1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  32 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  33 #include "code/dependencies.hpp"
  34 #include "gc/shared/cardTableModRefBS.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/shared/gcLocker.inline.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/shared/genCollectedHeap.hpp"
  38 #include "gc/shared/generation.hpp"
  39 #include "gc/shared/gcTraceTime.inline.hpp"
  40 #include "gc/shared/space.hpp"
  41 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
  42 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  43 #include "memory/filemap.hpp"
  44 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  45 #include "memory/metaspaceShared.hpp"
  46 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  47 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  48 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  49 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
  50 #include "oops/constantPool.hpp"
  51 #include "oops/instanceClassLoaderKlass.hpp"
  52 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  53 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
  54 #include "oops/instanceRefKlass.hpp"
  55 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  56 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  57 #include "oops/typeArrayKlass.hpp"
  58 #include "prims/jvmtiRedefineClassesTrace.hpp"
  59 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  60 #include "runtime/atomic.inline.hpp"
  61 #include "runtime/commandLineFlagConstraintList.hpp"
  62 #include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"
  63 #include "runtime/fprofiler.hpp"
  64 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  65 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  67 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/synchronizer.hpp"
  70 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
  71 #include "runtime/timerTrace.hpp"
  72 #include "runtime/vm_operations.hpp"
  73 #include "services/memoryService.hpp"
  74 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  75 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
  76 #include "utilities/hashtable.inline.hpp"
  77 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  78 #include "utilities/ostream.hpp"
  79 #include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"
  80 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  81 #include "gc/cms/cmsCollectorPolicy.hpp"
  82 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  83 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectorPolicy.hpp"
  84 #include "gc/parallel/parallelScavengeHeap.hpp"
  85 #include "gc/shared/adaptiveSizePolicy.hpp"
  86 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  87 #if INCLUDE_CDS
  88 #include "classfile/sharedClassUtil.hpp"
  89 #endif
  90 
  91 // Known objects
  92 Klass* Universe::_boolArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  93 Klass* Universe::_byteArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  94 Klass* Universe::_charArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  95 Klass* Universe::_intArrayKlassObj                  = NULL;
  96 Klass* Universe::_shortArrayKlassObj                = NULL;
  97 Klass* Universe::_longArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  98 Klass* Universe::_singleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
  99 Klass* Universe::_doubleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
 100 Klass* Universe::_typeArrayKlassObjs[T_VOID+1]      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
 101 Klass* Universe::_objectArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
 102 oop Universe::_int_mirror                             = NULL;
 103 oop Universe::_float_mirror                           = NULL;
 104 oop Universe::_double_mirror                          = NULL;
 105 oop Universe::_byte_mirror                            = NULL;
 106 oop Universe::_bool_mirror                            = NULL;
 107 oop Universe::_char_mirror                            = NULL;
 108 oop Universe::_long_mirror                            = NULL;
 109 oop Universe::_short_mirror                           = NULL;
 110 oop Universe::_void_mirror                            = NULL;
 111 oop Universe::_mirrors[T_VOID+1]                      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
 112 oop Universe::_main_thread_group                      = NULL;
 113 oop Universe::_system_thread_group                    = NULL;
 114 objArrayOop Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array    = NULL;
 115 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_array_interfaces_array = NULL;
 116 oop Universe::_the_null_string                        = NULL;
 117 oop Universe::_the_min_jint_string                   = NULL;
 118 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = NULL;
 119 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = NULL;
 120 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = NULL;
 121 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = NULL;
 122 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_do_stack_walk_cache     = NULL;
 123 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap          = NULL;
 124 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace          = NULL;
 125 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace    = NULL;
 126 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size         = NULL;
 127 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit  = NULL;
 128 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects    = NULL;
 129 oop Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message   = NULL;
 130 objArrayOop Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = NULL;
 131 volatile jint Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = 0;
 132 bool Universe::_verify_in_progress                    = false;
 133 long Universe::verify_flags                           = Universe::Verify_All;
 134 oop Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance            = NULL;
 135 oop Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance          = NULL;
 136 oop Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance         = NULL;
 137 oop Universe::_vm_exception                           = NULL;
 138 oop Universe::_allocation_context_notification_obj    = NULL;
 139 
 140 Array<int>* Universe::_the_empty_int_array            = NULL;
 141 Array<u2>* Universe::_the_empty_short_array           = NULL;
 142 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_empty_klass_array     = NULL;
 143 Array<Method*>* Universe::_the_empty_method_array   = NULL;
 144 
 145 // These variables are guarded by FullGCALot_lock.
 146 debug_only(objArrayOop Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;)
 147 debug_only(int Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_next      = 0;)
 148 
 149 // Heap
 150 int             Universe::_verify_count = 0;
 151 
 152 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
 153 uintptr_t       Universe::_verify_oop_mask = 0;
 154 uintptr_t       Universe::_verify_oop_bits = (uintptr_t) -1;
 155 
 156 int             Universe::_base_vtable_size = 0;
 157 bool            Universe::_bootstrapping = false;
 158 bool            Universe::_module_initialized = false;
 159 bool            Universe::_fully_initialized = false;
 160 
 161 size_t          Universe::_heap_capacity_at_last_gc;
 162 size_t          Universe::_heap_used_at_last_gc = 0;
 163 
 164 CollectedHeap*  Universe::_collectedHeap = NULL;
 165 
 166 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_oop = { NULL, 0, true };
 167 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_klass = { NULL, 0, true };
 168 address Universe::_narrow_ptrs_base;
 169 
 170 void Universe::basic_type_classes_do(void f(Klass*)) {
 171   f(boolArrayKlassObj());
 172   f(byteArrayKlassObj());
 173   f(charArrayKlassObj());
 174   f(intArrayKlassObj());
 175   f(shortArrayKlassObj());
 176   f(longArrayKlassObj());
 177   f(singleArrayKlassObj());
 178   f(doubleArrayKlassObj());
 179 }
 180 
 181 void Universe::oops_do(OopClosure* f, bool do_all) {
 182 
 183   f->do_oop((oop*) &_int_mirror);
 184   f->do_oop((oop*) &_float_mirror);
 185   f->do_oop((oop*) &_double_mirror);
 186   f->do_oop((oop*) &_byte_mirror);
 187   f->do_oop((oop*) &_bool_mirror);
 188   f->do_oop((oop*) &_char_mirror);
 189   f->do_oop((oop*) &_long_mirror);
 190   f->do_oop((oop*) &_short_mirror);
 191   f->do_oop((oop*) &_void_mirror);
 192 
 193   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 194     f->do_oop((oop*) &_mirrors[i]);
 195   }
 196   assert(_mirrors[0] == NULL && _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN - 1] == NULL, "checking");
 197 
 198   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_empty_class_klass_array);
 199   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_null_string);
 200   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_min_jint_string);
 201   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_java_heap);
 202   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_metaspace);
 203   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace);
 204   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_array_size);
 205   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit);
 206   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects);
 207   f->do_oop((oop*)&_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message);
 208   f->do_oop((oop*)&_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array);
 209   f->do_oop((oop*)&_null_ptr_exception_instance);
 210   f->do_oop((oop*)&_arithmetic_exception_instance);
 211   f->do_oop((oop*)&_virtual_machine_error_instance);
 212   f->do_oop((oop*)&_main_thread_group);
 213   f->do_oop((oop*)&_system_thread_group);
 214   f->do_oop((oop*)&_vm_exception);
 215   f->do_oop((oop*)&_allocation_context_notification_obj);
 216   debug_only(f->do_oop((oop*)&_fullgc_alot_dummy_array);)
 217 }
 218 
 219 // Serialize metadata in and out of CDS archive, not oops.
 220 void Universe::serialize(SerializeClosure* f, bool do_all) {
 221 
 222   f->do_ptr((void**)&_boolArrayKlassObj);
 223   f->do_ptr((void**)&_byteArrayKlassObj);
 224   f->do_ptr((void**)&_charArrayKlassObj);
 225   f->do_ptr((void**)&_intArrayKlassObj);
 226   f->do_ptr((void**)&_shortArrayKlassObj);
 227   f->do_ptr((void**)&_longArrayKlassObj);
 228   f->do_ptr((void**)&_singleArrayKlassObj);
 229   f->do_ptr((void**)&_doubleArrayKlassObj);
 230   f->do_ptr((void**)&_objectArrayKlassObj);
 231 
 232   {
 233     for (int i = 0; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 234       if (_typeArrayKlassObjs[i] != NULL) {
 235         assert(i >= T_BOOLEAN, "checking");
 236         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 237       } else if (do_all) {
 238         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 239       }
 240     }
 241   }
 242 
 243   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_array_interfaces_array);
 244   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_int_array);
 245   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_short_array);
 246   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_method_array);
 247   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_klass_array);
 248   _finalizer_register_cache->serialize(f);
 249   _loader_addClass_cache->serialize(f);
 250   _pd_implies_cache->serialize(f);
 251   _throw_illegal_access_error_cache->serialize(f);
 252   _do_stack_walk_cache->serialize(f);
 253 }
 254 
 255 void Universe::check_alignment(uintx size, uintx alignment, const char* name) {
 256   if (size < alignment || size % alignment != 0) {
 257     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 258       err_msg("Size of %s (" UINTX_FORMAT " bytes) must be aligned to " UINTX_FORMAT " bytes", name, size, alignment));
 259   }
 260 }
 261 
 262 void initialize_basic_type_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 263   Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 264   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 265     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 266     assert(k->super() == ok, "u3");
 267     k->restore_unshareable_info(loader_data, Handle(), CHECK);
 268   } else {
 269     k->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);
 270   }
 271   k->append_to_sibling_list();
 272 }
 273 
 274 void Universe::genesis(TRAPS) {
 275   ResourceMark rm;
 276 
 277   { FlagSetting fs(_bootstrapping, true);
 278 
 279     { MutexLocker mc(Compile_lock);
 280 
 281       // determine base vtable size; without that we cannot create the array klasses
 282       compute_base_vtable_size();
 283 
 284       if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 285         _boolArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BOOLEAN, sizeof(jboolean), CHECK);
 286         _charArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_CHAR,    sizeof(jchar),    CHECK);
 287         _singleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_FLOAT,   sizeof(jfloat),   CHECK);
 288         _doubleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_DOUBLE,  sizeof(jdouble),  CHECK);
 289         _byteArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BYTE,    sizeof(jbyte),    CHECK);
 290         _shortArrayKlassObj     = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_SHORT,   sizeof(jshort),   CHECK);
 291         _intArrayKlassObj       = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_INT,     sizeof(jint),     CHECK);
 292         _longArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_LONG,    sizeof(jlong),    CHECK);
 293 
 294         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BOOLEAN] = _boolArrayKlassObj;
 295         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_CHAR]    = _charArrayKlassObj;
 296         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_FLOAT]   = _singleArrayKlassObj;
 297         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_DOUBLE]  = _doubleArrayKlassObj;
 298         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BYTE]    = _byteArrayKlassObj;
 299         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_SHORT]   = _shortArrayKlassObj;
 300         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_INT]     = _intArrayKlassObj;
 301         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_LONG]    = _longArrayKlassObj;
 302 
 303         ClassLoaderData* null_cld = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 304 
 305         _the_array_interfaces_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 2, NULL, CHECK);
 306         _the_empty_int_array        = MetadataFactory::new_array<int>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 307         _the_empty_short_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 308         _the_empty_method_array     = MetadataFactory::new_array<Method*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 309         _the_empty_klass_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 310       }
 311     }
 312 
 313     vmSymbols::initialize(CHECK);
 314 
 315     SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK);
 316 
 317     Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 318 
 319     _the_null_string            = StringTable::intern("null", CHECK);
 320     _the_min_jint_string       = StringTable::intern("-2147483648", CHECK);
 321 
 322     if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 323       // Verify shared interfaces array.
 324       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(0) ==
 325              SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass(), "u3");
 326       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(1) ==
 327              SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass(), "u3");
 328       MetaspaceShared::fixup_shared_string_regions();
 329     } else {
 330       // Set up shared interfaces array.  (Do this before supers are set up.)
 331       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(0, SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass());
 332       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(1, SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass());
 333     }
 334 
 335     initialize_basic_type_klass(boolArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 336     initialize_basic_type_klass(charArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 337     initialize_basic_type_klass(singleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 338     initialize_basic_type_klass(doubleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 339     initialize_basic_type_klass(byteArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 340     initialize_basic_type_klass(shortArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 341     initialize_basic_type_klass(intArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 342     initialize_basic_type_klass(longArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 343   } // end of core bootstrapping
 344 
 345   // Maybe this could be lifted up now that object array can be initialized
 346   // during the bootstrapping.
 347 
 348   // OLD
 349   // Initialize _objectArrayKlass after core bootstraping to make
 350   // sure the super class is set up properly for _objectArrayKlass.
 351   // ---
 352   // NEW
 353   // Since some of the old system object arrays have been converted to
 354   // ordinary object arrays, _objectArrayKlass will be loaded when
 355   // SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK); is run. See the extra check
 356   // for Object_klass_loaded in objArrayKlassKlass::allocate_objArray_klass_impl.
 357   _objectArrayKlassObj = InstanceKlass::
 358     cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass())->array_klass(1, CHECK);
 359   // OLD
 360   // Add the class to the class hierarchy manually to make sure that
 361   // its vtable is initialized after core bootstrapping is completed.
 362   // ---
 363   // New
 364   // Have already been initialized.
 365   _objectArrayKlassObj->append_to_sibling_list();
 366 
 367   #ifdef ASSERT
 368   if (FullGCALot) {
 369     // Allocate an array of dummy objects.
 370     // We'd like these to be at the bottom of the old generation,
 371     // so that when we free one and then collect,
 372     // (almost) the whole heap moves
 373     // and we find out if we actually update all the oops correctly.
 374     // But we can't allocate directly in the old generation,
 375     // so we allocate wherever, and hope that the first collection
 376     // moves these objects to the bottom of the old generation.
 377     // We can allocate directly in the permanent generation, so we do.
 378     int size;
 379     if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 380       log_warning(gc)("Using +FullGCALot with concurrent mark sweep gc will not force all objects to relocate");
 381       size = FullGCALotDummies;
 382     } else {
 383       size = FullGCALotDummies * 2;
 384     }
 385     objArrayOop    naked_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), size, CHECK);
 386     objArrayHandle dummy_array(THREAD, naked_array);
 387     int i = 0;
 388     while (i < size) {
 389         // Allocate dummy in old generation
 390       oop dummy = SystemDictionary::Object_klass()->allocate_instance(CHECK);
 391       dummy_array->obj_at_put(i++, dummy);
 392     }
 393     {
 394       // Only modify the global variable inside the mutex.
 395       // If we had a race to here, the other dummy_array instances
 396       // and their elements just get dropped on the floor, which is fine.
 397       MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
 398       if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array == NULL) {
 399         _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = dummy_array();
 400       }
 401     }
 402     assert(i == _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length(), "just checking");
 403   }
 404   #endif
 405 
 406   // Initialize dependency array for null class loader
 407   ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data()->init_dependencies(CHECK);
 408 
 409 }
 410 
 411 // CDS support for patching vtables in metadata in the shared archive.
 412 // All types inherited from Metadata have vtables, but not types inherited
 413 // from MetaspaceObj, because the latter does not have virtual functions.
 414 // If the metadata type has a vtable, it cannot be shared in the read-only
 415 // section of the CDS archive, because the vtable pointer is patched.
 416 static inline void add_vtable(void** list, int* n, void* o, int count) {
 417   guarantee((*n) < count, "vtable list too small");
 418   void* vtable = dereference_vptr(o);
 419   assert(*(void**)(vtable) != NULL, "invalid vtable");
 420   list[(*n)++] = vtable;
 421 }
 422 
 423 void Universe::init_self_patching_vtbl_list(void** list, int count) {
 424   int n = 0;
 425   { InstanceKlass o;          add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 426   { InstanceClassLoaderKlass o; add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 427   { InstanceMirrorKlass o;    add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 428   { InstanceRefKlass o;       add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 429   { TypeArrayKlass o;         add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 430   { ObjArrayKlass o;          add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 431   { Method o;                 add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 432   { ConstantPool o;           add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 433 }
 434 
 435 void Universe::initialize_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 436     assert(_int_mirror==NULL, "basic type mirrors already initialized");
 437     _int_mirror     =
 438       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("int",    T_INT, CHECK);
 439     _float_mirror   =
 440       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("float",  T_FLOAT,   CHECK);
 441     _double_mirror  =
 442       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("double", T_DOUBLE,  CHECK);
 443     _byte_mirror    =
 444       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("byte",   T_BYTE, CHECK);
 445     _bool_mirror    =
 446       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("boolean",T_BOOLEAN, CHECK);
 447     _char_mirror    =
 448       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("char",   T_CHAR, CHECK);
 449     _long_mirror    =
 450       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("long",   T_LONG, CHECK);
 451     _short_mirror   =
 452       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("short",  T_SHORT,   CHECK);
 453     _void_mirror    =
 454       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("void",   T_VOID, CHECK);
 455 
 456     _mirrors[T_INT]     = _int_mirror;
 457     _mirrors[T_FLOAT]   = _float_mirror;
 458     _mirrors[T_DOUBLE]  = _double_mirror;
 459     _mirrors[T_BYTE]    = _byte_mirror;
 460     _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN] = _bool_mirror;
 461     _mirrors[T_CHAR]    = _char_mirror;
 462     _mirrors[T_LONG]    = _long_mirror;
 463     _mirrors[T_SHORT]   = _short_mirror;
 464     _mirrors[T_VOID]    = _void_mirror;
 465   //_mirrors[T_OBJECT]  = _object_klass->java_mirror();
 466   //_mirrors[T_ARRAY]   = _object_klass->java_mirror();
 467 }
 468 
 469 void Universe::fixup_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 470   // Bootstrap problem: all classes gets a mirror (java.lang.Class instance) assigned eagerly,
 471   // but we cannot do that for classes created before java.lang.Class is loaded. Here we simply
 472   // walk over permanent objects created so far (mostly classes) and fixup their mirrors. Note
 473   // that the number of objects allocated at this point is very small.
 474   assert(SystemDictionary::Class_klass_loaded(), "java.lang.Class should be loaded");
 475   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 476   // Cache the start of the static fields
 477   InstanceMirrorKlass::init_offset_of_static_fields();
 478 
 479   GrowableArray <Klass*>* list = java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 480   int list_length = list->length();
 481   for (int i = 0; i < list_length; i++) {
 482     Klass* k = list->at(i);
 483     assert(k->is_klass(), "List should only hold classes");
 484     EXCEPTION_MARK;
 485     KlassHandle kh(THREAD, k);
 486     java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror(kh, CATCH);
 487 }
 488   delete java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 489   java_lang_Class::set_fixup_mirror_list(NULL);
 490 }
 491 
 492 static bool has_run_finalizers_on_exit = false;
 493 
 494 void Universe::run_finalizers_on_exit() {
 495   if (has_run_finalizers_on_exit) return;
 496   has_run_finalizers_on_exit = true;
 497 
 498   // Called on VM exit. This ought to be run in a separate thread.
 499   log_trace(ref)("Callback to run finalizers on exit");
 500   {
 501     PRESERVE_EXCEPTION_MARK;
 502     KlassHandle finalizer_klass(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass());
 503     JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 504     JavaCalls::call_static(
 505       &result,
 506       finalizer_klass,
 507       vmSymbols::run_finalizers_on_exit_name(),
 508       vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
 509       THREAD
 510     );
 511     // Ignore any pending exceptions
 512     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 513   }
 514 }
 515 
 516 
 517 // initialize_vtable could cause gc if
 518 // 1) we specified true to initialize_vtable and
 519 // 2) this ran after gc was enabled
 520 // In case those ever change we use handles for oops
 521 void Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(KlassHandle k_h, TRAPS) {
 522   // init vtable of k and all subclasses
 523   Klass* ko = k_h();
 524   klassVtable* vt = ko->vtable();
 525   if (vt) vt->initialize_vtable(false, CHECK);
 526   if (ko->is_instance_klass()) {
 527     for (KlassHandle s_h(THREAD, ko->subklass());
 528          s_h() != NULL;
 529          s_h = KlassHandle(THREAD, s_h()->next_sibling())) {
 530       reinitialize_vtable_of(s_h, CHECK);
 531     }
 532   }
 533 }
 534 
 535 
 536 void initialize_itable_for_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 537   InstanceKlass::cast(k)->itable()->initialize_itable(false, CHECK);
 538 }
 539 
 540 
 541 void Universe::reinitialize_itables(TRAPS) {
 542   SystemDictionary::classes_do(initialize_itable_for_klass, CHECK);
 543 
 544 }
 545 
 546 
 547 bool Universe::on_page_boundary(void* addr) {
 548   return ((uintptr_t) addr) % os::vm_page_size() == 0;
 549 }
 550 
 551 
 552 bool Universe::should_fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable) {
 553   // never attempt to fill in the stack trace of preallocated errors that do not have
 554   // backtrace. These errors are kept alive forever and may be "re-used" when all
 555   // preallocated errors with backtrace have been consumed. Also need to avoid
 556   // a potential loop which could happen if an out of memory occurs when attempting
 557   // to allocate the backtrace.
 558   return ((throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap) &&
 559           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace)  &&
 560           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace)  &&
 561           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size) &&
 562           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit) &&
 563           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects));
 564 }
 565 
 566 
 567 oop Universe::gen_out_of_memory_error(oop default_err) {
 568   // generate an out of memory error:
 569   // - if there is a preallocated error with backtrace available then return it wth
 570   //   a filled in stack trace.
 571   // - if there are no preallocated errors with backtrace available then return
 572   //   an error without backtrace.
 573   int next;
 574   if (_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count > 0) {
 575     next = (int)Atomic::add(-1, &_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count);
 576     assert(next < (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount, "avail count is corrupt");
 577   } else {
 578     next = -1;
 579   }
 580   if (next < 0) {
 581     // all preallocated errors have been used.
 582     // return default
 583     return default_err;
 584   } else {
 585     // get the error object at the slot and set set it to NULL so that the
 586     // array isn't keeping it alive anymore.
 587     oop exc = preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(next);
 588     assert(exc != NULL, "slot has been used already");
 589     preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(next, NULL);
 590 
 591     // use the message from the default error
 592     oop msg = java_lang_Throwable::message(default_err);
 593     assert(msg != NULL, "no message");
 594     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(exc, msg);
 595 
 596     // populate the stack trace and return it.
 597     java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace_of_preallocated_backtrace(exc);
 598     return exc;
 599   }
 600 }
 601 
 602 intptr_t Universe::_non_oop_bits = 0;
 603 
 604 void* Universe::non_oop_word() {
 605   // Neither the high bits nor the low bits of this value is allowed
 606   // to look like (respectively) the high or low bits of a real oop.
 607   //
 608   // High and low are CPU-specific notions, but low always includes
 609   // the low-order bit.  Since oops are always aligned at least mod 4,
 610   // setting the low-order bit will ensure that the low half of the
 611   // word will never look like that of a real oop.
 612   //
 613   // Using the OS-supplied non-memory-address word (usually 0 or -1)
 614   // will take care of the high bits, however many there are.
 615 
 616   if (_non_oop_bits == 0) {
 617     _non_oop_bits = (intptr_t)os::non_memory_address_word() | 1;
 618   }
 619 
 620   return (void*)_non_oop_bits;
 621 }
 622 
 623 jint universe_init() {
 624   assert(!Universe::_fully_initialized, "called after initialize_vtables");
 625   guarantee(1 << LogHeapWordSize == sizeof(HeapWord),
 626          "LogHeapWordSize is incorrect.");
 627   guarantee(sizeof(oop) >= sizeof(HeapWord), "HeapWord larger than oop?");
 628   guarantee(sizeof(oop) % sizeof(HeapWord) == 0,
 629             "oop size is not not a multiple of HeapWord size");
 630 
 631   TraceTime timer("Genesis", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
 632 
 633   JavaClasses::compute_hard_coded_offsets();
 634 
 635   jint status = Universe::initialize_heap();
 636   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 637     return status;
 638   }
 639 
 640   Metaspace::global_initialize();
 641 
 642   // Checks 'AfterMemoryInit' constraints.
 643   if (!CommandLineFlagConstraintList::check_constraints(CommandLineFlagConstraint::AfterMemoryInit)) {
 644     return JNI_EINVAL;
 645   }
 646 
 647   // Create memory for metadata.  Must be after initializing heap for
 648   // DumpSharedSpaces.
 649   ClassLoaderData::init_null_class_loader_data();
 650 
 651   // We have a heap so create the Method* caches before
 652   // Metaspace::initialize_shared_spaces() tries to populate them.
 653   Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 654   Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = new LatestMethodCache();
 655   Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = new LatestMethodCache();
 656   Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 657   Universe::_do_stack_walk_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 658 
 659   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 660     // Read the data structures supporting the shared spaces (shared
 661     // system dictionary, symbol table, etc.).  After that, access to
 662     // the file (other than the mapped regions) is no longer needed, and
 663     // the file is closed. Closing the file does not affect the
 664     // currently mapped regions.
 665     MetaspaceShared::initialize_shared_spaces();
 666     StringTable::create_table();
 667   } else {
 668     SymbolTable::create_table();
 669     StringTable::create_table();
 670 
 671     if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
 672       MetaspaceShared::prepare_for_dumping();
 673     }
 674   }
 675   if (strlen(VerifySubSet) > 0) {
 676     Universe::initialize_verify_flags();
 677   }
 678 
 679   return JNI_OK;
 680 }
 681 
 682 CollectedHeap* Universe::create_heap() {
 683   assert(_collectedHeap == NULL, "Heap already created");
 684 #if !INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
 685   if (UseParallelGC) {
 686     fatal("UseParallelGC not supported in this VM.");
 687   } else if (UseG1GC) {
 688     fatal("UseG1GC not supported in this VM.");
 689   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 690     fatal("UseConcMarkSweepGC not supported in this VM.");
 691 #else
 692   if (UseParallelGC) {
 693     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<ParallelScavengeHeap, GenerationSizer>();
 694   } else if (UseG1GC) {
 695     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<G1CollectedHeap, G1CollectorPolicy>();
 696   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 697     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<GenCollectedHeap, ConcurrentMarkSweepPolicy>();
 698 #endif
 699   } else if (UseSerialGC) {
 700     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<GenCollectedHeap, MarkSweepPolicy>();
 701   }
 702 
 703   ShouldNotReachHere();
 704   return NULL;
 705 }
 706 
 707 // Choose the heap base address and oop encoding mode
 708 // when compressed oops are used:
 709 // Unscaled  - Use 32-bits oops without encoding when
 710 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 4Gb
 711 // ZeroBased - Use zero based compressed oops with encoding when
 712 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 32Gb
 713 // HeapBased - Use compressed oops with heap base + encoding.
 714 
 715 jint Universe::initialize_heap() {
 716   jint status = JNI_ERR;
 717 
 718   _collectedHeap = create_heap_ext();
 719   if (_collectedHeap == NULL) {
 720     _collectedHeap = create_heap();
 721   }
 722 
 723   status = _collectedHeap->initialize();
 724   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 725     return status;
 726   }
 727   log_info(gc)("Using %s", _collectedHeap->name());
 728 
 729   ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::set_max_size(Universe::heap()->max_tlab_size());
 730 
 731 #ifdef _LP64
 732   if (UseCompressedOops) {
 733     // Subtract a page because something can get allocated at heap base.
 734     // This also makes implicit null checking work, because the
 735     // memory+1 page below heap_base needs to cause a signal.
 736     // See needs_explicit_null_check.
 737     // Only set the heap base for compressed oops because it indicates
 738     // compressed oops for pstack code.
 739     if ((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() > UnscaledOopHeapMax) {
 740       // Didn't reserve heap below 4Gb.  Must shift.
 741       Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
 742     }
 743     if ((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() <= OopEncodingHeapMax) {
 744       // Did reserve heap below 32Gb. Can use base == 0;
 745       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(0);
 746     }
 747 
 748     Universe::set_narrow_ptrs_base(Universe::narrow_oop_base());
 749 
 750     if (log_is_enabled(Info, gc, heap, coops)) {
 751       ResourceMark rm;
 752       outputStream* logst = Log(gc, heap, coops)::info_stream();
 753       Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode(logst);
 754     }
 755 
 756     // Tell tests in which mode we run.
 757     Arguments::PropertyList_add(new SystemProperty("java.vm.compressedOopsMode",
 758                                                    narrow_oop_mode_to_string(narrow_oop_mode()),
 759                                                    false));
 760   }
 761   // Universe::narrow_oop_base() is one page below the heap.
 762   assert((intptr_t)Universe::narrow_oop_base() <= (intptr_t)(Universe::heap()->base() -
 763          os::vm_page_size()) ||
 764          Universe::narrow_oop_base() == NULL, "invalid value");
 765   assert(Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes ||
 766          Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == 0, "invalid value");
 767 #endif
 768 
 769   // We will never reach the CATCH below since Exceptions::_throw will cause
 770   // the VM to exit if an exception is thrown during initialization
 771 
 772   if (UseTLAB) {
 773     assert(Universe::heap()->supports_tlab_allocation(),
 774            "Should support thread-local allocation buffers");
 775     ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::startup_initialization();
 776   }
 777   return JNI_OK;
 778 }
 779 
 780 void Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode(outputStream* st) {
 781   st->print("Heap address: " PTR_FORMAT ", size: " SIZE_FORMAT " MB",
 782             p2i(Universe::heap()->base()), Universe::heap()->reserved_region().byte_size()/M);
 783 
 784   st->print(", Compressed Oops mode: %s", narrow_oop_mode_to_string(narrow_oop_mode()));
 785 
 786   if (Universe::narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
 787     st->print(": " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(Universe::narrow_oop_base()));
 788   }
 789 
 790   if (Universe::narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
 791     st->print(", Oop shift amount: %d", Universe::narrow_oop_shift());
 792   }
 793 
 794   if (!Universe::narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks()) {
 795     st->print(", no protected page in front of the heap");
 796   }
 797   st->cr();
 798 }
 799 
 800 ReservedSpace Universe::reserve_heap(size_t heap_size, size_t alignment) {
 801 
 802   assert(alignment <= Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment(),
 803          "actual alignment " SIZE_FORMAT " must be within maximum heap alignment " SIZE_FORMAT,
 804          alignment, Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment());
 805 
 806   size_t total_reserved = align_size_up(heap_size, alignment);
 807   assert(!UseCompressedOops || (total_reserved <= (OopEncodingHeapMax - os::vm_page_size())),
 808       "heap size is too big for compressed oops");
 809 
 810   bool use_large_pages = UseLargePages && is_size_aligned(alignment, os::large_page_size());
 811   assert(!UseLargePages
 812       || UseParallelGC
 813       || use_large_pages, "Wrong alignment to use large pages");
 814 
 815   // Now create the space.
 816   ReservedHeapSpace total_rs(total_reserved, alignment, use_large_pages);
 817 
 818   if (total_rs.is_reserved()) {
 819     assert((total_reserved == total_rs.size()) && ((uintptr_t)total_rs.base() % alignment == 0),
 820            "must be exactly of required size and alignment");
 821     // We are good.
 822 
 823     if (UseCompressedOops) {
 824       // Universe::initialize_heap() will reset this to NULL if unscaled
 825       // or zero-based narrow oops are actually used.
 826       // Else heap start and base MUST differ, so that NULL can be encoded nonambigous.
 827       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base((address)total_rs.compressed_oop_base());
 828     }
 829 
 830     return total_rs;
 831   }
 832 
 833   vm_exit_during_initialization(
 834     err_msg("Could not reserve enough space for " SIZE_FORMAT "KB object heap",
 835             total_reserved/K));
 836 
 837   // satisfy compiler
 838   ShouldNotReachHere();
 839   return ReservedHeapSpace(0, 0, false);
 840 }
 841 
 842 
 843 // It's the caller's responsibility to ensure glitch-freedom
 844 // (if required).
 845 void Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc() {
 846   _heap_capacity_at_last_gc = heap()->capacity();
 847   _heap_used_at_last_gc     = heap()->used();
 848 }
 849 
 850 
 851 const char* Universe::narrow_oop_mode_to_string(Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE mode) {
 852   switch (mode) {
 853     case UnscaledNarrowOop:
 854       return "32-bit";
 855     case ZeroBasedNarrowOop:
 856       return "Zero based";
 857     case DisjointBaseNarrowOop:
 858       return "Non-zero disjoint base";
 859     case HeapBasedNarrowOop:
 860       return "Non-zero based";
 861   }
 862 
 863   ShouldNotReachHere();
 864   return "";
 865 }
 866 
 867 
 868 Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE Universe::narrow_oop_mode() {
 869   if (narrow_oop_base_disjoint()) {
 870     return DisjointBaseNarrowOop;
 871   }
 872 
 873   if (narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
 874     return HeapBasedNarrowOop;
 875   }
 876 
 877   if (narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
 878     return ZeroBasedNarrowOop;
 879   }
 880 
 881   return UnscaledNarrowOop;
 882 }
 883 
 884 void initialize_known_method(LatestMethodCache* method_cache,
 885                              InstanceKlass* ik,
 886                              const char* method,
 887                              Symbol* signature,
 888                              bool is_static, TRAPS)
 889 {
 890   TempNewSymbol name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(method, CHECK);
 891   Method* m = NULL;
 892   // The klass must be linked before looking up the method.
 893   if (!ik->link_class_or_fail(THREAD) ||
 894       ((m = ik->find_method(name, signature)) == NULL) ||
 895       is_static != m->is_static()) {
 896     ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 897     // NoSuchMethodException doesn't actually work because it tries to run the
 898     // <init> function before java_lang_Class is linked. Print error and exit.
 899     vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("Unable to link/verify %s.%s method",
 900                                  ik->name()->as_C_string(), method));
 901   }
 902   method_cache->init(ik, m);
 903 }
 904 
 905 void Universe::initialize_known_methods(TRAPS) {
 906   // Set up static method for registering finalizers
 907   initialize_known_method(_finalizer_register_cache,
 908                           SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass(),
 909                           "register",
 910                           vmSymbols::object_void_signature(), true, CHECK);
 911 
 912   initialize_known_method(_throw_illegal_access_error_cache,
 913                           SystemDictionary::internal_Unsafe_klass(),
 914                           "throwIllegalAccessError",
 915                           vmSymbols::void_method_signature(), true, CHECK);
 916 
 917   // Set up method for registering loaded classes in class loader vector
 918   initialize_known_method(_loader_addClass_cache,
 919                           SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass(),
 920                           "addClass",
 921                           vmSymbols::class_void_signature(), false, CHECK);
 922 
 923   // Set up method for checking protection domain
 924   initialize_known_method(_pd_implies_cache,
 925                           SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass(),
 926                           "impliesCreateAccessControlContext",
 927                           vmSymbols::void_boolean_signature(), false, CHECK);
 928 
 929   // Set up method for stack walking
 930   initialize_known_method(_do_stack_walk_cache,
 931                           SystemDictionary::AbstractStackWalker_klass(),
 932                           "doStackWalk",
 933                           vmSymbols::doStackWalk_signature(), false, CHECK);
 934 }
 935 
 936 void universe2_init() {
 937   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 938   Universe::genesis(CATCH);
 939 }
 940 
 941 // Set after initialization of the module runtime, call_initModuleRuntime
 942 void universe_post_module_init() {
 943   Universe::_module_initialized = true;
 944 }
 945 
 946 bool universe_post_init() {
 947   assert(!is_init_completed(), "Error: initialization not yet completed!");
 948   Universe::_fully_initialized = true;
 949   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 950   { ResourceMark rm;
 951     Interpreter::initialize();      // needed for interpreter entry points
 952     if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 953       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 954       KlassHandle ok_h(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Object_klass());
 955       Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(ok_h, CHECK_false);
 956       Universe::reinitialize_itables(CHECK_false);
 957     }
 958   }
 959 
 960   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 961   Klass* k;
 962   instanceKlassHandle k_h;
 963   // Setup preallocated empty java.lang.Class array
 964   Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), 0, CHECK_false);
 965 
 966   // Setup preallocated OutOfMemoryError errors
 967   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), true, CHECK_false);
 968   k_h = instanceKlassHandle(THREAD, k);
 969   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 970   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 971   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 972   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 973   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit =
 974     k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 975   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 976 
 977   // Setup preallocated cause message for delayed StackOverflowError
 978   if (StackReservedPages > 0) {
 979     Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message =
 980       java_lang_String::create_oop_from_str("Delayed StackOverflowError due to ReservedStackAccess annotated method", CHECK_false);
 981   }
 982 
 983   // Setup preallocated NullPointerException
 984   // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
 985   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), true, CHECK_false);
 986   Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 987   // Setup preallocated ArithmeticException
 988   // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
 989   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), true, CHECK_false);
 990   Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 991   // Virtual Machine Error for when we get into a situation we can't resolve
 992   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(
 993     vmSymbols::java_lang_VirtualMachineError(), true, CHECK_false);
 994   bool linked = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class_or_fail(CHECK_false);
 995   if (!linked) {
 996     tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify VirtualMachineError class");
 997     return false; // initialization failed
 998   }
 999   Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance =
1000     InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1001 
1002   Universe::_vm_exception = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1003 
1004   if (!DumpSharedSpaces) {
1005     // These are the only Java fields that are currently set during shared space dumping.
1006     // We prefer to not handle this generally, so we always reinitialize these detail messages.
1007     Handle msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space", CHECK_false);
1008     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap, msg());
1009 
1010     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Metaspace", CHECK_false);
1011     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace, msg());
1012     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Compressed class space", CHECK_false);
1013     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace, msg());
1014 
1015     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Requested array size exceeds VM limit", CHECK_false);
1016     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size, msg());
1017 
1018     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("GC overhead limit exceeded", CHECK_false);
1019     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit, msg());
1020 
1021     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space: failed reallocation of scalar replaced objects", CHECK_false);
1022     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects, msg());
1023 
1024     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("/ by zero", CHECK_false);
1025     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance, msg());
1026 
1027     // Setup the array of errors that have preallocated backtrace
1028     k = Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap->klass();
1029     assert(k->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), "should be out of memory error");
1030     k_h = instanceKlassHandle(THREAD, k);
1031 
1032     int len = (StackTraceInThrowable) ? (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount : 0;
1033     Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(k_h(), len, CHECK_false);
1034     for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
1035       oop err = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1036       Handle err_h = Handle(THREAD, err);
1037       java_lang_Throwable::allocate_backtrace(err_h, CHECK_false);
1038       Universe::preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(i, err_h());
1039     }
1040     Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = (jint)len;
1041   }
1042 
1043   Universe::initialize_known_methods(CHECK_false);
1044 
1045   // This needs to be done before the first scavenge/gc, since
1046   // it's an input to soft ref clearing policy.
1047   {
1048     MutexLocker x(Heap_lock);
1049     Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc();
1050   }
1051 
1052   // ("weak") refs processing infrastructure initialization
1053   Universe::heap()->post_initialize();
1054 
1055   // Initialize performance counters for metaspaces
1056   MetaspaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
1057   CompressedClassSpaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
1058 
1059   MemoryService::add_metaspace_memory_pools();
1060 
1061   MemoryService::set_universe_heap(Universe::heap());
1062 #if INCLUDE_CDS
1063   SharedClassUtil::initialize(CHECK_false);
1064 #endif
1065   return true;
1066 }
1067 
1068 
1069 void Universe::compute_base_vtable_size() {
1070   _base_vtable_size = ClassLoader::compute_Object_vtable();
1071 }
1072 
1073 void Universe::print_on(outputStream* st) {
1074   st->print_cr("Heap");
1075   heap()->print_on(st);
1076 }
1077 
1078 void Universe::print_heap_at_SIGBREAK() {
1079   if (PrintHeapAtSIGBREAK) {
1080     MutexLocker hl(Heap_lock);
1081     print_on(tty);
1082     tty->cr();
1083     tty->flush();
1084   }
1085 }
1086 
1087 void Universe::print_heap_before_gc() {
1088   Log(gc, heap) log;
1089   if (log.is_debug()) {
1090     log.debug("Heap before GC invocations=%u (full %u):", heap()->total_collections(), heap()->total_full_collections());
1091     ResourceMark rm;
1092     heap()->print_on(log.debug_stream());
1093   }
1094 }
1095 
1096 void Universe::print_heap_after_gc() {
1097   Log(gc, heap) log;
1098   if (log.is_debug()) {
1099     log.debug("Heap after GC invocations=%u (full %u):", heap()->total_collections(), heap()->total_full_collections());
1100     ResourceMark rm;
1101     heap()->print_on(log.debug_stream());
1102   }
1103 }
1104 
1105 void Universe::initialize_verify_flags() {
1106   verify_flags = 0;
1107   const char delimiter[] = " ,";
1108 
1109   size_t length = strlen(VerifySubSet);
1110   char* subset_list = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, length + 1, mtInternal);
1111   strncpy(subset_list, VerifySubSet, length + 1);
1112 
1113   char* token = strtok(subset_list, delimiter);
1114   while (token != NULL) {
1115     if (strcmp(token, "threads") == 0) {
1116       verify_flags |= Verify_Threads;
1117     } else if (strcmp(token, "heap") == 0) {
1118       verify_flags |= Verify_Heap;
1119     } else if (strcmp(token, "symbol_table") == 0) {
1120       verify_flags |= Verify_SymbolTable;
1121     } else if (strcmp(token, "string_table") == 0) {
1122       verify_flags |= Verify_StringTable;
1123     } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache") == 0) {
1124       verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCache;
1125     } else if (strcmp(token, "dictionary") == 0) {
1126       verify_flags |= Verify_SystemDictionary;
1127     } else if (strcmp(token, "classloader_data_graph") == 0) {
1128       verify_flags |= Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph;
1129     } else if (strcmp(token, "metaspace") == 0) {
1130       verify_flags |= Verify_MetaspaceAux;
1131     } else if (strcmp(token, "jni_handles") == 0) {
1132       verify_flags |= Verify_JNIHandles;
1133     } else if (strcmp(token, "c-heap") == 0) {
1134       verify_flags |= Verify_CHeap;
1135     } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache_oops") == 0) {
1136       verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCacheOops;
1137     } else {
1138       vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("VerifySubSet: \'%s\' memory sub-system is unknown, please correct it", token));
1139     }
1140     token = strtok(NULL, delimiter);
1141   }
1142   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, subset_list);
1143 }
1144 
1145 bool Universe::should_verify_subset(uint subset) {
1146   if (verify_flags & subset) {
1147     return true;
1148   }
1149   return false;
1150 }
1151 
1152 void Universe::verify(VerifyOption option, const char* prefix) {
1153   // The use of _verify_in_progress is a temporary work around for
1154   // 6320749.  Don't bother with a creating a class to set and clear
1155   // it since it is only used in this method and the control flow is
1156   // straight forward.
1157   _verify_in_progress = true;
1158 
1159   COMPILER2_PRESENT(
1160     assert(!DerivedPointerTable::is_active(),
1161          "DPT should not be active during verification "
1162          "(of thread stacks below)");
1163   )
1164 
1165   ResourceMark rm;
1166   HandleMark hm;  // Handles created during verification can be zapped
1167   _verify_count++;
1168 
1169   FormatBuffer<> title("Verifying %s", prefix);
1170   GCTraceTime(Info, gc, verify) tm(title.buffer());
1171   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Threads)) {
1172     log_debug(gc, verify)("Threads");
1173     Threads::verify();
1174   }
1175   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Heap)) {
1176     log_debug(gc, verify)("Heap");
1177     heap()->verify(option);
1178   }
1179   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SymbolTable)) {
1180     log_debug(gc, verify)("SymbolTable");
1181     SymbolTable::verify();
1182   }
1183   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_StringTable)) {
1184     log_debug(gc, verify)("StringTable");
1185     StringTable::verify();
1186   }
1187   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCache)) {
1188   {
1189     MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
1190     log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache");
1191     CodeCache::verify();
1192   }
1193   }
1194   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SystemDictionary)) {
1195     log_debug(gc, verify)("SystemDictionary");
1196     SystemDictionary::verify();
1197   }
1198 #ifndef PRODUCT
1199   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph)) {
1200     log_debug(gc, verify)("ClassLoaderDataGraph");
1201     ClassLoaderDataGraph::verify();
1202   }
1203 #endif
1204   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_MetaspaceAux)) {
1205     log_debug(gc, verify)("MetaspaceAux");
1206     MetaspaceAux::verify_free_chunks();
1207   }
1208   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_JNIHandles)) {
1209     log_debug(gc, verify)("JNIHandles");
1210     JNIHandles::verify();
1211   }
1212   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CHeap)) {
1213     log_debug(gc, verify)("C-heap");
1214     os::check_heap();
1215   }
1216   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCacheOops)) {
1217     log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache Oops");
1218     CodeCache::verify_oops();
1219   }
1220 
1221   _verify_in_progress = false;
1222 }
1223 
1224 
1225 #ifndef PRODUCT
1226 void Universe::calculate_verify_data(HeapWord* low_boundary, HeapWord* high_boundary) {
1227   assert(low_boundary < high_boundary, "bad interval");
1228 
1229   // decide which low-order bits we require to be clear:
1230   size_t alignSize = MinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1231   size_t min_object_size = CollectedHeap::min_fill_size();
1232 
1233   // make an inclusive limit:
1234   uintptr_t max = (uintptr_t)high_boundary - min_object_size*wordSize;
1235   uintptr_t min = (uintptr_t)low_boundary;
1236   assert(min < max, "bad interval");
1237   uintptr_t diff = max ^ min;
1238 
1239   // throw away enough low-order bits to make the diff vanish
1240   uintptr_t mask = (uintptr_t)(-1);
1241   while ((mask & diff) != 0)
1242     mask <<= 1;
1243   uintptr_t bits = (min & mask);
1244   assert(bits == (max & mask), "correct mask");
1245   // check an intermediate value between min and max, just to make sure:
1246   assert(bits == ((min + (max-min)/2) & mask), "correct mask");
1247 
1248   // require address alignment, too:
1249   mask |= (alignSize - 1);
1250 
1251   if (!(_verify_oop_mask == 0 && _verify_oop_bits == (uintptr_t)-1)) {
1252     assert(_verify_oop_mask == mask && _verify_oop_bits == bits, "mask stability");
1253   }
1254   _verify_oop_mask = mask;
1255   _verify_oop_bits = bits;
1256 }
1257 
1258 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
1259 
1260 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_mask() {
1261   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
1262   calculate_verify_data(m.start(), m.end());
1263   return _verify_oop_mask;
1264 }
1265 
1266 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_bits() {
1267   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
1268   calculate_verify_data(m.start(), m.end());
1269   return _verify_oop_bits;
1270 }
1271 
1272 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_mask() {
1273   return markOopDesc::lock_mask_in_place;
1274 }
1275 
1276 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_bits() {
1277   intptr_t mask = verify_mark_mask();
1278   intptr_t bits = (intptr_t)markOopDesc::prototype();
1279   assert((bits & ~mask) == 0, "no stray header bits");
1280   return bits;
1281 }
1282 #endif // PRODUCT
1283 
1284 
1285 void Universe::compute_verify_oop_data() {
1286   verify_oop_mask();
1287   verify_oop_bits();
1288   verify_mark_mask();
1289   verify_mark_bits();
1290 }
1291 
1292 
1293 void LatestMethodCache::init(Klass* k, Method* m) {
1294   if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
1295     _klass = k;
1296   }
1297 #ifndef PRODUCT
1298   else {
1299     // sharing initilization should have already set up _klass
1300     assert(_klass != NULL, "just checking");
1301   }
1302 #endif
1303 
1304   _method_idnum = m->method_idnum();
1305   assert(_method_idnum >= 0, "sanity check");
1306 }
1307 
1308 
1309 Method* LatestMethodCache::get_method() {
1310   if (klass() == NULL) return NULL;
1311   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass());
1312   Method* m = ik->method_with_idnum(method_idnum());
1313   assert(m != NULL, "sanity check");
1314   return m;
1315 }
1316 
1317 
1318 #ifdef ASSERT
1319 // Release dummy object(s) at bottom of heap
1320 bool Universe::release_fullgc_alot_dummy() {
1321   MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
1322   if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array != NULL) {
1323     if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_next >= _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length()) {
1324       // No more dummies to release, release entire array instead
1325       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;
1326       return false;
1327     }
1328     if (!UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1329       // Release dummy at bottom of old generation
1330       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1331     }
1332     // Release dummy at bottom of permanent generation
1333     _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1334   }
1335   return true;
1336 }
1337 
1338 #endif // ASSERT