % table_size();
2061 
2062   // check if already in map
2063   // we prefer the first entry since it is more likely to be what was used in
2064   // the class file
2065   for (SymbolHashMapEntry *en = bucket(index); en != NULL; en = en->next()) {
2066     assert(en->symbol() != NULL, "SymbolHashMapEntry symbol is NULL");
2067     if (en->hash() == hash && en->symbol() == sym) {
2068         return;  // already there
2069     }
2070   }
2071 
2072   SymbolHashMapEntry* entry = new SymbolHashMapEntry(hash, sym, value);
2073   entry->set_next(bucket(index));
2074   _buckets[index].set_entry(entry);
2075   assert(entry->symbol() != NULL, "SymbolHashMapEntry symbol is NULL");
2076 }
2077 
2078 SymbolHashMapEntry* SymbolHashMap::find_entry(Symbol* sym) {
2079   assert(sym != NULL, "SymbolHashMap::find_entry - symbol is NULL");
2080   char *str = sym->as_utf8();
2081   int   len = sym->utf8_length();
2082   unsigned int hash = SymbolHashMap::compute_hash(str, len);
2083   unsigned int index = hash % table_size();
2084   for (SymbolHashMapEntry *en = bucket(index); en != NULL; en = en->next()) {
2085     assert(en->symbol() != NULL, "SymbolHashMapEntry symbol is NULL");
2086     if (en->hash() == hash && en->symbol() == sym) {
2087       return en;
2088     }
2089   }
2090   return NULL;
2091 }