56 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
57 #
58 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
59 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
60 #
61 # The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables:
62 # std dst
63 # LMT Local Mean Time
64 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
65 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
66 # 5:30 IST India
67 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
68 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
69 # 8:00 CST China
70 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830
71 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
72 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
73 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
74 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
75 # Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
76 # and +0330 for integer hour and minute UTC offsets. Although earlier
77 # editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
78 # offset, this did not reflect common practice.
79 #
80 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
81
82 # From Guy Harris:
83 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
84 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
85 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
86 # Worldwide Edition).
87
88 ###############################################################################
89
90 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
91 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
92 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
93 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
94 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
95 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
96 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
653 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
654
655 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
656 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
657 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
658 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
659 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
660 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
661 # found on Wikisource:
662 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
663 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
664 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
665 # declared officially.
666 #
667 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
668 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
669 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
670 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
671 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
672 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
673 # (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
674 # be found on Wikisource:
675 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
676 #
677 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
678
679 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
680 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
681 # back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
682 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
683 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another
684 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
685 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
686 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
687 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
688 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
689 # that:
690 #
691 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
692 # the time at 135E (GMT+9)
693 #
694 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
695 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
696 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
697 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
698 #
699 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
700 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
701 # Time.
702 #
703 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
1470 # Japan
1471
1472 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
1473
1474 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1475 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1476 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
1477 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
1478
1479 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
1480 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
1481 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1482 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1483 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1484 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1485 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1486 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1487 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1488 # wanted to keep it.)
1489
1490 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1491 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1492 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1493 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1494 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1495 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1496 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1497 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1498 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1499 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1500 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1501
1502 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1503 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1504 # Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s),
1505 # 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
1506 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1507 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1508 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1509 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1510
1511 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1512 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1513 # which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
1514 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1515 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1516 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
1517 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1518 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1519 # standard....
1520 #
1521 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1522 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1523
1524 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
1525 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
1526 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1527 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1528 #
1529 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
1530 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1531 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1532 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1533
1534 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1535 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1536 9:00 Japan J%sT
1537 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1538
1539 # Jordan
1540 #
1541 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
1542 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1543 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1544 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1545 # all year round.
1546 #
1547 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
1548 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1549 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1550 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1551 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
2072 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
2073 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
2074 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
2075 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
2076 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2077 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
2078 8:00 - +08
2079 # Sabah & Sarawak
2080 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
2081 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
2082 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
2083 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2084 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
2085 7:30 - +0730 1933
2086 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16
2087 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2088 8:00 - +08
2089
2090 # Maldives
2091 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2092 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
2093 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
2094 5:00 - +05
2095
2096 # Mongolia
2097
2098 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
2099 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
2100 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
2101
2102 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
2103 # General Information Mongolia
2104 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
2105 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
2106 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
2107 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
2108 # eight hours."
2109
2110 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
2111 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
2112 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
2113 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
|
56 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
57 #
58 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
59 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
60 #
61 # The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables:
62 # std dst
63 # LMT Local Mean Time
64 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
65 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
66 # 5:30 IST India
67 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
68 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
69 # 8:00 CST China
70 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830
71 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
72 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
73 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
74 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
75 # Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
76 # and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier
77 # editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
78 # offset, this did not reflect common practice.
79 #
80 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
81
82 # From Guy Harris:
83 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
84 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
85 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
86 # Worldwide Edition).
87
88 ###############################################################################
89
90 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
91 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
92 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
93 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
94 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
95 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
96 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
653 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
654
655 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
656 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
657 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
658 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
659 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
660 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
661 # found on Wikisource:
662 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
663 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
664 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
665 # declared officially.
666 #
667 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
668 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
669 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
670 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
671 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
672 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
673 # (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
674 # be found on Wikisource:
675 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
676 #
677 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
678
679 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
680 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9
681 # back to UT+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
682 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
683 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21. And in another
684 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
685 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
686 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
687 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
688 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
689 # that:
690 #
691 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
692 # the time at 135E (GMT+9)
693 #
694 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
695 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
696 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
697 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
698 #
699 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
700 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
701 # Time.
702 #
703 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
1470 # Japan
1471
1472 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
1473
1474 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1475 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1476 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
1477 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
1478
1479 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
1480 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
1481 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1482 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1483 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1484 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1485 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1486 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1487 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1488 # wanted to keep it.)
1489
1490 # From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19):
1491 # The source of information is Japanese law.
1492 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm
1493 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm
1494 # ... In summary, it is written as follows. From 24:00 on the first Saturday
1495 # in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September.
1496 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1497 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
1498 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 0 S
1499 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
1500 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
1501
1502 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1503 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1504 # Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s),
1505 # 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
1506 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1507 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1508 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1509 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1510
1511 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1512 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1513 # which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
1514 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1515 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1516 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
1517 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1518 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1519 # standard....
1520 #
1521 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1522 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1523
1524 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
1525 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
1526 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1527 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1528 #
1529 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
1530 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1531 # Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1532 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1533
1534 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1535 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1536 9:00 Japan J%sT
1537 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1538
1539 # Jordan
1540 #
1541 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
1542 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1543 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1544 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1545 # all year round.
1546 #
1547 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
1548 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1549 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1550 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1551 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
2072 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
2073 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
2074 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
2075 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
2076 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2077 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
2078 8:00 - +08
2079 # Sabah & Sarawak
2080 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
2081 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
2082 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
2083 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2084 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
2085 7:30 - +0730 1933
2086 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16
2087 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2088 8:00 - +08
2089
2090 # Maldives
2091 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2092 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé
2093 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time
2094 5:00 - +05
2095
2096 # Mongolia
2097
2098 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
2099 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
2100 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
2101
2102 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
2103 # General Information Mongolia
2104 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
2105 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
2106 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
2107 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
2108 # eight hours."
2109
2110 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
2111 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
2112 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
2113 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
|